Oral Agents for Diabetes Part 1.docx

Oral Agents for Diabetes \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Oral Agents for Diabetes\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?\*\* \- A. Sulfonylureas \- B. Meglitinides \- C. Metformin \- D. Thiazolidinediones \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Metformin【80†sourc...

Oral Agents for Diabetes \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Oral Agents for Diabetes\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?\*\* \- A. Sulfonylureas \- B. Meglitinides \- C. Metformin \- D. Thiazolidinediones \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Metformin【80†source】 2\. \*\*Which of the following oral agents decreases insulin resistance by enhancing glucose uptake in muscle and fat?\*\* \- A. Metformin \- B. Sulfonylureas \- C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors \- D. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Metformin【80†source】 3\. \*\*Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Glucagon \- B. Insulin \- C. Cortisol \- D. Epinephrine \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Insulin【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 2: Regulation of Blood Glucose\*\* 1\. \*\*Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas and increases plasma glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Glucagon \- C. Somatostatin \- D. Amylin \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glucagon【80†source】 2\. \*\*Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has which of the following effects on glucose regulation?\*\* \- A. Increases insulin secretion \- B. Inhibits insulin release \- C. Stimulates glucagon release \- D. Increases gastric emptying \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Increases insulin secretion【80†source】 3\. \*\*What enzyme is responsible for breaking down GLP-1?\*\* \- A. Alpha-glucosidase \- B. Amylase \- C. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) \- D. Glucokinase \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 3: Hormone Action - Insulin\*\* 1\. \*\*Which transporter is activated by insulin to promote glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue?\*\* \- A. GLUT-2 \- B. GLUT-4 \- C. SGLT-1 \- D. SGLT-2 \*\*Answer:\*\* B. GLUT-4【80†source】 2\. \*\*In which of the following tissues is glucose converted to triglycerides for storage, under the influence of insulin?\*\* \- A. Liver \- B. Skeletal muscle \- C. Adipose tissue \- D. Pancreas \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Adipose tissue【80†source】 3\. \*\*Insulin inhibits which of the following processes in the liver?\*\* \- A. Glycogenolysis \- B. Lipogenesis \- C. Gluconeogenesis \- D. Glycolysis \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Gluconeogenesis【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 4: Hormone Action - Glucagon and Amylin\*\* 1\. \*\*Glucagon primarily promotes which metabolic process to increase blood glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Lipolysis \- B. Glycogenolysis \- C. Protein catabolism \- D. Ketogenesis \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glycogenolysis【80†source】 2\. \*\*Amylin, cosecreted with insulin, has which of the following effects?\*\* \- A. Increases glucagon secretion \- B. Increases gastric emptying \- C. Reduces appetite and delays gastric emptying \- D. Stimulates insulin secretion \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Reduces appetite and delays gastric emptying【80†source】 3\. \*\*Amylin suppresses the secretion of which hormone to help control postprandial glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Cortisol \- C. Glucagon \- D. Epinephrine \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Glucagon【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 5: Diabetes Mellitus - Overview\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?\*\* \- A. Insulin resistance \- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells \- C. Increased insulin production \- D. High levels of circulating C-peptide \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells【80†source】 2\. \*\*What is the main cause of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?\*\* \- A. Autoimmune factors \- B. Genetic mutation \- C. Sedentary lifestyle and poor diet \- D. Viral infection \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Sedentary lifestyle and poor diet【80†source】 3\. \*\*What percentage of diabetes cases are Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?\*\* \- A. 5-10% \- B. 20-30% \- C. 50-60% \- D. \~90% \*\*Answer:\*\* D. \~90%【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 6: Secondary and Gestational Diabetes\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a cause of secondary diabetes?\*\* \- A. Gestational diabetes \- B. Insulin resistance \- C. Pancreatectomy \- D. Viral infection \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Pancreatectomy【80†source】 2\. \*\*Gestational diabetes is most commonly diagnosed during which trimester?\*\* \- A. First trimester \- B. Second or third trimester \- C. Immediately after birth \- D. During the first week postpartum \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Second or third trimester【80†source】 3\. \*\*Which form of diabetes is associated with the condition MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young)?\*\* \- A. Type 1 Diabetes \- B. Type 2 Diabetes \- C. Gestational Diabetes \- D. Secondary Diabetes \*\*Answer:\*\* D. Secondary Diabetes【80†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 7: Screening for Diabetes\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following criteria is used for diagnosing diabetes?\*\* \- A. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL \- B. A1c ≥ 6.0% \- C. Random plasma glucose \< 100 mg/dL \- D. Postprandial glucose of ≤ 140 mg/dL \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL【80†source】 2\. \*\*Which population is most at risk for Type 2 Diabetes and should be screened regularly?\*\* \- A. Children under 12 years old \- B. Adults with a family history of diabetes or obesity \- C. Healthy athletes \- D. Pregnant women in their first trimester \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Adults with a family history of diabetes or obesity【80†source】 3\. \*\*What is the target HbA1c level for most patients with diabetes?\*\* \- A. ≤8% \- B. ≤6% \- C. \