OLYMPIC HISTORY REVIEWER.docx

OLYMPIC HISTORY **** Swimming has featured on the programme of all editions of the Games. Also in athens. **[1956, Butterfly]** whose first official appearance was at the 1956 Games in Melbourne. **** Women's swimming became Olympic in 1912 at the Stockholm Games. **[Freestyle distance]** Wo...

OLYMPIC HISTORY **** Swimming has featured on the programme of all editions of the Games. Also in athens. **[1956, Butterfly]** whose first official appearance was at the 1956 Games in Melbourne. **** Women's swimming became Olympic in 1912 at the Stockholm Games. **[Freestyle distance]** Women: 800 metres Men: 1,500 metres **** the world swimming association, *Fédération Internationale de Natation de Amateur (FINA),* was formed. **[Prehistoric Times-Stone Age]** Swimming has been known since prehistoric times. **[1538\|Nicolas Wynman]** German professor of languages, wrote the first swimming book, *\"Colymbetes\".* **[John Arthur Trudgen\| 1873]** Introduced the *front crawl,* then called the "*[trudgen"]*, copying it from Native Americans. **[Richard Cavill \| 1902]** Improved the trudgen using the flutter kick. **** Butterfly was first a variant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952. ANCIENT TIMES **[\"The cave of swimmers\"]** Where drawings from the Stone Age were found near Wadi Sora (or Sura) in the southwestern part of Egypt near Libya. **[Kebir Desert]** The most famous drawings were found and are estimated to be from around 4000 B.C. **[Mohenjo Daro]** The Indian palace from 2800B.C. *contains a swimming pool sized 30m by 60m.* MIDDLE AGES TO 1800'S **** the first national swimming organization was established in Japan. **[1696\|Thevenot]** wrote *\"The Art of Swimming\",* describing a breaststroke very similar to the modern breaststroke. **[1708 \| \"Chinkiang Association for the Saving of Life\"]** the first known lifesaving group was established in China. **[1716\|Benjamin Franklin ]** is credited with the invention of the *swimming fins* at the age of ten. **[In 1798 Guts Muts]** wrote another book *\"Kleines Lehrbuch der Schwimmkunst zum Selbstunterricht\"* (Small study book of the art of swimming for self study), recommending the use of a \"fishing rod\" device to aid in the learning of swimming. His books describe a three step approach to learn swimming that is still used today. PRE-OLYMPIC ERA TO 1896 **** The Lifebelt was invented by *W. H. Mallison.* **** The first indoor swimming pool was built in *England.* **[TRUDGEON\| TRUDGEN]** This style is the first European version of the front crawl, the fastest swimming style known today. **[Captain Matthew Webb]** was the first man to swim the English channel using breaststroke (between England and France), in 1875. But died in *Niagara Falls in 1882.* **[1879 \| Louis III of Bavaria]** built a swimming pool in castle Linderhof. This is believed to be the *first artificial wave pool* and also featured electrically heated water and light. **[LATE 19^TH^ CENTURY]** *Synchronized swimming* started in the late 19th century, and the first competition was in *1891 in Berlin*, a men\'s-only event. THE MODERN OLYMPIC ERA AFTER 1896 **[ALFRED HAJOS]** Won the first gold medal 1:22.20 for the 100m freestyle. **[1922\| Johnny Weissmuller]** became the first person to swim the 100m in less than a minute, using a six kicks per cycle Australian crawl. Won 5 olympic medals. **[Sybil Bauer]** was the first woman to break a men's world record over the 440m backstroke in 6:24. **[Mark Spitz]** Won seven olympic medals most ever won by a man. **[Kristin Otto]** from East Germany won six gold medals, the most ever won by a woman in seoul. **[1998 Benoît Lecomte]** swam across the Atlantic Ocean, a total of 5,600 kilometers in 72 days, swimming 6 to 8 hours daily. He was accompanied by two sailors on a sailboat.