Science P Reasoning Inventory Reduced Version PDF

The Science P Reasoning Inventory Reduced Version. SPR-I(7) An instrument for measuring conceptual advances in primary school scientific reasoning Christopher Osterhaus Susanne Koerber · Beate Sodian The Science P Reasoning Invent...

The Science P Reasoning Inventory Reduced Version. SPR-I(7) An instrument for measuring conceptual advances in primary school scientific reasoning Christopher Osterhaus Susanne Koerber · Beate Sodian The Science P Reasoning Inventory (SPR-I) Reduced Version Christopher Osterhaus | Susanne Koerber | Beate Sodian All authors contributed equally to this work. The SPR-I was developed in the project Science-P—“Development of Science Competencies in Primary School,” which was funded by the German Research Council (DFG) within the Priority Program “Models of Competencies for Assessment of Individual Learning Outcomes and the Evaluation of Educational Processes” (SPP 1293, SO 213/29-2; KO 2276/4-3). For further information on test construction and administration, see the manual as well as Osterhaus, Koerber, & Sodian (2020). Additional materials can be obtained from osf.io/34dsk/ Osterhaus, C., Koerber, S., & Sodian, B. (2020). The Science-P Reasoning Inventory (SPR-I): Measuring Emerging Scientific-Reasoning Skills in Primary School. Supplementary Material. International Journal of Science Education. doi:10.1080/09500693.2020.1748251  Example: “Black Jacket” Why is a black jacket difficult to see at night? Why is a black jacket difficult to see at night? Put a cross after every answer! The jacket is difficult to see at night because... correct incorrect 1. … it is of a dark color. 2. … it has a zipper but no buttons. 3. … it does not have any reflectors. Which one is the best answer? No.____ Mr. Miller builds airplanes. He wants them to use as little fuel as possible. He has various ideas about what influences the fuel consumption of an airplane. He thinks: round sharp nose nose A plane can have a round or a sharp nose. He thinks: round sharp nose nose A plane can have a round or a sharp nose. He thinks: tail wing tail wing high low The tail wing could be attached high or low. He thinks: round sharp nose nose A plane can have a round or a sharp nose. He thinks: tail wing tail wing high low The tail wing could be attached high or low. He thinks: A plane can have double or simple wings. double wings simple wings Mr. Miller believes: It depends on whether the tail wing is attached high or low. What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? Do Don’t do ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? Do Don’t do 1. Mr. Miller should build a few planes and see how much fuel they ¨ ¨ consume. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? Do Don’t do 1. Mr. Miller should build a few planes and see how much fuel they ¨ ¨ consume. 2. Mr. Miller should build two planes: one with the tail wing high and one ¨ ¨ with it low. They must otherwise be identical. ¨ ¨  What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? Do Don’t do 1. Mr. Miller should build a few planes and see how much fuel they ¨ ¨ consume. 2. Mr. Miller should build two planes: one with the tail wing high and one ¨ ¨ with it low. They must otherwise be identical. 3. Mr. Miller should build two different planes, each with the tail wing in a ¨ ¨ different position.  What should Mr. Miller do to find out if the position of the tail wing is important or not for the fuel consumption? Do Don’t do 1. Mr. Miller should build a few planes and see how much fuel they ¨ ¨ consume. 2. Mr. Miller should build two planes: one with the tail wing high and one ¨ ¨ with it low. They must otherwise be identical. 3. Mr. Miller should build two different planes, each with the tail wing in a ¨ ¨ different position. Which one is the best answer? No._____ Long ago, in the Middle Ages, people believed there are witches who could make people sick. A modern-day scientist traveled back to the Middle Ages with a time machine. Scientists in the Middles Ages thought that witches can make people sick. The modern-day scientists believes that bacteria can make people sick. The modern-day scientist shows the scientist from the Middle Ages the bacteria under the microscope and explains: “These bacteria are the reason why people get sick!” What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? He would say He would not this say this ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? He would say He would not this say this 1. “Of course, you’re right. Bacteria ¨ ¨ make people sick, not witches.” ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? He would say He would not this say this 1. “Of course, you’re right. Bacteria ¨ ¨ make people sick, not witches.” 2. “Bacteria could be the witches’ little ¨ ¨ helpers.” ¨ ¨  What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? He would say He would not this say this 1. “Of course, you’re right. Bacteria ¨ ¨ make people sick, not witches.” 2. “Bacteria could be the witches’ little ¨ ¨ helpers.” 3. “It may be true that there are bacteria here, but witches are still ¨ ¨ the ones who make people sick.”  What will the scientist from the Middle Ages say to this? He would say He would not this say this 1. “Of course, you’re right. Bacteria ¨ ¨ make people sick, not witches.” 2. “Bacteria could be the witches’ little ¨ ¨ helpers.” 3. “It may be true that there are bacteria here, but witches are still ¨ ¨ the ones who make people sick.” Which one is the best answer? No._____ The children in grade 3 learn about what a theory is. Mrs. Schmidt explains: With a theory one tries to explain why things in the world are as they are.  With a theory one tries to explain why Who has a good example of a theory? things in the world are as they are. Good Not a good example example ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  With a theory one tries to explain why Who has a good example of a theory? things in the world are as they are. Good Not a good example example 1. Simon believes that children get bad grades because they don’t ¨ ¨ do their homework. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  With a theory one tries to explain why Who has a good example of a theory? things in the world are as they are. Good Not a good example example 1. Simon believes that children get bad grades because they don’t ¨ ¨ do their homework. 2. Luke believes that 1 + 1 = 2 because every little child knows ¨ ¨ this. ¨ ¨  With a theory one tries to explain why Who has a good example of a theory? things in the world are as they are. Good Not a good example example 1. Simon believes that children get bad grades because they don’t ¨ ¨ do their homework. 2. Luke believes that 1 + 1 = 2 because every little child knows ¨ ¨ this. 3. Alex believes that the earth rotates because he has a globe ¨ ¨ at home.  With a theory one tries to explain why Who has a good example of a theory? things in the world are as they are. Good Not a good example example 1. Simon believes that children get bad grades because they don’t ¨ ¨ do their homework. 2. Luke believes that 1 + 1 = 2 because every little child knows ¨ ¨ this. 3. Alex believes that the earth rotates because he has a globe ¨ ¨ at home. Who has the best example of a theory? No.____ In the village Herbmeadow, there lives an old lady who knows a lot about herbs. She wants to brew a herbal potion that cures belly pain. She has a lot of herbs but is unsure about which ones to use: Dried or fresh herbs? dried fresh Dried or fresh herbs? dried fresh Field or forest herbs? field herbs forest herbs Dried or fresh herbs? dried fresh Field or forest herbs? field herbs forest herbs With or without root? with root without root The old lady brews several potions and tries them on the villagers who have belly pain. Then, she sees which herbs cure the villagers and which herbs do not. Look at the pictures and see what the old lady found out. healthy sick Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say?  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say? The old lady would say: She would She would say this. not say this. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say? The old lady would say: She would She would say this. not say this. 1. “The roots cured the villagers. Because the strength lies in the root.” ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say? The old lady would say: She would She would say this. not say this. 1. “The roots cured the villagers. Because the strength lies in the root.” ¨ ¨ 2. “It could be both the fresh herbs and the roots that cured the villagers.” ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say? The old lady would say: She would She would say this. not say this. 1. “The roots cured the villagers. Because the strength lies in the root.” ¨ ¨ 2. “It could be both the fresh herbs and the roots that cured the villagers.” ¨ ¨ 3. “The fresh herbs cured the villagers because everyone who drank the potion with fresh ¨ ¨ herbs does not have belly pain anymore.”  Take another close look at the pictures! healthy sick Which herbs cured the villagers? What would the old lady say? The old lady would say: She would She would say this. not say this. 1. “The roots cured the villagers. Because the strength lies in the root.” ¨ ¨ 2. “It could be both the fresh herbs and the roots that cured the villagers.” ¨ ¨ 3. “The fresh herbs cured the villagers because everyone who drank the potion with fresh ¨ ¨ herbs does not have belly pain anymore.” Which one is the best answer? No._____  “Our pet has a “Our pet doesn’t good sense of have a good smell!” sense of smell!” Paula and Susi own a new pet. It is a very rare animal, an aardvark. Paula and Susi have different views on whether their new pet has a good sense of smell or not. They take a box, strongly smelling cheese, and weakly smelling bread. Now they think about where to put the cheese or the bread in order to find out if their pet has a fine nose or not. Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? correct incorrect ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? correct incorrect 1. bread in the box ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? correct incorrect 1. bread in the box ¨ ¨ 2. cheese in the box ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? correct incorrect 1. bread in the box ¨ ¨ 2. cheese in the box ¨ ¨ 3. cheese on top of the ¨ ¨ box  Where should Paula and Susi put the cheese or the bread in order to find out whether their pet has a good sense of smell or not? correct incorrect 1. bread in the box ¨ ¨ 2. cheese in the box ¨ ¨ 3. cheese on top of the ¨ ¨ box Which is the best answer? No._____ Lilans live on the planet “Lila”. For quite a while they observed that small green animals come from a hole in the ground every morning. They want to find out why.  During the day! The Lilans think that that the green animals only come out of their hole during the day. They have several ideas about how to test their idea. Which ideas do you think are good and which are not so good?  Which ideas do you think are good and which are not so good? Not a A good good idea idea 1. We sit in front of the hole and observe when the green animals come out of their hole. We then ¨ ¨ write down what we have seen. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Which ideas do you think are good and which are not so good? Not a A good good idea idea 1. We sit in front of the hole and observe when the green animals come out of their hole. We then ¨ ¨ write down what we have seen. 2. We observe the hole during the night. If the green animals then come out of their hole we ¨ ¨ know that our idea was wrong. ¨ ¨  Which ideas do you think are good and which are not so good? Not a A good good idea idea 1. We sit in front of the hole and observe when the green animals come out of their hole. We then ¨ ¨ write down what we have seen. 2. We observe the hole during the night. If the green animals then come out of their hole we ¨ ¨ know that our idea was wrong. 3. We put a piece of salami in front of the hole and observe if the green animals then come out of ¨ ¨ their hole.  Which ideas do you think are good and which are not so good? Not a A good good idea idea 1. We sit in front of the hole and observe when the green animals come out of their hole. We then ¨ ¨ write down what we have seen. 2. We observe the hole during the night. If the green animals then come out of their hole we ¨ ¨ know that our idea was wrong. 3. We put a piece of salami in front of the hole and observe if the green animals then come out of ¨ ¨ their hole. Which one is the best idea? No.____ Scientists investigate nature and make a lot of new discoveries. Can scientists be wrong?  Scientists investigate nature and make a lot of new discoveries. Can scientists be wrong? richtig falsch 1. Their basic assumptions can be ¨ ¨ wrong. ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨  Scientists investigate nature and make a lot of new discoveries. Can scientists be wrong? richtig falsch 1. Their basic assumptions can be ¨ ¨ wrong. 2. Scientists know a lot. Therefore, they ¨ ¨ are usually not wrong. ¨ ¨  Scientists investigate nature and make a lot of new discoveries. Can scientists be wrong? richtig falsch 1. Their basic assumptions can be ¨ ¨ wrong. 2. Scientists know a lot. Therefore, they ¨ ¨ are usually not wrong. 3. Sometimes they work with equipment that does not work. Then errors may ¨ ¨ occur.  Scientists investigate nature and make a lot of new discoveries. Can scientists be wrong? richtig falsch 1. Their basic assumptions can be ¨ ¨ wrong. 2. Scientists know a lot. Therefore, they ¨ ¨ are usually not wrong. 3. Sometimes they work with equipment that does not work. Then errors may ¨ ¨ occur. Which is the best answer? No.____