Nutrition Fundamentals Water and Minerals Spring 2021 PDF

Nutrition Fundamentals Water and Minerals This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC  Roles of water and electrolytes in health and disease Trace and Major minerals in health and disease Objectives Water Ba...

Nutrition Fundamentals Water and Minerals This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC  Roles of water and electrolytes in health and disease Trace and Major minerals in health and disease Objectives Water Balance Water is not stored Intake = Output Intake = beverages, food, cellular respiration Output = Bowel, bladder, sweating, lung respiration Regulation of Water Which one doesn’t work well? Thirst Kidneys Blood vessels constricting  Water Functions How many days Acts as a solvent: solutes (for example: glucose, can a person go proteins, minerals) dissolve in water without food and Participates in chemical reactions water? Transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, waste materials Protects and cushions body structures How many days Regulates pH and temperature can a person go without food? Blood pressure regulation Water only? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC  This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND How much water do you need? Is the 8 cups of water a day seen on the Internet correct?  DRI’s for water men = 3.7 litres/day (15 cups) women = 2.7 litres/day (11 cups) Get 20% of water from foods we eat men still need 12 cups of fluid per day women still need 9 cups of fluid per day Fluid comes from water, milk, juice, decaffeinated beverages, This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC pop, etc. When do you need more water? Increased activity Increased temperature Decreased humidity Low-calorie diet High-salt diet High-fiber diet Alcohol  Will giving water to your patrons reduce their intake (therefore less $ for your restaurant)? What if it is bubbly water vs. still Discussion water? What if water is given before the meal vs. during the meal? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC  Major Trace Minerals Total 20 of them Minerals Affected by… Amount in soil Processing Cooking or am I wrong? Other parts of the plant e.g. fibres This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY  My favourite foods affect minerals Oxalates-spinach, rhubarb, beet greens, chocolate Tannins-tea, red wine, barley, sorghum Phytates-whole grains, soy, bran This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC  Electrolytes Nerve impulses Signals between cells Regulate fluid balance Deficiency: Heavy sweating, diarrhea or vomiting, kidney disorders, or medications Excess: Potassium-stops heart Sodium-increase blood pressure-is the professor wrong about this too?  Does salt really cause high blood pressure? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Which foods do you consider super high in Sodium? Sodium in our foods ▪ 75% of our sodium comes from processed foods ▪ 12% from whole, unprocessed, unseasoned foods ▪ 13% from seasoning  1500 is the RDA How much 2300 is the TUL sodium do you need per day? These are numbers to know…  Type in “name of restaurant and Sodium at the nutrition” Restaurant What food is the highest you can find?  1 tsp Table Salt = 2300 mg of sodium Is salt salt? 1 tsp of Himalayan Pink Salt (HPS) = 2245 mg sodium Save 55 mg sodium per day with HPS Drake & Drake J Sensory Studies 2010:26:25-34 Calcium 99% in bones and teeth But many other functions muscle contraction neurotransmitter release blood pressure regulation cell communication blood clotting This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY What is the most important factor for strong bones? Bonus mark for the person who gets it… Students are you… tired? unmotivated? cranky? getting sick a lot? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC  Iron Rich Foods Heme Iron Found in animal foods (meats) 23% Absorbed the best Non Heme Iron Found in plant foods (legumes, whole grains, nuts, etc.) 3% Not absorbed as well as heme  Sources of Minerals… Notice a theme? Magnesium: leafy greens, nuts, seeds, legumes, bananas, germ and bran of whole grains Sulfur: dietary proteins and sulfur-containing vitamins, found in some food preservatives Copper: organ meats, seafood, nuts, seeds, whole-grain breads and cereals, chocolate Zinc: meat, liver, eggs, dairy products, vegetables, legumes, seeds Selenium: seafood, kidney, liver, eggs, grains, nuts, seeds Chromium: liver, brewer’s yeast, nuts, whole grains Manganese: whole grains, nuts, legumes, leafy green vegetables Molybdenum: milk and milk products, organ meats, whole grain breads, cereals, legumes This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Toxicity of Minerals Which picture is the Not from foods but risk with supplements alter availability of iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus iron cause constipation supplement? Which loss of weight and appetite fatigue ones are candy? abnormal heartbeat frequent urination and damage to kidneys soft tissue calcification nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps low blood pressure, and other cardiovascular changes diarrhea headaches decreased immunity lower HDL decreased copper and iron absorption goiter black and brown stains, cracking and pitting of the teeth alter puberty, fertility death