NUR 236 Test 4 PDF

Test 4 - **Identify the types of fractures** - - **Which age related changes occurs in the musculoskeletal system** - Joint cartilage thins and erodes - Increased brittleness and fragility of bones - Decreased muscle mass - **The nurse is caring for an older adu...

Test 4 - **Identify the types of fractures** - - **Which age related changes occurs in the musculoskeletal system** - Joint cartilage thins and erodes - Increased brittleness and fragility of bones - Decreased muscle mass - **The nurse is caring for an older adult patient. Which age-related factor increases this patient's risk for falls?** Increased postural sway - **The nurse providing education to a group of patients knows that all of the following are causes of musculoskeletal disorders except?** Too much calcium and phosphorus intake. - **A patient asks the nurse why the doctor ordered a synovial fluid culture for her. The nurse explains that a synovial fluid culture?** Can detect organisms responsible for infection. - **A 56 year old man complains of joint pain, difficulty rising, and limping. He demonstrates poor posture and uncoordinated gait. You see the priority problem on his care plan as?** Altered physical activity - **To manage joint discomfort associated with movement for a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis you should?** Schedule pain medication administration before exercise. - **You assess the condition of a patient with a splint applied to the right arm. Which clinical finding is cause for the greatest concern?** Redness of skin under the splint - **The thumb is a "saddle" joint.** - **Main purpose of traction** - Traction uses a pulling force to promote and maintain alignment of the injured area. - Extending and holding that part in a certain position during immobilization. - **What is in the canal system that runs through the bone?** Blood and lymph vessels - **Patient that had a knee replacement is going to physical therapy, what do we need to do before they go to physical therapy?** Administer pain medication - **Patient involved in a car accident what tests will be ordered?** CBC, XRAY, BMP, MRI, CT scan, DEXA, Arthrography, Arthroscopy, Arthrocentesis, EMG, biopsy - **What is the function of a ligament?** Join the bones of a joint together - **RICE:** Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation - **Main function of the musculoskeletal system?** support the body, give it structure, and enable movement. - **Which component(s) is/are functions of the musculoskeletal system?** - Motion - Support - Protection of organs - Body shape - **What is one of the primary issues with a patient who has a problem with mobility?** A self-care deficit is one of the primary issues for patients who have a problem with mobility. Altered self esteem - **Crutches should be two finger breadths below the axilla.** - **Fat embolism is the most common following a hip fracture.** - **Can occur 72 hours after pelvic fracture** - Avascular necrosis (circulatory compromise) is commonly found in hip fractures - Hip fractures are the most common injury in older adults and are usually associated with falls. - **Bryant's traction** (used for congenital hip dislocation in children) and **Buck's traction** (used preoperatively for hip fractures for immobilization in adult clients). -  - **The 6 P\'s of a neurovascular assessment** are pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, and poikilothermia (cold to the touch). - **Foods high in purine:** organ meat, sardines, red meat, shellfish, gravies - **What is the best indication that a patient is developing compartment syndrome?** Severe pain - **Signs and symptoms of a fat embolism** - Dyspnea - Increased respiratory rate - Decreased oxygen saturation - Headache - Decreased mental status related to low arterial oxygen level - Respiratory distress - Tachycardia - Confusion - Chest pain - Crackles and wheezes on auscultating the lungs - Fever - Petechiae (a fine red rash over the chest, neck, upper arms, or abdomen) - **What finding during pin site care would you bring to the doctor's attention?** Redness, swelling, odor, pus - **Definitions** - **Cartilage** is a type of connective tissue in which fibers and cells are embedded in a semisolid gel material. - **Tendons** are connective tissues that provide joint movement. - **Ligaments** join the bones of a joint together. - **Crepitation** is a grating sound, occurs when bone fragments rub together. - **Ossification** is the formation of or conversion into bone or a bony substance. - **Ankylosis** is the abnormal immobility and consolidation and obliteration of a joint. - **Contractures** is the shortening of skeletal muscle tissue causing deformity - **Kyphosis** is an abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic spine, which gives a "hunchback" appearance. - **Arthroplasty** is a joint replacement surgery to increase mobility or decrease pain. - **Dislocation** is the stretching and tearing of ligaments around a joint with complete displacement of a bone. - **Subluxation** is a partial dislocation. - **Fasciotomy** is linear incisions in the fascia down the extremity - **Fracture** is a break or interruption in the continuity of a bone. - **Nonunion** is failure to heal - **What is gout?** Gout is arthritis of a joint caused by high serum levels of uric acid. Uric acid crystals precipitate from the body fluids and settle in joints and connective tissue. - **What do we use to detect fractures, avulsion, and joint damage?** X-ray - **What does synovial fluid do for a joint?** Lubricates and cushions to reduce friction - **Things a patient should avoid after a total hip replacement?** Crossing their legs, bending forward, sitting in a low chair. - **Someone with an open (compound) fracture has a high risk for?** Infection - **What is a strain?** A strain is a pulling or tearing of a muscle, a tendon, or both. - A **knee immobilizer** prevents motion and provides compression to reduce pain and swelling. -  - **What is a sprain?** A sprain is a partial or complete tearing of the ligaments that hold various bones together to form a joint. - **What does goniometry measure?** Range-of-motion (ROM)