Nuclear Medicine Prelims PDF

PRELIM Nuclear Medicine | IT-RAD 114 | 24 T...

PRELIM Nuclear Medicine | IT-RAD 114 | 24 Transcribed by: H.Pepito | References: PPT, Handouts Professor: Ms. Aya Cassandra Ortega, RRT and Mr. Larry C. Simon, RRT 25 LECTURE 1: BASIC NUCLEAR PHYSICS What is Nuclear Medicine Radiopharmaceuticals is a medical specialty that uses small amounts of Are a group of medicinal formulations that contain radioactive materials, called radiopharmaceuticals, to radioactive isotopes and are used in the field of nuclear diagnose and treat diseases. medicine Unlike other imaging techniques, such as X-rays or CT The key component that emits radiation, Radioactive scans, which capture images of the body's structure, which can be detected or used for Isotopes nuclear medicine provides information about the function (Radionuclide) therapeutic effects of organs and tissues This is a biologically active molecule or → E.g. Radioactive Iodine Treatment for thyroid cancer (I-131) chemical that delivers the radioactive isotope Carrier Molecule to specific organs, tissues, or cells within the What is the Purpose of Radiopharmaceuticals body Diagnostic / Therapeutic / Theranostic Contrast media outlines the details whereas Imaging Techniques Radiopharmaceutical traces the functions SPECT NucMed gamma = PET/CT = FDG (Fludeoxyglucose) = PET glucose = activity increases within the tumor → Tumor / Cancer cells are addicted to sugar / glucose Hybrid: fuses the image of both modalities Osteosarcoma = Majority of patients (NucMed) are PET/CT Pediatrics SPECT/CT Computation of dosage is based on the weight and age of PET/MRI patient Imaging Techniques Other Terms: “Radioisotope” = proton Radiation Safety “Radiopharmaceuticals”= in Layman's term: drug Principles of radiation protection (Time, Distance, “Radionuclide” = nucleus of atoms Shielding) “Radiotracer” = trace → [NucMed] shielding is first ensured, then distance and then time Nuclear Physics Monitoring and controlling exposure is a branch of physics that studies the atomic nucleus and its interactions. This field explores the fundamental Regulatory Bodies properties of nuclei, including their structure, behavior, and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) the forces that govern their interactions NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) Types of Radiation Decay Processes PNRI (Philippine Nuclear Research Institute) Alpha Particles Radioactive decay (alpha, beta, CDRRHR (Center for Device Regulation, Radiation Health, gamma decay) and Research) Beta Particles Gamma Rays Half-life concept Best Practices / WASTE MANAGEMENT Proper handling and disposal of radioactive materials Nuclear Reactions Training for healthcare professionals Transformations of atomic nuclei that involve changes in their composition 1) Fission (e.g. nuclear reactors) – atomic nucleus splits into several parts creating energy 2) Fusion (e.g. stars) – two light atomic nucleus combined, creating nuclear energy 3) Radioactive decay - unstable atom undergoes radioactivity to be stable DE LA SALLE MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE - COLLEGE OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND THERAPY 1