Philosophical View of the Self PDF

GEUTS01X Philosophical View of the Self Prepared by: Mr. Lucky Nine R. Perez, MA  Lesson Objectives At the end of this lecture, you are expected to: 1. Discuss the different representations and conceptualizations of the self from different perspective. 2. Examine the dif...

GEUTS01X Philosophical View of the Self Prepared by: Mr. Lucky Nine R. Perez, MA  Lesson Objectives At the end of this lecture, you are expected to: 1. Discuss the different representations and conceptualizations of the self from different perspective. 2. Examine the different influences, factors and forces that shapes the self-thru different aspects. 3. Demonstrate critical and reflective thoughts in analyzing the development of oneself and identity by developing a theory of the self. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self Pre-assessment Activity Tweet me Baby, One more Time You are tasked to write a tagline about yourself as a tweet, as if you are a product ready to be sold. Make your tagline as appealing to the market possible. You can state some pleasing qualities that you have or might have. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing” Socrates BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Know Thyself Socrates Question Everything Only the Pursuit of Goodness “An Bring Happiness unexamined life Socratic Method: Question is not worth and Answer; living” Leads us to think for ourselves. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “The first and greatest victory is to conquer yourself” Plato BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Tripartite Soul Plato The Rational part desires to exert reason and attain rational decisions “For a man to (RULING CLASS) conquer himself The Spirited part desires supreme is the first and honor (MILITARY CLASS) noblest of all victories” The Appetite part of the soul desires bodily pleasures such as food, drink, sex, etc. (COMMONER) BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Plato According to Plato, man was omniscient before he came to be “For a man to born to this world. With his conquer himself separation from the paradise of truth is the first and and knowledge and his long exile on noblest of all earth, he forgot most of the victories” knowledge he had. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Plato “For a man to However, by constant remembering through contemplation and doing conquer himself good, he can regain his former is the first and perfections. noblest of all victories” BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom” Aristotle BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Contributed the foundation of both Aristotle symbolic logic and scientific thinking The best way to gain knowledge was “Happiness through “natural philosophy,” which is depends in what we would now call science. ourselves” Happiness, which is dependent in an individual’s virtues, is the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “The truth is like a lion. You don’t have to defend it. Let it lose. It will defend itself. St. Augustine BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  An important figure in the development of Western Christianity St. Augustine His philosophy of man brings together wisdom of the Greek philosophy and the divine truths “Do unto others, contained in the scripture. what you want The absolute and immutable is the Living God, others do unto the Creator of the entire universe. you” To love God means to love one’s fellowmen, and to love one’s fellowmen means never to do any harm to another. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “I doubt therefore I think, I think therefore I am” René Descartes BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  The Self is defined as a subject that thinks. René Descartes The self that has full competence in the powers of human reason. “The fact that I am doubting, Having distanced the self from all sources of truth from authority and tradition, the self can cannot be only find its truth and authenticity within its anymore open to own capacity to think. doubt” BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience” John Locke BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Personal identity is a matter of psychological John Locke continuity. Personal identity (or the self) is founded on “Our concept of consciousness. personal identity Identity over time is fixed by awareness of the must derive from past. inner experience” Locke posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “A wise man proportion his belief to the evidence.” David Hume BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  He rejects the notion of identity over time. David Hume There are no “persons” that continue to exist over time, there are merely impressions. “The self is a bundle of impressions” The things you are thinking about towards yourself are individual impressions or perceptions of towards you. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “To be is to do.” Immanuel Kant BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Consciousness is the central feature of the Immanuel Kant self. The consciousness is divided into: “Rule for Happiness: Something to do, 1. Internal Self - composed of psychological states and informed decisions; someone to love, remembering our own state, how can we something to hope combine the new and old ideas with our for.” mind. 1. Self-is memory and Imagination. 2. External Self - made up of ourselves and the physical world where the BS Psychology representation of objects GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “The child is the father of the man” Sigmund Freud BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self Sigmund Freud The self continues from childhood to adulthood. Personality is determined by childhood “Out of your experiences. vulnerabilities will Personality is largely unconscious. come your Structure of the Self strength” Id: animalistic self; pleasure principle Ego: executive self; reality principle Superego: conscience; morality principle BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  I made it, and so I am. Gilbert Ryle BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  Rejects the theory that mental states are separable from physical states. Gilbert Ryle He argued that philosophers do not need a "hidden" principle to explain the supra- mechanical capacities of humans, because the “In search for the workings of the mind are not distinct from the self, one cannot actions of the body, but are one and the same. His form of Philosophical Behaviorism (the be simultaneously belief that all mental phenomena can be be the hunter and explained by reference to publicly observable the hunted.” behavior) became a standard view for several decades. He concluded that adequate descriptions of human behavior need never refer to anything but the operations of human bodies. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self  “The body is to be compared, not to a physical object, but rather to a work of art.” Maurice Merleau-Ponty BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self MAURICE PONTY His work is commonly associated with the philosophical movement called existentialism and its intention to begin “We know not with an analysis of the concrete through our experiences, perceptions, and intellect but difficulties, of human existence. through our experience.” Our perception of the self is a collection of our perceptions of our outside world. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self Thank you End of discussion QUESTIONS? for listening BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self Reference/s: Gazinggan, L.B, Porillo, J.E, Velasco, V.V, Villaluz, et al., (2018). Understanding the Self. Panday-Lahi Publishing House, Sucat, Muntinlupa City. BS Psychology GEUTS01X - Understanding the Self