NSTP1 MIDTERMS.docx

**NSTP** Is a program aimed at enhancing **civic consciousness** and **defense preparedness** in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. **COMPONENTS OF NSTP** - Literacy Training Service (LTS) - Reser...

**NSTP** Is a program aimed at enhancing **civic consciousness** and **defense preparedness** in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. **COMPONENTS OF NSTP** - Literacy Training Service (LTS) - Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) - Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) **NSTP as "DE JURE"** Republic Act No. 9163 which known as the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001. It is an act establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students and is the result of the amendment of Republic Act No. 7077 or AFP Reservist Law and Presidential Decree No. 1706 or the National Service Law. - The guiding principle of NSTP is stated in **Article II of the 1987 Constitution.** **Section 4.** The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and. In the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service. **A Primer on the NSTP Act of 2001** A. "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)" is a program institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate. Train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense preparedness. B. "Literacy Training Service (LTS)" is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numerical skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service. C. "Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)" refers to programs or activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community of the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, recreation and moral of the citizenry. **CORE VALUES OF NSTP** - Unity - Patriotism - Faith in God - Respect for life - Truth - Justice - Freedom - Equality - Peace - Concern for Family - Concern for Environment - Volunteerism **VALUES** Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. Values means something that has a price, something precious, dear, and worthwhile. Values also refers to everything from eternal idea to behavioral actions. It serves as criteria for determining the levels of goodness, worth, or beauty. The act of valuing is considered an act of making value judgments, an expression of feeling, or the acquisition of and adherence to a set of principles. **VALERE =** to measure the worth of something. **VALUES AND ETHICS** Values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members. Individually or organizationally, values **determine what is right and what is wrong,** and **doing what is right or wrong** is what we mean by ethics. **ETHICS:** What is "generally considered to be right" **provided by an external source.** Perhaps the first place to look in determining what is right or wrong is society. Virtually every society makes some determination of morally correct behavior. In Islamic countries, a determination of what is right or moral is tied to religious structures. The Ten Commandments, for many people, define what is morally right or wrong. Societies not only regulate the behavior of the members, but also define their societal core values. Experience often has led societies to develop beliefs about what is of value for the common good. One example is the notion of reciprocity. (One good deed deserves another.) Another is the notion of good intent. (A gentleman's word is his bond.) And, third is the notion of appreciation of merit in others regardless of personal feelings. (Give the Devil his due.) **VALUES vs ETHICS** **ETHICS (PROFESSIONAL) -** Set of moral principles, especially ones relating to or affirming a specified group, field, or form of conduct. **VALUES (PERSONAL) --** Principles or standards of behavior. **ETHICS (CAN VARY ACCORDING TO PROFESSIONS) --** Influenced by different professions, organization, institute, etc. **VALUES (CAN VARY TO INDIVIDUALS) --** Influenced by family background, culture, religion, community, etc. **CAUSES OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR** **INDIVIDUAL** - Complexity ethics - Compete for scarce resources/power/position - Conflicting loyalties **GROUP** - Groupthink - Presence of ideologues - Negative organizational response to dissent **3 QUALITIES INDIVIDUALS MUST POSSESS TO MAKE ETHICAL DECISIONS** First is the ability to recognize ethical issues and to reason through the ethical consequences of decisions. The ability to see second and third order effects, one of the elements of strategic thinking, is very important. The second is the ability to at alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of circumstances. This is similar to the ability to reframe. Last is the ability to deal with ambiguity and uncertainty; making a decision on the best information available. **ETHICAL RESPONSES** **EXIT** is the most direct response: if you can't live with behavior that does not mean your own ethical standard leave. **CONSTITUTION** Constitution refers to "the body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are habitually exercised." **CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES** The Constitution of the Philippines may be defined as that **written instrument** by which the **fundamental powers** of the government are ***established, limited, and defined*** and by which these **powers are distributed** among the several departments or ***branches*** for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people. **ARTICLE IV: CITIZENSHIP** **CITIZENSHIP** Legal relationship between a person and a country. **CITIZENSHIP vs NATIONALITY** **NATIONALITY** -- the status of belonging to particular nation. Your nationality is the country you come from, usually in the country where you were born. **CITIZENSHIP --** the status of being citizen. It denotes the link between a person and a state. **MODE OF ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP IN THE PHILIPPINES** - By Birth - By Naturalization **CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH** **JUS SOLI --** Law of the soil **JUS SANGUINIS --** Law of the blood **CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES** **Article 4 Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the following are citizens of the Philippines:** - Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the Constitution; - Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; - Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and - Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. **MODES OF NATURALIZATION** **DIRECT NATURALIZATION** - Administrative Naturalization (RA 9139) - Judicial Naturalization - Legislative Naturalization **DERIVATIVE NATURALIZATION** **DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS** **Hereunder are the important duties and obligation of every citizen in a democracy society.** - To be loyal to the republic - To defend the state - To contribute to the development and welfare of the state - To uphold the constitution and obey the laws - To cooperate with duly constituted authorities - To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others - To engage in gainful work - To register and vote **HOW CAN WE BECOME GOOD CITIZENS** **We can become good citizens by living in accordance with good citizenship values which we can derive from the preamble of the constitution such as;** - Faith in God - Unity - Patriotism - Equality - Peace - Promotion of a Common Good - Concern for the Family and Future Generations - Concern for the Environment and Order **PREAMBLE OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION** We the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and established a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessing of independence and democracy under the rule of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. **THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM** **Lupang Hinirang** - Music was composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe - The lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem "Marcha Nacional", and was translated in Filipino as "Filipinas" written by Jose Palma **HIV AND AIDS: SITUATION, RESPONSES, AND CHALLENGES** **DIED FROMS AIDS** "I am not happy that I am sick. I am not happy that I have AIDS; but if that is helping others, I can at least know that my own misfortune has had some positive worth." -- Rock Hudson Marissa Reynon -- Filipino AIDS activist and educator and the 2^nd^ Filipino to go public with HIV at age 19 in 1994. -- Sarah Jane Salazar The "Dolzura Cortez Story" was the Philippines' first movie on AIDS that provided 'a name and a face' among the recorded lives that were lost to aids in 1992. -- Ma. Dolzura Cortez **AT THE CROSSROADS OF AN EPIDEMIC** The Philippines is one of **ONLY** seven countries in the world where new cases are rising. (The others are Bangladesh, Armenia, Georgia, Kazhakstan, Kyrgyzstan, & Tajikistan) **GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION** **MOST AT RISK AREAS** 1. Metro-Manila 2. Metro-Cebu 3. Metro-Davao **MOST AT RISK AREAS AS OF 2023** **From: HIV/AIDS and ART Registry of the Philippines: April 2023** 1. Metro-Cebu 2. City of Manila 3. Quezon City **MOST AT RISK POPULATION** 1. PIP (People in Prostitution) 2. MSM (Men who have sex with men) 3. IDU (Injecting Drug User) **VULNERABLE POPULATION** 1. MARCY (Most At Risk Children and Young People age 13-24) 2. CSW (Commercial Sex Workers) 3. OFW (Overseas Filipino Workers) **HIV** **HUMAN -** This virus can only infect human beings **IMMUNODEFICIENCY --** The effect of the virus is to create a deficiency (a failure to work properly) within the body's immune system **VIRUS -** This organism is a retro virus, which means it can reproduce itself by taking over the machinery of the human cell **VIRUS** - They are acellular - They reproduce at a fantastic rate, but only in living host cells - They can only infect a certain type of cell - The cast majority of viruses possess either DNA or RNA but not both - They can mutate **HIV INFECTION IN THE BODY** - Helper T cells = CD4+ T cells - CCR5 receptor = the mainline of protection - Restriction 1: killer T cells = CD8+ T - Restriction 2: B cells = B lymphocytes - Mutation will continue.. (superbug) - The body will also continue creating new helper T cells - No CD4+ = AIDS **AIDS** **ACQUIRED --** Gained **IMMUNODEFICIENCY --** Failure or absence of elements of the immune system, including lymphocytes, phagocytes, and the complement system **SYNDROME --** Set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease **ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME** Acute HIV Infection \> Chronic HIV Infection \> ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME **FOUR BODY FLUIDS KNOWN TO TRANSMIT HIV** - Blood - Semen - Vaginal/Cervical Fluid - Breastmilk **HIV TRANSMISSION RISK 1** **Sexual transmission of HIV** **HIV TRANSMISSION RISK 2** **Infected Blood and blood products -** Blood transfusion from an HIV-Infected donor and sharing of infected syringes and needles.  **HIV TRANSMISSION RISK 3** **Mother to Child --** From an HIV-infected mother to her child. During Pregnancy \> Natural Delivery \> Breastfeeding.  **SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS** - Loss of appetite - Loss of weight - Body malaise - Phone to illness - Forgetfulness - Coma **IMPACT ON INDIVIDUALS** - Psychosocial and Emotional - Social exclusion, stigmatization, and isolation - Physical effects (health) - Difficulty finding assistance and support **IMPACT ON THE FAMILY** - Psychological stress caused by anger, sorrow, frustration, and inability to cope with the needs of - Stigmatization and discrimination within the family - Health costs associated with HIV and AIDS -- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) **IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY** - Increased opportunities for violence and other discriminatory acts against PLHIVs in the community - Economic impact on the community - Increased health costs - Loss of productivity **ABCDE OF PREVENTION** **Abstinence --** Do not have sex. In the case of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age of first sexual encounter) will help. **Be monogamous --** Have **ONE** sexual partner. **Correct and consistent use of C**ondom and safer sex practices. **D**o **NOT** inject drugs. **E**ducation & **E**arly detection. **NATIONAL RESPONSE TO HIV AND AIDS** **REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8504** **COMPLETE TITLE** An act promulgating policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council, and for other purposes. **KEY PROVISIONS OF RA 8504** **Article I:** Education and Information **Article II:** Safe Practices and Procedures **Article III:** Testing, Screening, and Counseling **Article IV:** Health and Support Services **Article V:** Monitoring **Article VI:** Confidentiality **Article VII:** Discriminatory Acts and Policies **Article VIII:** The PNAC **MAJOR CHALLENGES TO THE COUNTRY RESPONSE** - Lack of political support (national and local) - Lack of policy guidelines for efficient execution of programs - Monitoring and evaluation challenges - Low funding for HIV and AIDS programs - Low public awareness of the disease **FAMILY PLANNING** **Choosing a Method of Birth Control** 1. Birth Control Pills (Oral Contraceptives) - Reducing egg - Thickening mucus - Thinning the uterus 2. The Condom 3. Withdrawal or Pulling out (Coitus Interruptus) 4. Intrauterine Device (IUD) **MALE AND FEMALE CONDOM**  **CHOOSING A METHOD OF BIRTH CONTROL** 5. Diaphragm 6. Injections 7. Sponge Method 8. Breast Feeding 9. The Rhythm (Calendar) Method 10. The Mucus Method **FEMALE BIRTH CONTROL**  **Female condom Diaphragm**  **Sponge Cervical Cap** **THE STANDARD CALENDAR METHOD**  **THE MUCUS METHOD** **VITAL SIGNS** Vital signs are measurements of the body's basic functions that are essential for life. - Body Temperature - Blood Pressure - Heart Rate - Respiratory Rate **BODY TEMPERATURE** Body Temperature refers to the internal heart of the body, which is regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain. **THE HYPOTHALAMUS**  **NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE** The normal body temperature for humans is around 37 Degrees (98F), but it can vary depending on factors such as age, time of day, and physical activity. **WAYS TO MEASURE BODY TEMPERATURE** - Oral Temperature (tongue) - Axillary Temperature (under arm) - Rectal Temperature (anus) - Tympanic Temperature (ears) - Temporal Temperature (forehead) **TERMS TO REMEMBER** - Afebrile -- not marked by fever - Febrile -- having a fever - Pyrexia -- abnormal raise temperature - Hypothermia = \40 Degress **BLOOD PRESSURE** Blood Pressure is a measure of the force that blood exerts on the walls of your arteries as it flows through them. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two numbers: Systolic (upper) and Diastolic (lower). **NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE** Normal adult systolic pressure is **115-120 mmHg.** Normal adult diastolic pressure is **75-80 mmHg.** Normal blood pressure is **120/80 mmHg.** **WAYS TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSURE** **Sphygmomanometer** - Aneroid (Manual) - Digital **THE HYPOTHALAMUS** - Hypertension = \>140/90 - Hypotension = \30 breaths - Bradypnea -- \