Module 1 Citizenship Training PDF

Module 1: Citizenship Training National Service Training Program Mary Ann S.Umayao In order for the students to appreciate the course, Lesson 1 provides a brief historical background of NSTP specifically Lesson 1: how it became a mandatory co...

Module 1: Citizenship Training National Service Training Program Mary Ann S.Umayao In order for the students to appreciate the course, Lesson 1 provides a brief historical background of NSTP specifically Lesson 1: how it became a mandatory course Historical and under the tertiary curricula and the legal bases it is anchored on. Legal Bases of NSTP Republic Act 9163 or NSTP Law National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. The NSTP Law or Republic Act No. 9163, also known as “An Act Establishing the NSTP for Tertiary-Level Students, Amending for the Purpose Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706 and for Other Purposed” was signed by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002 passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on December 19, 2001. The NSTP Law has made ROTC optional since the first semester of school year 2002-2003 and has allowed students to choose from ROTC, LTS, and CWTS as a requisite for graduation. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA), and other SUCs of similar nature, in view of the special character of these institutions, are NOT covered by the NSTP Law. Who shall take the NSTP? all incoming freshmen students, male and female, enrolled in any baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical-vocational or associate courses, are required to complete one (1) NSTP component of their choices as a graduation requirement. How will the NSTP be taken up? Each of the NSTP components shall be undertaken for an academic period of two (2) semesters and credited for three (3) units per semester with 54 to 90 training hours per semester.  Three Components of NSTP Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) Literacy Training Service (LTS) Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)  Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) Refers to the Program component or activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services Literacy Training Service (LTS) It is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service.  Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) It is a program institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary-level students in order to motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.  Graduates of NSTP Non-ROTC Components All CWTS and LTS graduates will automatically be part of the NSRC or National Service Reserve Corps ROTC Components ROTC graduates will be part of the Citizens' Armed Forces pursuant to Republic Act 7077.  Republic Act No. 7077 Also known as the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act, is a law that provides for the development, administration, organization, training, maintenance and utilization of the Citizen Armed Force of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It was signed into law by Former President Corazon C. Aquino last June 7, 1991. One of the highlights of the law is the mandatory military training for students enrolled in colleges, universities, and similar institutions of learning pursuant to the provisions of the National Defense Act and the 1987 Constitution. Presidential Decree No. 1706, s. 1980 This provides for the compulsory national service of Filipino citizens while amending certain sections of Commonwealth Act No. 1, otherwise known as “The National Defense Act” was signed by Former Ferdinand E. Marcos last August 8, 1980. The said law provides that National Service in this sense shall consist of three main programs name: Civic Welfare Service, Law Enforcement Service; and Military Service.  Commonwealth Act No. 1 Also known as “The National Defense Act” provides for the utilization of the nation's citizens and resources for national defense especially during emergencies. The law specifies that Military Service shall be obligatory for all citizens of the republic. It was signed into law last December 21, 1935 by the Philippine National Assembly during the Commonwealth Period.  Lesson 2: 1987 Philippine Constitution Philippine Statesman Norberto Romualdez (1875- 1941) has said that even in ancient times, the Filipino people manifested high intelligence which showed in their early forms of legislation. Even back then, Filipinos are characterized as being humane, just, and fair.  The Preamble The Preamble is derived from the Latin word “praeambulus” which is loosely translated to mean “walking before,” but of course, it doesn’t mean that it is referring to a walking document. The Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution is one of the world’s longest, yet it speaks about the values, ideals, and aspirations of the Filipino people.  The Philippine Constitution The Philippine government has undergone various changes to its constitution throughout our history, beginning with the 1899 Malolos Constitution, then the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, followed by the Jones Law of 1916, the 1935 constitution and its amendment in the same year, the 1943 Constitution, the post-World War II constitution of 1973, the 1986 Freedom Constitution, and then finally, the 1987 Constitution, of which is still in use today. The 1987 Constitution was ratified during the term of President Corazon C. Aquino, and contains eighteen (18) articles that aim to answer most, if not all, the demands of the Filipino people for a just, humane, educated society.  Article III - Bill of Rights As the government is recognized as a force on its own, the Bill of Rights, therefore, was created to limit this power by outlining and guaranteeing to law the rights of every citizen in the country that the government cannot trample over. It has 22 sections with provisions that serve as our protection against violations from the government and any individual.  Article III - Bill of Rights As the government is recognized as a force on its own, the Bill of Rights, therefore, was created to limit this power by outlining and guaranteeing to law the rights of every citizen in the country that the government cannot trample over. It has 22 sections with provisions that serve as our protection against violations from the government and any individual.  Duties and Responsibilities of a Filipino Citizen 1. Defend our country from enemies and invaders. 2. Pay his/her taxes willingly and promptly. 3. Be loyal to our country. 4. Take care and conserve our natural resources. 5. Help our country for growth and development. 6. Keep our surroundings clean. 7. Study well and become a productive individual. 8. Obey the laws and maintain peace and order in the community. 9. Preserve the Filipino culture and identity. 10. Participate actively in various government programs. 11. Vote wisely and choose candidates who can serve the people and our country. 12. Respect the rights of others. Human rights are universal, Lesson 3: United Nations and no one in the world should Principles on Human be deprived of their natural Rights rights. Regardless of where they live in the world, gender, race, sexual orientation, religious, cultural, or ethnic backgrounds; human rights are mandated by the United Nations to be “inalienable; indivisible; interdependent and interrelated.” Understanding Human Rights As defined by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) , human rights are rights that we have because we simply exist; they should not be determined or granted by the whims of any form of government. As humans, we have the right to access food, shelter, education, work, health, and freedom, among others, regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. The International Bill of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 is recognized as the first legal document recognizing the protection of human rights. It is composed of 30 articles that meticulously detail the freedoms of each individual, of which states and other forms of governing power are not allowed to infringe upon.  List of Rights In the area of civil and political rights:  List of Rights In the area of economic, social and cultural rights  List of Rights In the area of collective rights:  List of Rights Other collective rights:  Lesson 4: Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines The flag is the country’s most cherished symbol. It is the nation’s emblem for freedom. It symbolizes patriotism, love of country and sense of nationhood and embodies the aspirations and sentiments of the Filipino people in their unceasing quest for independence. It stands as instrument of unity that binds the Filipino people.  History of the Philippine Flag The Philippine flag as we know it right now was designed by General Emilio Aguinaldo, the president of the revolutionary government, in his exile to Hong Kong in 1897. Aguinaldo believed that having our own national flag and national anthem would inspire Filipinos to fight against the Spanish colonizers in the second phase of the Philippine Revolution. The first flag was sewn by Marcela Marino de Agoncillo with the help of her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, the niece of Jose Rizal, at 535 Morrison Hill Road in Hong Kong. Agoncillo herself painted the sun, which had a face, and the three stars on the white triangle. (NCAA, 2012) It was then handed over to Aguinaldo on his way back to the Philippines on May 17, 1898. It arrived to the Philippines on May 19, 1898. Before it was officially declared the country’s national flag on June 12, 1898 in Kawit, Cavite, the flag had already been presented to the public in other parts of the country. Then again on May 28, 1898, Aguinaldo waved the flag in Cavite City to recognize the victory of the Filipinos in the Battle of Alapan in Imus, Cavite, and this date has since become the historical basis for declaring May 28 as National Flag Day Republic Act No. 8491, s. 1998 This act is titled the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines,” which prescribes the code of the National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of- Arms, and Other Heraldic items and devices of the Philippines. This law mandates that reverence and respect shall at all times be given to the flag, the anthem, the national motto, the coat-of-arms, and other national symbols which “embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity.” Protocol on the Philippine Flag and National Anthem Displaying the flag on buildings Flags displayed outside a building must be at a prominent location in relation to surrounding buildings. Flags can be hung from a staff projecting upward from a wall, window, roof, or balcony or suspended from rope to a pole erected away from a building. Displaying the flag in times of peace and war If the flag is displayed on a flagpole, it shall have the blue field on top in times of peace and the red field on top in times of war. If the flag is hanging vertically, the sun and stars should be on top while the blue field should be on the left in times of peace and on the right in times of war. (In times of peace, red is right) Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony When to raise and lower the flag in government offices, schools, and private institutions Government offices, primary and secondary schools, and private institutions who fly the Philippine flag on a flagpole in their compound must observe the flag raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony every Friday afternoon. Half-Mast Rule The flag must be raised to the top of the pole before it is lowered to the half-mast position; and before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top again. The national flag is flown at half-mast on national days of mourning, or during the anniversaries of heroes, national calamities, or international solemnity, as ordered by the president. Casket The national flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead, as recognized by the state. When positioning the flag, the white triangle must be at the head of the casket, while the blue field must cover the right side. To prevent the flag from falling off, a black band may be wrapped along the side of the casket. Before lowering the casket, the flag must be folded and handed to the heirs of the deceased. The national flag must not be lowered into the grave or be allowed to touch the ground. The proper way of folding the Philippine national flag The flag must be handled by two people on opposite ends of the flag (1). The blue field must be aligned to the left-hand side of the person standing at the head of the flag (where the sun is), before it is folded over (2) Flipping it over, the blue field of the flag must look like the photo above (3). Another fold must be made quartering the flag lengthwise, completely hiding the red field (4). One end of the flag must be folded diagonally to form a small triangle. Then repeatedly folded the same way keeping the triangular shape intact. (5) The folded flag must have one of the stars and only a silver of the blue field visible (6)  Pledge to the Flag According to Republic Act 8491 Section 25, the pledge to the flag should be recited while standing with the right-hand palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.  Prohibited Acts on the Use of the Flag Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 8491 Section 39: It shall be prohibited: a. To mutilate deface, trample on, cast contempt, or commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon the National Flag or over its surface; b. To dip the National Flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute; c. To use the National Flag: 1. As drapery, festoon, tablecloth; 2. As covering for ceiling, walls, statues or other objects; 3. As pennant on the hood, side, back, and top of the motor vehicles; 4. As a staff or whip; 5. For unveiling monuments and statues; and 6. As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs. d. To display the National Flag: 1. Under any painting or picture; 2. Horizontally, it shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely; 3. Below any platform; or 4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints, and places of vice or where frivolity prevails. e. To wear the National Flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform; f. To add any word figure, mark, picture, design, drawing, advertisement, or imprint of any nature on the National Flag; g. To print, paint, or attach representation of the National Flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and articles of merchandise; h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic establishments, and in offices of international organizations; i. To use or display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and j. To display the National Flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.  The Philippine National Anthem Protocol dictates that as a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over the left side of their chest.  The National Motto The National Motto of the Philippines is “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.” This was derived from the last four lines of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag and was ratified on Feb. 12, 1998 under Republic Act No. 8491, the Philippine Flag and Heraldic Code, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos.  National Coat-of-Arms The National Coat-of-Arms as provided in Republic Act 8491 shall have: Two paleways, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three mullets at an equal distance from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall be a scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines inscribed.  The Great Seal The Great Seal is declared to be in circular in form, with the arms as described in the Coat of Arms, but without the scroll and the inscription. Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines shall not be deemed essential but tincture representation must be used. The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto  Penalties SECTION 48. This section details the penalties appropriate for the failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation of the corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President. But violators will be afforded the proper notice and hearing, and penalized by “public censure” which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation. SECTION 50. Any person or juridical entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000) not more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, that for any second and additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, that in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.  Lesson 5: Good Citizenship Values In a speech by former American president Theodore Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) he said, "The first requisite of a good citizen is that he or she shall be able and willing to pull his own weight, that he shall not be a mere passenger, but shall do his share in the work that each generation of us finds ready to hand. Furthermore, in doing his work he shall show, not only the capacity for sturdy self-help, but also respecting the rights of others.  Good Citizenship Values are grouped into the following: Pagkamaka-Diyos Pagkamaka-Tao Pagkamaka-Kalikasan Pagkamaka-Bayan  Pagkamaka-Diyos Faith in the Almighty Just as the body is dead without breath, so also faith is dead without good works. James 2:26 Respect for Life So God created mankind in his own image,in the image of God he created them; male and female, he created them. Genesis 1:27  Order Order is the sanity of the mind, the health of the body, the peace of the city, the security of the state. Like beams in a house or bones to a body, so is order to all things. -Robert Southey Work Six days you shall labor and do all your works; on the seventh day you shall rest. Exodus 20:9-10 Concern for the Family and Future Generations From the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female’ and said, ‘For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.” Matthew 19:4-7  Pagkamaka-Tao Love Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; Love is not ill mannered or selfish and irritable; love does not keep a record of the wrongs; love is not happy with evil but delights in the truth. Love never gives up. Love never fails. Love is eternal…There are faith, hope and love and the greatest of these is Love. 1 Corinthians 13 Freedom Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought. Pope John Paul II  Peace Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. Matthew. 5:9 Truth “If you remain in My word, you will truly be my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free John 8:31-32 Justice Treat others the way you want to have them treat you Matthew 7:12  Pagkamaka-Bayan Unity If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand Mark 3:24-25 Equality Then God said: Let us make mankind in our image, after our likeness. Genesis 1:26  Respect for Law and Government Where law ends, tyranny begins William Pitt Patriotism “Patriotism is not a short outburst of emotions but a lifetime of dedication. Adlai E. Stevenson Promotion of the Common Good All who believed were together and had all things in common; they would sell their property and possessions and divide them among all according to each one’s need. Acts 2:44-45  Pagkamaka-Kalikasan Concern for the Environment Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and the cattle, and over all the wild animals and all the creatures that crawl on the ground. Genesis 1:26 For 200 years we’ve been conquering Nature. Now we’re beating it to death. Tom McMillan  Lesson 6: Voter Citizenship Education Since NSTP focuses on citizenship training, it’s crucial to prioritize voter education, particularly among the youth, to ensure future elections are fair and clean. In the Philippines, young voters play a big impact on the country’s elections as over half the voting population, or about 23 million votes, are from the youth sector (Buchenbacher, K., 2019). Beyond just voting, young people need to grasp their responsibility in selecting leaders and understanding the qualities of the candidates they choose to support.  The Right of Suffrage The human right to vote is embodied in three instruments: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the 1987 Philippine Constitution.  Article 21 (1-3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (December 10, 1948) 1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives; 2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country; 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of the government. This will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.  The Value of your Vote The Commission on Higher Education emphasizes that every voter must value their vote: 1. Equal chance for a vote, whether rich or poor 2. Guaranteed opportunity to participate 3. It is priceless Your Vote will mean: 1. Better services from executive 2. Better policies and laws from the legislative 3. A brighter future for us, FILIPINOS.  Why is it Important to choose Good Leaders? Elected candidates have access to public resources which can be used for the betterment of all, and not just a select few. Those we elect become in-charge of deciding our needs as citizens, and give priority to the most important issues that directly affect us, and properly allocate resources needed to address these issues. Those we elect also become visible role models that help shape attitudes, because we see them every day. When good leaders are elected into influential positions, they want to unite rather than divide the people. Our elected officials form our conscience as a people. They embody our judgments and aspirations.  Why we should cast our Votes during Elections? It is during the elections where we as citizens determine who is able to make decisions and wield the power they were handed to make a positive difference for the country for years to come. Our decision on who to put in power is of national significance. Exercising our right to choose our leaders, at the very least, gives us HOPE that we CAN choose good people to be our leaders, and having good people in government will assure us that our needs and welfare will be addressed and safeguarded. When we utilize our power to vote, we will have proven to ourselves that we are ready to face our destiny as a people and, indeed, be responsible for the welfare of our nation. What must we do Register or revalidate your registration Encourage your friends to register and to revalidate their registration. Help educate your friends. Cast your vote Watch the count “The best way for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing.” – Voters Education Program National Youth Commission.