National Security Strategy of the United States of America 2017 PDF

National Security Strategy of the United States of America D E C E M B E R 2017 1  T H E W H I T E HOUSE WA S H I N G T O N , D C My fellow Americans: The American people elect...

National Security Strategy of the United States of America D E C E M B E R 2017 1  T H E W H I T E HOUSE WA S H I N G T O N , D C My fellow Americans: The American people elected me to make America great again. I promised that my Administration would put the safety, interests, and well-being of our citizens first. I pledged that we would revitalize the American economy, rebuild our military, defend our borders, protect our sovereignty, and advance our values. During my first year in office, you have witnessed my America First foreign policy in action. We are prioritizing the interests of our citizens and protecting our sovereign rights as a nation. America is leading again on the world stage. We are not hiding from the challenges we face. We are confronting them head-on and pursuing opportunities to promote the security and prosperity of all Americans. The United States faces an extraordinarily dangerous world, fi lled with a wide range of threats that have intensified in recent years. When I came into office, rogue regimes were developing nuclear weapons and missiles to threaten the entire planet. Radical Islamist terror groups were flourishing. Terrorists had taken control of vast swaths of the Middle East. Rival powers were aggressively undermining American interests around the globe. At home, porous borders and unenforced immigration laws had created a host of vulnerabilities. Criminal cartels were bringing drugs and danger into our communities. Unfair trade practices had weakened our economy and exported our jobs overseas. Unfair burden-sharing with our allies and inadequate investment in our own defense had invited danger from those who wish us harm. Too many Americans had lost trust in our government, faith in our future, and confidence in our values. Nearly one year later, although serious challenges remain, we are charting a new and very different course. We are rallying the world against the rogue regime in North Korea and confronting the danger posed by the dictatorship in Iran, which those determined to pursue a flawed nuclear deal had neglected. We have renewed our friendships in the Middle East and partnered with regional leaders to help drive out terrorists and extremists, cut off their financing, and discredit their wicked ideology. We crushed Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) terrorists on the battlefields of Syria and Iraq, and will continue pursuing them until they are destroyed. America’s allies are now contributing more to our common defense, strengthening even our strongest alliances. We have also continued to make clear that the United States will no longer tolerate economic aggression or unfair trading practices. At home, we have restored confidence in America’s purpose. We have recommitted ourselves to our founding principles and to the values that have made our families, communities, and society so successful. Jobs are coming back and our economy is growing. We are making historic investments in the United States military. We are enforcing our borders, building trade relationships based on fairness and reciprocity, and defending America’s sovereignty without apology. I  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY The whole world is lifted by America’s renewal and the reemergence of American leadership. After one year, the world knows that America is prosperous, America is secure, and America is strong. We will bring about the better future we seek for our people and the world, by confronting the challenges and dangers posed by those who seek to destabilize the world and threaten America’s people and interests. My Administration’s National Security Strategy lays out a strategic vision for protecting the American people and preserving our way of life, promoting our prosperity, preserving peace through strength, and advancing American inf luence in the world. We will pursue this beautiful vision—a world of strong, sovereign, and independent nations, each with its own cultures and dreams, thriving side- by-side in prosperity, freedom, and peace—throughout the upcoming year. In pursuit of that future, we will look at the world with clear eyes and fresh thinking. We will promote a balance of power that favors the United States, our allies, and our partners. We will never lose sight of our values and their capacity to inspire, uplift, and renew. Most of all, we will serve the American people and uphold their right to a government that prioritizes their security, their prosperity, and their interests. This National Security Strategy puts America First. President Donald J. Trump The White House December 2017 II  Table of Contents Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1 Protect the American People, the Homeland, PILLAR I: and the American Way of Life.................................................................................. 7 Secure U.S. Borders and Territory................................................................................................................................................8 Defend Against Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).................................................................................................... 8 Combat Biothreats and Pandemics.......................................................................................................................................... 9 Strengthen Border Control and Immigration Policy........................................................................................................... 9 Pursue Th reats to Their Source....................................................................................................................................................10 Defeat Jihadist Terrorists..........................................................................................................................................................10 Dismantle Transnational Criminal Organizations............................................................................................................11 Keep America Safe in the Cyber Era........................................................................................................................................ 12 Promote American Resilience.......................................................................................................................................................14 PILLAR II: Promote American Prosperity..........................................................17 Rejuvenate the Domestic Economy...........................................................................................................................................18 Promote Free, Fair, and Reciprocal Economic Relationships................................................................................19 Lead in Research, Technology, Invention, and Innovation..................................................................................... 20 Promote and Protect the U.S. National Security Innovation Base......................................................................21 Embrace Energy Dominance........................................................................................................................................................ 22 PILLAR III: Preserve Peace through Strength..............................................25 Renew America’s Competitive Advantages........................................................................................................................ 26 Renew Capabilities............................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Military......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Defense Industrial Base............................................................................................................................................................ 29 Nuclear Forces............................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Space...............................................................................................................................................................................................31 Cyberspace....................................................................................................................................................................................31 Intelligence................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 V  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY Diplomacy and Statecraft................................................................................................................................................................ 33 Competitive Diplomacy............................................................................................................................................................ 33 Tools of Economic Diplomacy................................................................................................................................................. 34 Information Statecraft.............................................................................................................................................................. 34 P I L L A R I V: Advance American Influence............................................................37 Encourage Aspiring Partners....................................................................................................................................................... 38 Achieve Better Outcomes in Multilateral Forums......................................................................................................... 40 Champion American Values.......................................................................................................................................................... 41 The Strategy in a Regional Context................................................................45 Indo-Pacific................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 Europe.............................................................................................................................................................................................................47 Middle East................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 South and Central Asia...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Western Hemisphere...........................................................................................................................................................................51 Africa.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52 Conclusion............................................................................................................................ 55 VI  Introduction An America that is safe, prosperous, and free at home is an America with the strength, confidence, and will to lead abroad. It is an America that can pre- serve peace, uphold liberty, and create enduring advantages for the American people. Putt ing America fi rst is the duty of our government and the foun- dation for U.S. leadership in the world. A strong America is in the vital interests of not only the American people, but also those around the world who want to partner with the United States in pursuit of shared interests, values, and aspirations. Th is National Security Strategy puts America first. A n A merica First Nationa l Securit y Strategy is based on American prin- ciples, a clear-eyed assessment of U.S. interests, and a determination to tackle the chal- separating Federal powers, and protecting the rights of individuals through the rule of law. All political power is ultimately delegated from, and accountable to, the people. lenges that we face. It is a strategy of principled We protect American sovereignty by defending realism that is guided by outcomes, not ideology. these institutions, traditions, and principles that It is based upon the view that peace, security, and have allowed us to live in freedom, to build the nation prosperity depend on strong, sovereign nations that respect their citizens at home and cooper- that we love. And we prize our national heritage, for ate to advance peace abroad. And it is grounded the rare and fragile institutions of republican gov- in the realization that American principles are ernment can only endure if they are sustained by a a lasting force for good in the world. culture that cherishes those institutions. “We the People” is America’s source of strength. Liberty and independence have given us the flour- ishing society Americans enjoy today—a vibrant The United States was born of a desire for life, lib- and confident Nation, welcoming of disagree- erty, and the pursuit of happiness—and a convic- ment and differences, but united by the bonds tion that unaccountable political power is tyr- of history, culture, beliefs, and principles that anny. For these reasons, our Founders crafted and define who we are. ratified the Constitution, establishing the repub- lican form of government we enjoy today. The We are proud of our roots and honor the wisdom of Constitution grants our national government not the past. We are committed to protecting the rights only specified powers necessary to protect our and dignity of every citizen. And we are a nation of God-given rights and liberties but also safeguards laws, because the rule of law is the shield that pro- them by limiting the government’s size and scope, tects the individual from government corruption 1  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY and abuse of power, allows families to live with- power with enormous advantages and momen- out fear, and permits markets to thrive. tum in the world. Success, however, bred com- placency. A belief emerged, among many, that Our founding principles have made the United American power would be unchallenged and self– States of America among the greatest forces for sustaining. The United States began to drift. We good in history. But we are also aware that we experienced a crisis of confidence and surren- must protect and build upon our accomplish- dered our advantages in key areas. As we took ments, always conscious of the fact that the inter- our political, economic, and military advan- ests of the American people constitute our true tages for granted, other actors steadily imple- North Star. mented their long-term plans to challenge America America’s achievements and standing in the world and to advance agendas opposed to the United were neither inevitable nor accidental. On many States, our allies, and our partners. occasions, Americans have had to compete with We stood by while countries exploited the interna- adversarial forces to preserve and advance our tional institutions we helped to build. They subsi- security, prosperity, and the principles we hold dized their industries, forced technology transfers, dear. At home, we fought the Civil War to end slav- and distorted markets. These and other actions ery and preserve our Union in the long strug- challenged America’s economic security. At home, gle to extend equal rights for all Americans. In excessive regulations and high taxes stifled growth the course of the bloodiest century in human his- and weakened free enterprise—history’s great- tory, millions of Americans fought, and hun- est antidote to poverty. Each time government dreds of thousands lost their lives, to defend lib- encroached on the productive activities of private erty in two World Wars and the Cold War. America, commerce, it threatened not only our prosperity with our allies and partners, defeated fascism, but also the spirit of creation and innovation that imperialism, and Soviet communism and elimi- has been key to our national greatness. nated any doubts about the power and durability of republican democracy when it is sustained by a free, proud, and unified people. A Competitive World The United States consolidated its militar y victories with political and economic triumphs The United States will respond to the growing built on market economies and fair trade, dem- political, economic, and military competitions we ocratic principles, and shared security partner- face around the world. ships. American political, business, and military China and Russia challenge American power, influ- leaders worked together with their counterparts ence, and interests, attempting to erode American in Europe and Asia to shape the post-war order security and prosperity. They are determined to through the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, the make economies less free and less fair, to grow North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and their militaries, and to control information and other institutions designed to advance our shared data to repress their societies and expand their interests of security, freedom, and peace. We recog- influence. At the same time, the dictatorships of nize the invaluable advantages that our strong rela- the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the tionships with allies and partners deliver. Islamic Republic of Iran are determined to desta- Following the remarkable victory of free nations in bilize regions, threaten Americans and our allies, the Cold War, America emerged as the lone super- and brutalize their own people. Transnational 2  INTRODUCTION threat groups, from jihadist terrorists to transna- in combination with other elements of national tional criminal organizations, are actively trying power, is ready to protect Americans against to harm Americans. While these challenges dif- sophisticated challenges to national security. fer in nature and magnitude, they are fundamen- The contest over information accelerates these tally contests between those who value human political, economic, and military competitions. dignity and freedom and those who oppress Data, like energy, will shape U.S. economic prosper- individuals and enforce uniformity. ity and our future strategic position in the world. These competitions require the United States The ability to harness the power of data is fun- to rethink the policies of the past two decades—poli- damental to the continuing growth of America’s cies based on the assumption that engagement with economy, prevailing against hostile ideologies, rivals and their inclusion in international insti- and building and deploying the most effective tutions and global commerce would turn them military in the world. into benign actors and trustworthy partners. For We learned the difficult lesson that when America the most part, this premise turned out to be false. does not lead, malign actors fill the void to the dis- Rival actors use propaganda and other means to try advantage of the United States. When America to discredit democracy. They advance anti-Western does lead, however, from a position of strength views and spread false information to create divi- and confidence and in accordance with our inter- ests and values, all benefit. sions among ourselves, our allies, and our partners. In addition, jihadist terrorists such as ISIS and Competition does not always mean hostility, nor al-Qa’ida continue to spread a barbaric ideology does it inevitably lead to conflict—although none that calls for the violent destruction of governments should doubt our commitment to defend our inter- and innocents they consider to be apostates. These ests. An America that successfully competes is the jihadist terrorists attempt to force those under best way to prevent conflict. Just as American weak- their inf luence to submit to Sharia law. ness invites challenge, American strength and con- fidence deters war and promotes peace. America’s military remains the strongest in the world. However, U.S. advantages are shrinking as rival states modernize and build up their con- ventional and nuclear forces. Many actors can An America First now field a broad arsenal of advanced missiles, National Security Strategy including variants that can reach the American homeland. Access to technology empowers and The competitions and rivalries facing the United emboldens otherwise weak states. North Korea—a States are not passing trends or momentary prob- lems. They are intertwined, long-term challenges country that starves its own people—has spent that demand our sustained national attention and hundreds of millions of dollars on nuclear, chem- commitment. ical, and biological weapons that could threaten our homeland. In addition, many actors have America possesses unmatched political, eco- become skilled at operating below the thresh- nomic, military, and technological advantages. old of military conf lict—challenging the United But to maintain these advantages, build upon our States, our allies, and our partners with hostile strengths, and unleash the talents of the American actions cloaked in deniability. Our task is to ensure people, we must protect four vital national inter- that American military superiority endures, and ests in this competitive world. 3  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY First , ou r f u nda menta l responsibilit y is to ty ranny. We can play a catalytic role in promoting protect the American people, the homeland, private-sector-led economic growth, helping aspir- and the American way of life. We will strengthen ing partners become future trading and security control of our borders and reform our immigra- partners. And we will remain a generous nation, tion system. We will protect our critical infrastruc- even as we expect others to share responsibility. ture and go after malicious cyber actors. A layered Strengthening our sovereignty—the first duty of missile defense system will defend our homeland a government is to serve the interests of its own against missile attacks. And we will pursue threats people—is a necessary condition for protecting to their source, so that jihadist terrorists are these four national interests. And as we strengthen stopped before they ever reach our borders. our sovereignty we will renew confidence in our- Second, we will promote American prosperity. selves as a nation. We are proud of our history, We will rejuvenate the American economy for optimistic about America’s future, and confident the benefit of American workers and companies. of the positive example the United States offers to We will insist upon fair and reciprocal economic the world. We are also realistic and understand relationships to address trade imbalances. The that the American way of life cannot be imposed United States must preserve our lead in research upon others, nor is it the inevitable culmination and technology and protect our economy from of progress. Together with our allies, partners, competitors who unfairly acquire our intellec- and aspiring partners, the United States will pur- tual property. And we will embrace America’s sue cooperation with reciprocity. Cooperation energy dominance because unleashing abundant means sharing responsibilities and burdens. energy resources stimulates our economy. In trade, fair and reciprocal relationships ben- efit all with equal levels of market access and Third, we will preserve peace through strength opportunities for economic growth. An America by rebuilding our military so that it remains pre- First National Security Strategy appreciates that eminent, deters our adversaries, and if necessary, America will catalyze conditions to unleash eco- is able to fight and win. We will compete with all nomic success for America and the world. tools of national power to ensure that regions of the world are not dominated by one power. We In the United States, free men and women have will strengthen America’s capabilities—includ- created the most just and prosperous nation in ing in space and cyberspace—and revitalize oth- history. Our generation of Americans is now ers that have been neglected. Allies and partners charged with preserving and defending that magnify our power. We expect them to shoul- precious inheritance. This National Security der a fair share of the burden of responsibil- Strategy shows the way. ity to protect against common threats. Fourth, we will advance American inf luence because a world that supports American inter- ests and reflects our values makes America more secure and prosperous. We will compete and lead in multilateral organizations so that American interests and principles are protected. America’s commitment to liberty, democracy, and the rule of law serves as an inspiration for those living under 4  PILLAR I Protect the American People, the Homeland, and the American Way of Life “We will defend our country, protect our communities, and put the safety of the American people first.” PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP | J U LY 2 0 1 7 T his National Security Strategy begins omy. They steal and exploit our intellectual prop- with the determination to protect the erty and personal data, interfere in our political American people, the American way processes, target our aviation and maritime sec- of life, and American interests. Americans have tors, and hold our critical infrastructure at risk. long recognized the benefits of an interconnected All of these actions threaten the foundations of world, where information and commerce f low the American way of life. Reestablishing lawful freely. Engaging with the world, however, does control of our borders is a first step toward pro- not mean the United States should abandon its tecting the American homeland and strengthen- rights and duties as a sovereign state or compro- ing American sovereignty. mise its security. Openness also imposes costs, We must prevent nuclear, chemical, radiological, since adversaries exploit our free and demo- and biological attacks, block terrorists from reach- cratic system to harm the United States. ing our homeland, reduce drug and human traf- North Korea seeks the capability to kill millions of ficking, and protect our critical infrastructure. Americans with nuclear weapons. Iran supports We must also deter, disrupt, and defeat poten- terrorist groups and openly calls for our destruc- tial threats before they reach the United States. tion. Jihadist terrorist organizations such as ISIS We will target jihadist terrorists and transna- and al-Qa’ida are determined to att ack the United tional criminal organizations at their source and States and radicalize Americans with their hate- dismantle their networks of support. ful ideology. Non-state actors undermine social We must also take steps to respond quickly to meet order through drug and human trafficking net- the needs of the American people in the event of works, which they use to commit violent crimes natural disaster or attack on our homeland. We and kill thousands of American each year. must build a culture of preparedness and resilience Adversaries target sources of American strength, across our governmental functions, critical infra- including our democratic system and our econ- structure, and economic and political systems. 7  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY Secure U.S. Borders Priority Actions and Territory ENHANCE MISSILE DEFENSE: The United States is deploying a layered missile defense system State and non-state actors place the safety of the focused on North Korea and Iran to defend our American people and the Nation’s economic homeland against missile attacks. This system vitality at risk by exploiting vulnerabilities will include the ability to defeat missile threats across the land, air, maritime, space, and cyber- prior to launch. Enhanced missile defense is space domains. Adversaries constantly evolve not intended to undermine strategic stabil- their methods to threaten the United States and ity or disrupt longstanding strategic relation- our citizens. We must be agile and adaptable. ships with Russia or China. DETECT AND DISRUPT WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION: Defend Against Weapons At our borders and within our territory, we will of Mass Destruction (WMD) bolster efforts to detect nuclear, chemical, radio- logical, and biological agents and keep them from The danger from hostile state and non-state actors being used against us. We will also better inte- who are trying to acquire nuclear, chemical, radio- grate intelligence, law enforce- logical, and biological weapons is ment, and emergency manage- increasing. The Syrian regime’s ment operations to ensure that use of chemical weapons against frontline defenders have the its own citizens undermines Strengthening control right information and capabili- internationa l norms against over our borders and ties to respond to WMD threats these heinous weapons, which immigration system is from state and non-state actors. may encourage more actors to central to national security, pursue and use them. ISIS has ENHANCE COUNTERPROLIFERATION used chemical weapons in Iraq economic prosperity, and MEASURES: Building on decades and Syria. Terrorist groups con- the rule of law. of i n it i at ive s , we w i l l au g - tinue to pursue WMD-related ment measures to secure, materials. We would face grave el i m i n at e , a n d pr event t he danger if terrorists obtained spread of W M D a nd related inadequately secured nuclear, materials, their delivery sys- rad iologica l, or biologica l materia l. tems, technologies, and knowledge to reduce the chance that they might fall into the hands As missiles grow in numbers, types, and effec- of hostile actors. We will hold state and non- tiveness, to include those with greater ranges, state actors accountable for the use of WMD. they are the most likely means for states like North Korea to use a nuclear weapon against TARG ET WM D TE R RORISTS: We will direct coun- the United States. North Korea is also pursuing terterrorism operations against terrorist WMD chemical and biological weapons which could specialists, financiers, administrators, and facilita- also be delivered by missile. China and Russia tors. We will work with allies and partners to detect are developing advanced weapons and capabil- and disrupt plots. ities that could threaten our critical infrastruc- ture and our command and control architecture. 8 P I L L A R I : P R O T E C T T H E A M E R I C A N P E O P L E , T H E H O M E L A N D , A N D T H E A M E R I C A N WA Y O F L I F E Combat Biothreats and Pandemics fied coordination systems to rapidly character- ize outbreaks, implement public health contain- Biological incidents have the potential to cause ment measures to limit the spread of disease, catastrophic loss of life. Biological threats to the a nd prov ide su rge med ica l ca re —includ ing U.S. homeland—whether as the result of deliberate life-saving treatments. attack, accident, or a natural outbreak—are growing and require actions to address them at their source. Strengthen Border Control Naturally emerging outbreaks of viruses such as and Immigration Policy Ebola and SARS, as well as the deliberate 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, demon- Strengthening control over our borders and strated the impact of biological threats on national immigration system is central to national secu- security by taking lives, generating economic rity, economic prosperity, and the rule of law. losses, and contributing to a loss of confidence in Terrorists, drug traffickers, and criminal car- government institutions. tels exploit porous borders and threaten U.S. security and public safety. These actors adapt Advancements in life sciences that benefit our quickly to outpace our defenses. health, economy, and society also open up new ave- nues to actors who want to cause harm. Dedicated The United States affirms our sovereign right to state actors are likely to develop more advanced determine who should enter our country and bioweapons, and these capabilities may become under what circumstances. The United States available to malicious non-state actors as well. understands the contributions immigrants have made to our Nation throughout its history. Illegal immigration, however, burdens the economy, Priority Actions hurts American workers, presents public safety DETECT AND CONTAIN BIOTHREATS AT THEIR SOURCE: risks, and enriches smugglers and other criminals. We will work with other countries to detect The United States recognizes that decisions about and mitigate outbreaks early to prevent the who to legally admit for residency, citizenship, or spread of disease. We will encourage other coun- otherwise are among the most important a coun- tries to invest in basic health care systems and try has to make. The United States will continue to strengthen global health security across the to welcome lawful immigrants who do not pose intersection of human and animal health to pre- a security threat and whose entry is consistent vent infectious disease outbreaks. And we will with the national interest, while at the same time work with partners to ensure that laboratories enhancing the screening and vetting of travelers, that handle dangerous pathogens have in place closing dangerous loopholes, revising outdated safety and security measures. laws, and eliminating easily exploited vulnera- bilities. We will also reform our current immi- SUPPORT BIOMEDICAL INNOVATION: We will protect gration system, which, contrary to our national and support advancements in biomedical inno- interest and national security, allows for random- vation by strengthening the intellectual prop- ized entry and extended-family chain migration. erty system that is the foundation of the biomedi- Residency and citizenship determinations should cal industry. be based on individuals’ merits and their ability IMPROVE EMERGENCY RESPONSE: At home, we will to positively contribute to U.S. society, rather than strengthen our emergency response and uni- chance or extended family connections. 9  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY Priority Actions Pursue Threats ENHANCE BORDER SECURIT Y: We will secure our to Their Source borders th rough the constr uction of a bor- der wall, the use of multilayered defenses and There is no perfect defense against the range of advanced technology, the employment of addi- threats facing our homeland. That is why America tional personnel, and other measures. The U.S. must, alongside allies and partners, stay on the Government will work with foreign partners to offensive against those violent non-state groups deter, detect, and disrupt suspicious individuals that target the United States and our allies. well before they enter the United States. The primary transnational threats Americans face The U.S. Government will E N H A N C E V E T TI N G : are from jihadist terrorists and transnational crim- enhance vetting of prospective immigrants, ref- inal organizations. Although their objectives differ, ugees, and other foreign visitors to identify indi- these actors pose some common challenges. First, viduals who might pose a risk to national secu- they exploit our open society. Second, they often rity or public safety. We will set higher security operate in loose confederations and adapt rapidly. standards to ensure that we keep dangerous peo- Th ird, they rely on encrypted communication and ple out of the United States and enhance our the dark web to evade detection as they plot, recruit, information collection and analysis to identify finance, and execute their operations. Fourth, they those who may already be within our borders. thrive under conditions of state weakness and prey on the vulnerable as they accelerate the break- We will enforce E N FO R C E I M M I G R AT I O N L AWS : down of rules to create havens from which to plan immigration laws, both at the border and in the and launch attacks on the United States, our allies, interior, to provide an effective deterrent to illegal and our partners. Fifth, some are sheltered and immigration. The apprehension and swift removal supported by states and do their bidding. of illegal aliens at the border is critical to an effective border security strategy. We must also increase efforts to identify and counter fraud in the immi- Defeat Jihadist Terrorists gration process, which undermines the integrity Jihadist terrorist organizations present the most of our immigration system, exploits vulnerable dangerous terrorist threat to the Nation. America, individuals, and creates national security risks. alongside our allies and partners, is fighting a long We w ill B O L S T E R T R A N S P O R TAT I O N S E C U R I T Y: war against these fanatics who advance a totali- improve information sharing across our gov- tarian vision for a global Islamist caliphate that ernment and with foreign partners to enhance justifies murder and slavery, promotes repres- the security of the pathways through which peo- sion, and seeks to undermine the American way ple and goods enter the country. We will invest in of life. Jihadist terrorists use virtual and physical technology to counter emerging threats to our avi- networks around the world to radicalize isolated ation, surface, and maritime transportation sec- individuals, exploit vulnerable populations, and tors. We will also work with international and inspire and direct plots. industry partners to raise security standards. Even after the territorial defeat of ISIS and al-Qa’ida in Syria and Iraq, the threat from jihadist terror- ists will persist. They have used battlefields as test beds of terror and have exported tools and tactics to their followers. Many of these jihadist terror- 10 P I L L A R I : P R O T E C T T H E A M E R I C A N P E O P L E , T H E H O M E L A N D , A N D T H E A M E R I C A N WA Y O F L I F E ists are likely to return to their home countries, SEVER SOURCES OF STRENGTH: We will disrupt the from which they can continue to plot and launch financial, materiel, and personnel supply chains of attacks on the United States and our allies. terrorist organizations. We will sever their financ- ing and protect the U.S. and international financial The United States also works with allies and systems from abuse. We will degrade their ability pa r tners to deter a nd d is- to message and attract poten- r upt ot her foreig n ter ror- tial recruits. This includes ist g roups t hat t h reaten combating the evil ideology the homeland—includ- of jihadists by exposing its We will give our frontline ing Iranian-backed groups falsehoods, promoting count- such as Lebanese Hizballah. defenders—including homeland er-narratives, and amplify- security, law enforcement, and ing credible voices. intelligence professionals— Priority Actions Ou r S H A R E R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y: the tools, authorities, and allies and partners, who are DISRUPT TERROR PLOTS: We will resources to stop terrorist acts also targets of terrorism, will en hance intelligence shar- continue to share responsi- ing domestically and with for- before they take place. bility in fighting these bar- eign partners. We will give baric groups. We will help our ou r f r ont l i n e d efen d er s — partners develop and respon- i nclud i ng homela nd secu- sibly employ the capacity to rity, law enforcement, and intelligence profes- degrade and maintain persistent pressure against sionals—the tools, authorities, and resources to terrorists and will encourage partners to work stop terrorist acts before they take place. independently of U.S. assistance. TAKE DIRECT ACTION: The U.S. military and other C O M B AT R A D I C A L I Z AT I O N A N D R E C R U I T M E N T I N operating agencies will take direct action against COMMUNITIES: The United States rejects bigotry terrorist networks and pursue terrorists who and oppression and seeks a future built on our val- threaten the homeland and U.S. citizens regard- ues as one American people. We will deny vio- less of where they are. The campaigns against ISIS lent ideologies the space to take root by improving and al-Qa’ida and their affi liates demonstrate that trust among law enforcement, the private sector, the United States will enable partners and sus- and American citizens. U.S. intelligence and home- land security experts will work with law enforce- tain direct action campaigns to destroy terrorists ment and civic leaders on terrorism prevention and and their sources of support, making it harder for provide accurate and actionable information about them to plot against us. radicalization in their communities. ELIMINATE TERRORIST SAFE HAVENS: Time and ter- ritory allow jihadist terrorists to plot, so we will act against sanctuaries and prevent their reemer- Dismantle Transnational gence, before they can threaten the U.S. home- Criminal Organizations land. We will go after their digital networks and The United States must devote greater resources work with private industry to confront the chal- to dismantle transnational criminal organiza- lenge of terrorists and criminals “going dark” and tions (TCOs) and their subsidiary networks. Some using secure platforms to evade detection. have established global supply chains that are 11  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY comparable to Fortune 500 corporations. Every COUNTER CYBER CRIMINALS: We will use sophisti- day they deliver drugs to American communities, cated investigative tools to disrupt the ability of fuel gang violence, and engage in cybercrime. The criminals to use online marketplaces, crypto- illicit opioid epidemic, fed by drug cartels as well currencies, and other tools for illicit activities. as Chinese fentanyl traffickers, kills tens of thou- The United States will hold countries accountable sands of Americans each year. These organizations for harboring these criminals. weaken our allies and partners too, by corrupting and undermining democratic institutions. TCOs are motivated by profit, power, and political influ- Keep America Safe ence. They exploit weak governance and enable other national security threats, including terror- in the Cyber Era ist organizations. In addition, some state adver- America’s response to the challenges and oppor- saries use TCOs as instruments of national power, tunities of the cyber era will determine our future offering them territorial sanctuary where they prosperity and security. For most of our history, the are free to conduct unattributable cyber intru- United States has been able to protect the home- sions, sabotage, theft, and political subversion. land by controlling its land, air, space, and mari- time domains. Today, cyberspace offers state and non-state actors the ability to wage campaigns Priority Actions against American political, economic, and secu- IMPROVE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND INTELLIGENCE: rity interests without ever physically crossing We will establish national-level strategic intelli- our borders. Cyberattacks offer adversaries low- gence and planning capabilities cost and deniable opportunities to improve the ability of agen- to seriously damage or disrupt cies to work together to combat critical infrastructure, cripple TCOs at home and abroad. America’s response American businesses, weaken ou r Fe d e r a l n e t work s , a n d D E F E N D CO M M U N ITI E S : We will to the challenges and attack the tools and devices that deny TCOs the ability to harm opportunities of the cyber Americans use every day to com- A merica ns. We w ill suppor t era will determine municate and conduct business. public health efforts to halt the growth of illicit drug use in the our future prosperity Critical infrastructure keeps our United States, expand national and security. food fresh, our houses warm, and community-based preven- our trade f lowing, and our cit- tion efforts, increase access to izens productive and safe. The evidenced-based treatment for vulnerability of U.S. critica l addiction, improve prescrip- infrastructure to cyber, phys- tion drug monitoring, and provide training on ical, and electromagnetic attacks means that substance use disorders for medical personnel. adversaries could disrupt military command and control, banking and financial operations, the elec- DEFEND IN DEPTH: U. S. agencies a nd foreig n trical grid, and means of communication. partners will target TCO leaders and their sup- port infrastructure. We will assist countries, par- Federal networks also face threats. These networks ticularly in the Western Hemisphere, to break allow government agencies to carry out vital func- the power of these organizations and networks. tions and provide services to the American peo- 12 P I L L A R I : P R O T E C T T H E A M E R I C A N P E O P L E , T H E H O M E L A N D , A N D T H E A M E R I C A N WA Y O F L I F E ple. The government must do a better job of pro- BUILD DEFENSIBLE GOVERNMENT NETWORKS: We will tecting data to safeguard information and the use the latest commercial capabilities, shared ser- privacy of the American people. Our Federal net- vices, and best practices to modernize our Federal works must be modernized and updated. information technology. We will improve our abil- In addition, the daily lives of most Americans rely ity to provide uninterrupted and secure communi- on computer-driven and interconnected technolo- cations and services under all conditions. gies. As our reliance on computers and connectiv- D E T E R A N D D I S R U P T M A L I C I O U S C Y B E R AC TO R S : ity increases, we become increasingly vulnerable The Federal Government will ensure that those to cyberattacks. Businesses and individuals must charged with securing critical infrastructure have be able to operate securely in cyberspace. the necessary authorities, information, and capa- Security was not a major consideration when the bilities to prevent attacks before they affect or Internet was designed and launched. As it evolves, hold at risk U.S. critical infrastructure. The United the government and private sector must design States will impose swift and costly consequences systems that incorporate prevention, protec- on foreign governments, criminals, and other tion, and resiliency from the start, not as an after- actors who undertake significant malicious cyber thought. We must do so in a way that respects free activities. We will work with allies and friends to markets, private competition, and the limited but expand our awareness of malicious activities. A important role of government in enforcing the stronger and more resilient critical infrastructure rule of law. As we build the next generation of dig- will strengthen deterrence by creating doubt in our ital infrastructure, we have an opportunity to put adversaries that they can achieve their objectives. our experience into practice. I M P R OV E I N F O R M AT I O N S H A R I N G A N D S E N S I N G : The Internet is an American invention, and it The U.S. Government will work with our critical should reflect our values as it continues to trans- infrastructure partners to assess their informa- form the future for all nations and all genera- tional needs and to reduce the barriers to informa- tions. A strong, defensible cyber infrastructure tion sharing, such as speed and classification lev- fosters economic growth, protects our liberties, els. We will also invest in capabilities that improve and advances our nationa l security. the ability of the United States to attribute cyber- att acks. In accordance with the protection of civil Priority Actions liberties and privacy, the U.S. Government will expand collaboration with the private sector so that IDENTIFY AND PRIORITIZE RISK: To improve the secu- rity and resilience of our critical infrastruc- we can better detect and attribute attacks. ture, we will assess risk across six key areas: DEPLOY LAYERED DEFENSES: Since threats transit national security, energy and power, banking and globally, passing through communications back- finance, health and safety, communications, and bones without challenge, the U.S. Government will transportation. We will assess where cyberat- work with the private sector to remediate known tacks could have catastrophic or cascading con- bad activities at the network level to improve sequences and prioritize our protective efforts, the security of all customers. Malicious activ- capabilities, and defenses accordingly. ity must be defeated within a network and not be passed on to its destination whenever possible. 13  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY Promote American work together to defend our way of life. No exter- nal threat can be allowed to shake our shared Resilience commitment to our values, undermine our sys- tem of government, or divide our Nation. Despite our best efforts, our government cannot prevent all dangers to the American people. We can, however, help Americans remain resilient in Priority Actions the face of adversity. Resilience includes the abil- ity to withstand and recover rapidly from delib- IMPROVE RISK MANAGEMENT: The United States will erate attacks, accidents, natural disasters, as well improve its ability to assess the threats and haz- as unconventional stresses, shocks, and threats ards that pose the greatest risks to Americans to our economy and democratic system. In the and will prioritize resources based on the high- event of a disaster, Federal, state, and local agen- est risks. cies must perform essential functions and have BUILD A CULTURE OF PREPAREDNESS: This Admin- plans in place to ensure the continuation of our istration will take steps to build a culture of pre- constitutiona l for m of gover n ment. paredness, informing and empowering commu- Reducing risk and building more resilient com- nities and individuals to obtain the skills and munities are the best ways to protect people, prop- take the preparatory actions necessary to become erty, and taxpayer dollars from loss and disrup- more resilient against the threats and hazards tion. Through risk-informed investments, we will that Americans face. build resilient communities and infrastructure IMPROVE PLANNING: State and local governments to protect and benefit future generations. must conduct realistic exercises that test exist- Should tragedy strike, the U.S. Government will ing plans to make sure that they are sound and help communities recover and rebuild. Citizens can be executed. Agencies from all levels of gov- must be confident in our government, but also rec- ernment must coordinate better and apply lessons ognize that response and recovery begins with learned from exercises to pinpoint the areas and individuals and local communities. In difficult capabilities that require improvement. times, the true character of the American peo- INCENTIVIZE INFORMATION SHARING: To improve the ple emerges: their strength, their love, and their coordination among the private sector and all lev- resolve. Our first responders selflessly run toward els of government that is needed to improve resil- danger, and volunteers rally to the aid of neigh- ience, we must make a stronger commitment to bors when disaster strikes. protecting sensitive information so that all part- A democracy is only as resilient as its people. An ners actively identify and share vulnerabilities informed and engaged citizenry is the fundamen- and work collaboratively to reduce them. tal requirement for a free and resilient nation. For generations, our society has protected free press, free speech, and free thought. Today, actors such as Russia are using information tools in an attempt to undermine the legitimacy of democracies. Adversaries target media, political processes, finan- cial networks, and personal data. The American public and private sectors must recognize this and 14  PILLAR II Promote American Prosperity “Economic security is national security.” PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP | NOVEMBER 2017 A strong economy protects the American people, supports our way of life, and sus- tains American power. American work- ers thrive when they are free to innovate, develop and access our abundant natural resources, and tional economy and remove the points of friction that had contributed to two world wars. That economic system continues to serve our interests, but it must be reformed to help American worker s pr o s p er, pr ot e c t ou r i n nov at ion , operate in markets free from excessive regula- and ref lect the principles upon which that sys- tions and unfair foreign trade practices. A grow- tem was founded. Trading partners and inter- ing and innovative economy allows the United national institutions can do more to address States to maintain the world’s most powerful mili- trade imbalances and adhere to and enforce the tary and protect our homeland. rules of the order. We must rebuild our economic strength and Today, American prosperity and security are restore confidence in the American economic challenged by an economic competition play- model. Over decades, American factories, com- ing out in a broader strategic context. The United panies, and jobs moved overseas. After the 2008 States helped expand the liberal economic trad- global financial crisis, doubt replaced confidence. ing system to countries that did not share our val- Risk-aversion and regulations replaced investment ues, in the hopes that these states would liber- and entrepreneurship. The recovery produced ane- alize their economic and political practices and mic growth in real earnings for American workers. provide commensurate benefits to the United The U.S. trade deficit grew as a result of several fac- States. Experience shows that these countries dis- tors, including unfair trading practices. torted and undermined key economic institu- tions without undertaking significant reform of For 70 years, the United States has embraced a their economies or politics. They espouse free trade strategy premised on the belief that leadership rhetoric and exploit its benefits, but only adhere of a stable international economic system rooted selectively to the rules and agreements. in American principles of reciprocity, free mar- kets, and free trade served our economic and We welcome all economic relationships rooted in security interests. Working with our allies and fairness, reciprocity, and faithful adherence to the partners, the United States led the creation of rules. Those who join this pursuit will be our clos- a group of financial institutions and other eco- est economic partners. But the United States will nomic forums that established equitable rules no longer turn a blind eye to violations, cheating, and built instruments to stabilize the interna- or economic aggression. We must work with like- 17  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY minded allies and partners to ensure our princi- ulation burdened small businesses. Banking regu- ples prevail and the rules are enforced so that our lations squelched new bank formation and caused e c o n o m i e s p r o s p e r. hundreds of small banks to close. Regulation decreased credit availability to The United States will pursue consumers and decreased prod- an economic strategy that reju- uct choice. Excessive environ- venates the domestic economy, mental and infrastructure reg- benefits the American worker, Rebuilding economic ulations impeded American revitalizes the U.S. manufactur- strength at home and energ y trade a nd the devel- ing base, creates middle-class preserving a fair and opm ent of n ew i n f r a s t r uc - jobs, encourages innovation, pre- reciprocal international t u re proje c t s. serves technological advantage, safeguards the environment, economic system will Moreover, the poor state of our and achieves energy dominance. enhance our security and physical infrastructure stulti- Rebuilding economic strength fied the economy, reduced the advance prosperity and at home and preserving a fair profitability of American small and reciprocal international peace in the world. businesses, and slowed the pro- economic system will enhance ductivity of American workers. our security and advance pros- America’s digital infrastructure perity and peace in the world. also fell behind. Improvements in ba ndwidth, better broadba nd connectiv- ity, and protection from persistent cyberattacks Rejuvenate the are needed to support America’s future growth. Economic and personal transactions are depen- Domestic Economy dent upon the “.com world,” and wealth creation Economic challenges at home demand that we depends on a reliable, secure Internet. understand economic prosperity as a pillar of The Administration is dedicated to rejuvenat- national security. Despite low unemployment ing the U.S. economy, unleashing the potential of rates and stock market gains, overall economic all Americans, and restoring confidence in our growth has, until recently, been anemic since free market system. Promoting American pros- the 2008 recession. In the past five years, gross perity makes America more secure and advances domestic product (GDP) growth hovered barely American influence in the world. above two percent, and wages stagnated. Taxes increased, and health insurance and prescrip- tion drug costs continued to rise, albeit at a slower Priority Actions pace. Education costs climbed at rates far above REDUCE REGULATORY BURDENS: Departments and inf lation, increasing student debt. Productivity agencies will eliminate unnecessary regulations growth fell to levels not seen in decades. that stifle growth, drive up costs for American busi- Significant government intrusion in the economy nesses, impede research and development, dis- slowed growth and job creation. Regulatory and courage hiring, and incentivize domestic busi- corporate tax policies incentivized businesses to nesses to move overseas. We will balance our invest overseas and disadvantaged American com- reduction in regulations with adequate protec- panies against foreign competitors. Excessive reg- t ion s a nd oversig ht. 18  PILLAR II: PROMOTE AMERICAN PROSPERITY PROMOTE TAX REFORM: This Administration will Promote Free, Fair, work with the Congress to create a simpler, fairer, and pro-growth tax code that encourages the and Reciprocal Economic creation of higher wage jobs and gives middle- Relationships income families tax relief. Reduced business tax rates and a territorial system for foreign sub- For decades, the United States has allowed unfair sidiary earnings will improve the competitive- trading practices to grow. Other countries have ness of American companies and encourage their used dumping, discriminatory non-tariff barri- return to the United States. ers, forced technology transfers, non-economic capacity, industrial subsidies, and other support IMPROVE AMERICAN INFRASTRUCTURE: Federal, state, from governments and state-owned enterprises to and local governments will work together with pri- gain economic advantages. vate industry to improve our airports, seaports and waterways, roads and railways, transit sys- Today we must meet the challenge. We will address tems, and telecommunications. The United States persistent trade imbalances, break down trade will use our strategic advantage as a leading natu- barriers, and provide Americans new opportuni- ral gas producer to transform transportation and ties to increase their exports. The United States manufacturing. We will improve America’s digital will expand trade that is fairer so that U.S. work- infrastructure by deploying a secure 5G Internet ers and industries have more opportunities to capability nationwide. These improvements will compete for business. We oppose closed mercan- increase national competitiveness, benefit the envi- tilist trading blocks. By strengthening the inter- ronment, and improve our quality of life. national trading system and incentivizing other REDUCE THE DEBT THROUGH FISCAL c ou nt r ie s t o em brac e m a r - The national R E S P O N S I B I LIT Y: ket-friendly policies, we can debt, now over $20 trillion, pres- enhance our prosperity. ents a grave threat to America’s The United States distinguishes The Administration is long-term prosperity and, by between economic competition dedicated to rejuvenating extension, our national security. with countries that follow fair By restraining Federal spending, the U.S. economy, and free market principles and making government more effi- unleashing the potential competition with those that act cient, and by modernizing our with little regard for those prin- of all Americans, and tax system and making our busi- ciples. We will compete with nesses globally competitive, our restoring confidence in our like-minded states in the eco- economy will grow and make the free market system. nomic doma in—pa rticu la rly existing debt more serviceable. where trade imbalances exist— S U P P O R T E D U C AT I O N A N D while recognizing that compe- APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS: tition is healthy when nations We will support apprenticesh ips a nd work- share values and build fair and reciprocal rela- force development prog ra ms t hat pre- tionships. The United States will pursue enforce- pa re A mer ica n workers for h ig h-wage ment actions when countries violate the rules manufacturing and science, technology, engi- to gain unfair advantage. The United States will neering, and mathematics (STEM) jobs of the engage industrialized democracies and other like- 21st century. minded states to defend against economic aggres- 19  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY sion, in all its forms, that threatens our com- Lead in Research, Technology, mon prosperity and security. Invention, and Innovation Priority Actions The United States will build on the ingenuity that has launched industries, created jobs, and ADOPT NEW TRADE AND INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS improved the quality of life at home and abroad. AND MODERNIZE EXISTING ONES: The United States To maintain our competitive advantage, the will pursue bilateral trade and investment agree- United States will prioritize emerging technolo- ments with countries that commit to fair and recip- gies critical to economic growth and security, such rocal trade and will modernize existing agree- as data science, encryption, autonomous tech- ments to ensure they are consistent with those nologies, gene editing, new materials, nanotech- principles. Agreements must adhere to high stan- nology, advanced computing technologies, and dards in intellectual property, digital trade, agri- artificial intelligence. From self-driving cars to culture, labor, and the environment. autonomous weapons, the field of artificial intelli- COU NTE R U N FAIR TR ADE PR AC TICES:The United gence, in particular, is progressing rapidly. States will counter all unfair trade practices that The United States must continue to attract the inno- distort markets using all appropriate means, vative and the inventive, the brilliant and the bold. from dia logue to enforcement tools. We will encourage scientists in government, aca- Using our eco- COU NTE R FOR E IG N COR RU P TION : demia, and the private sector to achieve advance- nomic and diplomatic tools, the United States will ments across the full spectrum of discovery, from continue to target corrupt foreign officials and incremental improvements to game-changing work with countries to improve their ability to breakthroughs. We will nurture a healthy inno- fight corruption so U.S. companies can compete vation economy that collaborates with allies and fairly in transparent business climates. partners, improves STEM education, draws on an advanced technical workforce, and invests in ear- WORK WITH LIKE- MINDE D PARTNE RS: The United ly-stage research and development (R&D). States will work with like-minded partners to pre- serve and modernize the rules of a fair and recip- rocal economic order. Together we will emphasize Priority Actions fair trade enforcement actions when necessary, as U N D E R S TA N D W O R L D W I D E S C I E N C E A N D T E C H - well as multinational efforts to ensure transpar- NOLOGY (S&T) TRENDS: To retain U.S. advantages ency and adherence to international standards over our competitors, U.S. Government agencies within trade and investment projects. must improve their understanding of worldwide FACILITATE NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES: The United S&T trends and how they are likely to influence— States will partner with countries as they build or undermine—American strategies and programs. their export markets, promote free market com- ATTRACT AND RETAIN INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: petition, and incentivize private sector growth. The U.S. Government must improve our collab- We will expand U.S. trade and investment oppor- oration with industry and academia and our tunities and increase the market base for U.S. recruitment of technical talent. We will remove goods and services. barriers to the full use of talent across Federal agencies, and increase incentives for hiring and retaining Federal STEM employees. Initiatives 20  PILLAR II: PROMOTE AMERICAN PROSPERITY will include rapid hiring, swift adjudication of means to weaken our businesses and our econ- national security clearances, and offers of com- omy as facets of cyber-enabled economic war- petitive salaries. We must create easier paths fare and other malicious activities. In addition to for the flow of scientists, engineers, and technol- these illegal means, some actors use largely legit- ogists into and out of public service. imate, legal transfers and relationships to gain access to fields, experts, and trusted foundries LEVERAGE PRIVATE CAPITAL AND EXPERTISE TO BUILD that fill their capability gaps and erode America’s AND INNOVATE: The U.S. Government will use pri- long-ter m compet it ive adva nt ages. vate sector technical expertise and R&D capabili- ties more effectively. Private industry owns many We must defend our National Security Innovation of the technologies that the government relies Base (NSIB) against competitors. The NSIB is upon for critical national security missions. The the American network of knowledge, capabili- Department of Defense and other agencies will ties, and people—including academia, National establish strategic partnerships with U.S. compa- Laboratories, and the private sector—that turns nies to help align private sector R&D resources to ideas into innovations, transforms discoveries priority national security applications. into successful commercial products and com- panies, and protects and enhances the American RAPIDLY FIELD INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS: The way of life. The genius of creative Americans, and United States must regain the element of surprise the free system that enables them, is critical to and field new technologies at the pace of mod- American security and prosperity. ern industry. Government agencies must shift from an archaic R&D process to an approach that Protecting the NSIB requires a domestic and inter- rewards rapid fielding and risk taking. national response beyond the scope of any indi- vidual company, industry, university, or govern- ment agency. The landscape of innovation does not divide neatly into sectors. Technologies that Promote and Protect are part of most weapon systems often originate the U.S. National Security in diverse businesses as well as in universities and Innovation Base colleges. Losing our innovation and technologi- cal edge would have far-reaching negative implica- America’s business climate and legal and regu- tions for American prosperity and power. latory systems encourage risk taking. We are a nation of people who work hard, dream big, and never give up. Not every country shares these Priority Actions characteristics. Some instead steal or illicitly UNDERSTAND THE CHALLENGES: The U.S. Government acquire America’s hard-earned intellectual prop- will develop a capability to integrate, monitor, and erty and proprietary information to compensate better understand the national security implica- for their own systemic weaknesses. tions of unfair industry trends and the actions of our rivals. We will explore new ways to share this Every year, competitors such as China steal U.S. information with the private sector and academia intellectual property valued at hundreds of bil- so they better understand their responsibilities in lions of dollars. Stealing proprietary technol- curtailing activities that undercut America’s NSIB. ogy and early-stage ideas allows competitors to unfairly tap into the innovation of free societ- PROTECT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: The United States ies. Over the years, rivals have used sophisticated will reduce the illicit appropriation of U.S. pub- 21  NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY lic and private sector technology and technical that access to energy is diversified, and recognizes knowledge by hostile foreign competitors. While the importance of environmental stewardship. maintaining an investor-friendly climate, this Access to domestic sources of clean, affordable, Administration will work with the Congress to and reliable energy underpins a prosperous, strengthen the Committee on Foreign Investment secure, and powerful America for decades to come. in the United States (CFIUS) to ensure it addresses Un leash ing these abu nda nt current and future nationa l energy resources—coal, natural security risks. The United States gas, petroleum, renewables, and will prioritize counterintel- nuclear—stimulates the econ- ligence and law enforcement For the first time in omy and builds a foundation for activities to curtail intellectual generations, the United future growth. Our Nation must property theft by all sources take advantage of our wealth in States will be an energy- and will explore new legal and domestic resources and energy regulatory mechanisms to pre- dominant nation. efficiency to promote competi- vent and prosecute violations. tiveness across our industries. TIGHTEN VISA PROCEDURES: The United States also anchors The United States will review the North American energy sys- visa procedures to reduce economic theft by tem, which is one of the most highly integrated in non-traditional intelligence collectors. We will the world. Our vibrant cross-border energy trade consider restrictions on foreign ST EM stu- and investment are vital for a robust and resilient dents f rom desig nated cou ntr ies to ensu re U.S. economy and energy market. We are com- that intellectual property is not transferred mitted to supporting energy initiatives that will to our competitors, while acknowledging the attract investments, safeguard the environment, importance of recruiting the most advanced tech- strengthen our energy security, and unlock the nical workforce to the United States. enormous potential of our shared region. PROTECT DATA AND UNDERLYING INFRASTRUCTURE: Climate policies will continue to shape the global The United States will expand our focus beyond energy system. U.S. leadership is indispensable protecting networks to protecting the data on to countering an anti-growth energy agenda that those networks so that it remains secure—both at is detrimental to U.S. economic and energy secu- rest and in transit. To do this, the U.S. Government rity interests. Given future global energy demand, w ill encou rage practices across compa n ies much of the developing world will require fossil and universities to defeat espionage and theft. fuels, as well as other forms of energy, to power their economies and lift their people out of poverty. The United States will continue to advance an approach Embrace Energy Dominance that balances energy security, economic develop- ment, and environmental protection. The United For the first time in generations, the United States States will remain a global leader in reducing tradi- will be an energy-dominant nation. Energy dom- tional pollution, as well as greenhouse gases, while inance—America’s central position in the global expanding our economy. Th is achievement, which energy system as a leading producer, consumer, and can serve as a model to other countries, flows from innovator—ensures that markets are free and U.S. innovation, technology breakthroughs, and energy infrastructure is resilient and secure. It ensures efficiency gains, not from onerous regulation. 22  PILLAR II: PROMOTE AMERICAN PROSPERITY As a growing supplier of energy resources, technol- ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY: The United States will ogies, and services around the world, the United work with allies and partners to protect global States will help our allies and partners become energy infrastructure from cyber and physical more resilient against those that use energy to threats. The United States will support the diver- coerce. America’s role as an energy exporter will sification of energy sources, supplies, and routes also require an assessment of our vulnerabilities at home and abroad. We will modernize our stra- and a resilient American infrastructure. tegic petroleum stocks and encourage other countries to develop their own—consistent with Finally, the Nation’s long-term energy security their national energy security needs. future rests with our people. We must invest in our future by supp