IT for Managers (RTU) - Unit 1 Notes PDF

IT for Managers (RTU) - Unit I Notes Prepared by: Pankaj Chadha 1. Business Value of Telecommunication Networks - Telecommunication Networks: These are the systems that allow the transmission of data, voice, and video across distances. Modern businesses rely heavily on these networks for both inte...

IT for Managers (RTU) - Unit I Notes Prepared by: Pankaj Chadha 1. Business Value of Telecommunication Networks - Telecommunication Networks: These are the systems that allow the transmission of data, voice, and video across distances. Modern businesses rely heavily on these networks for both internal operations and external communication. Examples of telecommunication networks: - Internet services: Essential for e-commerce, cloud computing, and real-time data exchange. - Phone systems: Important for customer service and sales teams. - Video conferencing tools: Tools like Zoom or Microsoft Teams enable remote teams to collaborate effectively. Importance of telecommunication networks in business: - Global Operations: Telecommunication networks allow businesses to operate across continents, enabling global expansion. - Cost Efficiency: Telecommunication reduces the need for expensive physical infrastructure by enabling remote communication. - Enhanced Customer Service: Quick communication with customers enhances satisfaction and builds better relationships. - Cloud Services: Modern businesses use cloud computing to store data and run applications online. 2. Basics of Doing Business on the Internet - Traditional Business Models: - Historically, businesses operated in physical marketplaces, using methods like the barter system, local trade, and eventually, industrialized production. - E-commerce changed this model by enabling businesses to offer goods and services over the internet, bypassing traditional barriers like location and store hours. - Doing Business on the Internet: - What is E-commerce? It refers to the buying and selling of products or services over the internet. - Key Advantages of E-commerce: - Convenience: Customers can shop 24/7 from any location with internet access. - Global Reach: Businesses can reach customers worldwide without needing a physical store. 1  - Cost Efficiency: It eliminates the need for expensive physical storefronts and reduces operational costs. - Examples of E-commerce Platforms: - Amazon, Flipkart, eBay: These platforms allow businesses and individual sellers to offer products to millions of customers online. Main types of E-commerce: 1. B2C (Business to Consumer): Direct sales from businesses to the end customer (e.g., Amazon, Flipkart). 2. B2B (Business to Business): Transactions between businesses (e.g., Alibaba, IndiaMART). 3. C2C (Consumer to Consumer): Platforms where individuals buy and sell to each other (e.g., OLX, Quikr). 4. C2B (Consumer to Business): Consumers offer products or services to businesses, like freelancers offering services (e.g., Upwork, Freelancer). 3. The Internet Revolution The internet has transformed how businesses operate. It enabled the rise of digital business models, improving efficiency, scalability, and reach. The history of the internet's evolution is key to understanding its impact on business: - 1960s-1990s (Early Development): The ARPANET was the foundation of the internet. It was used for academic and military research before becoming available to the public. - 1990s-2000s (Dot-com Boom): This period saw the birth of major online businesses like Amazon and eBay. E-commerce and online advertising became prominent. - 2000s-present (Web 2.0 and beyond): The internet became interactive, with the rise of social media platforms, mobile apps, and cloud computing. Businesses shifted from physical to digital, focusing on personalized online experiences. How the Internet Revolutionized Business: - Global Market Access: The internet allows businesses to serve customers worldwide. - Cost Reduction: Digital tools reduce overheads by automating processes, reducing the need for physical locations. - Customer Engagement: Businesses use social media and online platforms to engage with their customers, improving brand loyalty. 2  4. Business Value of the Internet - 24/7 Operations: Businesses can operate continuously, unlike physical stores that have fixed working hours. Customers can shop online anytime. - Global Reach: Through websites and online platforms, businesses can break geographical barriers and reach international customers, which is impossible in a traditional store setup. - Increased Efficiency: Online businesses can automate tasks like order management, customer support, and payments, reducing the need for manual work and making the process faster. - New Revenue Models: The internet enables subscription models (like Netflix), online advertising (Google Ads), and selling digital products (e-books, software). - Improved Customer Experience: Online tools allow businesses to offer personalized product recommendations and real-time customer service through live chat or social media. 5. Internet, Intranet, and Extranet These three networks are essential for managing internal and external communications in an organization. As a future manager, understanding the differences will help you optimize communication and collaboration for your business. - Internet: - A global public network that connects millions of computers worldwide. - Used by businesses for external communication, marketing, e-commerce, and accessing global markets. - Advantages: Wide reach, low cost, easy access for customers and employees. - Intranet: - A private network restricted to an organization’s internal users, like employees. - Used for sharing internal documents, collaborating on projects, and internal communications. - Advantages: Enhanced security, central access to internal resources, improved communication within the organization. - Extranet: - An extension of the intranet that allows controlled external access to certain internal resources. 3  - Typically used for collaboration with partners, suppliers, or customers. - Advantages: Enables secure collaboration with external stakeholders while maintaining control over shared information. 6. Web Page Design and HTML - Websites: - A website is a collection of related web pages, designed to serve a specific function such as information sharing, e-commerce, or social networking. - Websites have become the face of businesses on the internet, offering customers a way to interact, learn, and purchase products or services. - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): - The fundamental building block of web design, HTML is used to create the structure of web pages. - HTML is the standard markup language used to create and design documents on the World Wide Web. - HTML structures the content on web pages allowing text images videos and other media to be displayed in a format that can be interpreted by web browsers. - It provides the essential building blocks for web development making it possible to create engaging and interactive websites. - HTML5 is the latest version of HTML. - Tags and Attributes make HTML coding - There are opening & closing tags and self-closing tags. Attributes come with opening tags. Basic HTML elements: - Headings: ``, ``, etc., to define titles. - Paragraphs: ``, used for regular text. - Images: ``. - Links: `Visit Us` for clickable links. - Formatting: bold italics underlined Lists: - Ordered: 12 - Unordered: 12 Tables: heading1 heading2 Cell1 Cell2 Cell1 Cell2 - CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): - CSS is used to add design and styling to websites. It allows control over fonts, colors, layouts, and more, improving the user experience. 4  h1 { color: blue; font-size: 24px;} Benefits of CSS: - Consistency across all web pages. - Separation of content from design, making the website easier to maintain. 7. Introduction to Cloud Computing - What is Cloud Computing? - Cloud computing refers to delivering computing services like storage, databases, software, and networking over the internet. Businesses access these services on a "pay-as-you-go" basis, meaning they only pay for what they use. - Types of Cloud Computing: 1. Public Cloud: Services provided over the internet by third-party providers (e.g., AWS, Microsoft Azure). 2. Private Cloud: Dedicated cloud services for one organization, offering more control and security. 3. Hybrid Cloud: Combines public and private clouds for flexibility and enhanced security. - Cloud Service Models: 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Businesses can scale up or down based on their needs (e.g., AWS EC2). 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): A platform for developers to build and deploy applications without managing the underlying infrastructure (e.g., Google App Engine). 3. Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers software applications over the internet, accessible directly through a browser (e.g., Microsoft Office 365, Google Workspace). - Business Value of Cloud Computing: 1. Cost Efficiency: Reduces the need for expensive hardware and IT infrastructure. 2. Scalability: Allows businesses to scale operations based on demand. 3. Collaboration: Cloud tools allow employees to access data and collaborate from any location. 4. Security: Major cloud providers offer high levels of data security, including encryption and regular backups. 5. Innovation: Cloud computing allows businesses to deploy new technologies like AI, machine learning, and big data analytics with ease. 5