Respiratory System Anatomy Notes PDF

Name: Respiratory System Anatomy Notes 1 – Anatomy Introduction 1) Made up of your mouth, Made up of 6 major parts _nose______, lungs, larynx, trac...

Name: Respiratory System Anatomy Notes 1 – Anatomy Introduction 1) Made up of your mouth, Made up of 6 major parts _nose______, lungs, larynx, trachea, and diaphragm. 2) Gets help from other parts of your -stomach muscles help breathing body like your _stomach________ muscles. 3) Muscles alter the -lungs contain 1,500 miles of airways (NY to Dallas) _space__________ inside your body to accommodate the air you breathe in. 2 – Upper 1) Mouth: Entry and exit point for -Sinuses control temperature and humidity _oxygen___________. 2) Nose: Most common entry and -Plants breathe in CO2 and release O2 into the air, we need plants. exit point for oxygen. 3) Sinuses: Hollow spaces that adjust the temperature and humidity of air. 3 – Middle 1) Pharynx: Moves air from Pharynx = back of the mouth and nose mouth/nose to _trachea_____. 2) Larynx: Connects the pharynx and Larynx is voice box the trachea that functions as a passageway for air and the production of sound. 3) Epiglottis: Flap that ensures only Epiglottis = made of cartilage _air________ gets into the lungs. 4) Trachea (windpipe): Connects Trachea surrounded by hard rings of cartilage _pharynx_________ to the lungs. 4 – Lower 1) Bronchial Tubes: Filter air to Bronchial Tubes filter air _ensure_______ that only clean - Bronchus bronchial tubes  bronchioles air reaches the body. 2) Mucus: Sticky substances in Mucus – sticky substance in the bronchial tubes (made mostly of bronchial _tubes___ that catches sugar and water) dirt and germs. 3) Cilia: Hair in bronchial tubes that Cilia – microscopic hairs lining the bronchial tubes (beats 10x/sec) _removes_______ the dirt and germs. 4) Lungs: Take in oxygen, and expel carbon dioxide. Lungs take in O2 and release CO2 1 __________ __________ Name: Respiratory System 5) Alveoli: Transfer oxygen from the Alveoli are the site of gas exchange lungs to the capillaries. 5 – Diaphragm 4) Muscle at the bottom of your _chest_____ cavity Diaphragm (see diagram p. 1) 5) Contracts when you breathe in to Inhale (inspire): Contracts when we breath in which PULLS air in help pull air into your (flat shape) _lungs______. Exhale (expire): Relaxes when you breath out to release air 6) Relaxes when you breathe out to (parachute shape) help push air out of your lungs. Cramps are when the diaphragm is overused 7) The diaphragm is shaped like a parachute (see below). 6 – Anatomy Conclusion Without oxygen, the cells in your body Death from too much CO2, not lack of O2 would die, and you would die. Physiology Notes 7 – Physiology Introduction 1) Keeps you breathing all day and 3 functions: _night______ without you having 1. Breathing all day/night to think much about it. 2. Gas exchange with external env. 2) Exchanges gas from the cells of 3. O2 in, CO2 out your _body____ and the external Composition of Air environment. 78% Nitrogen (N2) 3) Takes in oxygen and breathes out 21% Oxygen (O2) _carbon_____ dioxide. 0.04% Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 8 – Inspiration 4) One breath of air goes into your Air flow: nose/mouthpharynx _respiratory_ system and is larynxtracheabronchusbronchial transported throughout your body tubesbronchiolesalveoliblood to provide your cells with much needed oxygen. 5) Air travels from the nose/mouth - Surface area of alveoli = surface area tennis court through the pharynx and trachea (>2,8000 ft2) into your expanded lungs. - Each alveolus is surrounded by a net of capillaries; the 6) Bronchial tubes clean the air by walls are thin – This is where gas exchange occurs attaching _mucus_____ to any unwanted materials. 7) Alveoli are connected to _capillaries_______ that transport oxygen to the heart. 9 – Expiration Carbon Dioxide is delivered to the CO2 goes from blood  alveoli _lungs_______ through the capillaries. O2 goes from alveoli  blood 10 – Physiology Conclusion 2 __________ __________ Name: Respiratory System Your mouth, nose, lungs, _windpipe__ By the time air arrives at alveoli, air is warmed, moistened, and and diaphragm all work together to filtered keep oxygen _flowing___ into your body and carbon dioxide flowing out. Common Ailments Notes 11 – Ailments Introduction 1) Common ailments affecting the 4 common ailments respiratory system are: a) Asthma b) Respiratory _Infections_____ c) Lung Cancer d) Cystic _Fibrosis_______ 12 – Asthma 1) Airways become _blocked____ or - Most common respiratory ailment narrowed, causing shortness of - Blocked tubes due to swelling of tubes breath, breathing trouble, and - Usually treat asthma with inhaler; sometimes hospital other symptoms. - 4 triggers 2) Triggers include: a) Cold air Straw breathing activity b) Exercise c) _smoke_______ d) Allergens 13 – Respiratory Infections 1) Affect your lungs and Viruses, bacteria, or fungi from the air get into the lungs or _airways________. sinuses 2) Upper Respiratory Infections: a) Middle Ear Infections b) Tonsillitis Above the larynx = upper c) Sinusitis Trachea and below = lower d) Common _cold______ 3) Symptoms: a) Coughing and sneezing b) Congestion/runny nose Bacteria – use antibiotics c) Fever 1. Pneumonia (lower) – when immune system is weakened d) Aches o Can be dormant e) Sore _throat_______ 2. sinus infection (upper) 4) Lower Respiratory Infections a) Bronchitis b) Pneumonia Viruses – treat symptoms c) Tuberculosis 1. Cold (upper) 5) Symptoms: 2. tuberculosis (lower) a) Fever o dangerous b) _chills_________ c) Sore throat d) Difficulty breathing 3 __________ __________ Name: Respiratory System e) Coughing that produces a tuberculosis used to be called consumption _thick_____ mucus 14 – Lung Cancer 1) Uncontrolled growth of abnormal 80% of lung cancer patients smoke cells in one or both of the _lungs________. 20% environmental 2) Abnormal cells form cancer cells, - usually industrial settings or tumors. 3) Risk Factors include: a) Cigarette smoking b) Exposure to certain _industrial_________ substances c) Radon and asbestos d) Radiation exposure e) Air pollution f) Second-hand tobacco __smoke_______ 15 – Cystic Fibrosis 1) Genetic disease impacting 30,000 Genetic disease – born with it people in the United States. 2) Causes the production of an Especially thick mucus leads to recurring infections which scar abnormally thick, sticky mucus and damage the lungs (normal mucus is runny) that clogs the lungs. 3) Caused by inheriting a defective Most people don’t live past 35 without lung transplant gene from both parents. 4) Treatment options: -can be treated by vibration and salt treatments a) Depends on the _stage______ of the disease and the organs involved. b) No current cure. c) Focuses on __clearing_________ mucus from the lungs to improve quality of life. 16 – Respiratory Conclusion 1) Keeping your respiratory system Keeping healthy lungs: __functioning__________: 1. Don’t smoke or vape a) Don’t smoke 2. Protect them if working with chemicals b) Use proper protection when working with harmful __materials________. 4 __________ __________