Labor 10 Final Study Guide PDF

Labor 10 Final Study Guide Week 1 History of the U.S. Labor Movement Unions in 2024 Positive sentiment towards union is high because it decreases economic insecurity (housing) Pandemic exacerbated economic and racial inequality; organizations profited off the pandemic; wages were a...

Labor 10 Final Study Guide Week 1 History of the U.S. Labor Movement Unions in 2024 Positive sentiment towards union is high because it decreases economic insecurity (housing) Pandemic exacerbated economic and racial inequality; organizations profited off the pandemic; wages were altered Union organizing is on the rise (amazon, starbucks, fast food etc) 2023 marked a “Hot Labor Summer” in LA impacting hundreds of people; hotel workers, writers, actors, kaiser etc ○ Major strike activity allowed for increases in wages ○ Strikes are effective Young people and workers of color are at the forefront of a new wave of union organizing Union Trends Unions have been in decline since the 1960’s Unions shrunk as a percentage of the workforce from 35% to 11% ○ Major shift in the US economy from a manufacturer economy to a service based economy ○ Low wage service jobs ○ Government policies that have undermined workplace rights ○ Corporate pushes to demand more flexibility and power in the workplace Deindustrialization, Deregulation, Unionization ○ High-wage union jobs to low-wage union jobs Today public sector unionism is 33% while private sector unionism is 6% ○ Why is there such a divide? – Access to the government; private sectors are all about profits whereas public sector is not ○ Public is federal, state, county; private is corporations, big/small businesses ○ Private sectors are all about threat “you’re replaceable” ○ Public sectors cannot easily replace workers/their industries Recent wave of strikes and organizing hopes reverse this 50 year decline Declining Union Density Shrinking middle class, less political power, weakening protections for workers, growing number of low wage, non-union jobs Proliferation of low-wage, non-union jobs in the private sector mean that health-care benefits, vacation pay, sick pay, retirement benefits are now the exception not the rule Unions have a direct impact on the economy; impacts the election because union members will vote for what their union presents; unions sway funding because they have significant financial resources that they contribute to a particular party If unions can't collect dues from their members, they die ​Lower union density will continue to undermine union standards, and undermine worker rights, especially in the public sector.  Trump’s victory in 2016 led to more attacks on unions and worker rights. Labor Roles Labor was critical in 3 midwest states: Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin Two other battleground states flipped as well: Arizona and Georgia Labor and communities of color were decisive in the Biden victory White union households voted for Biden at a much higher rate than white nonunion households Future of Democracy is at stake in 2024 Lessons from the California Labor Movement Innovative Organizing Campaigns Fight for Racial Justice Political Mobilization Labor and Community Alliances Mobilize Young Workers Building Immigrant Worker Power ○ LA has played a pivotal role in immigrant worker power Worker Organizing Victories → Hotel Workers, Justice for Janitors, Home Care Workers Labor and UC’s The UC has many unions that represents its workers, from the American Federation of Teachers, United Auto Workers, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, Teamsters, Building Trades Unions, and Health Care Unions UAW launched the largest and longest strike in the history of higher education in 2022; 30% increase in wages and benefits UC has a history of prioritizing corporate and business interests over union and worker interests UCLA Labor Center ○ 2021: $15 million to purchase and renovate ucla james lawson jr worker justice center ○ 2022: $13 million annual expansion to grow labor centers and labor studies ○ Single largest increase in the field of labor studies in U.S. history ○ 6 new labor centers: UCSD, UCI, UCR, UCSB, UCCSC, UCD School to movement pipeline Recruited 200+ students from all nine UC campuses to launch Labor Summer in 2023 and 2024 Focus on union organizing, contract campaigns, building worker and student alliances 2024 is 14th year of Dream Summer immigrant youth throughout the country 1,000+ Graduates of Dream Summer Rev. Lawson’s Impact in Los Angeles Moved to Los Angeles in 1974 to become Pastor of Holman United Methodist Church.  President of SCLC in 1970’s and 1980’s Led the “Holman Group” to teach Nonviolence in the late 1980’s & 1990’s Worked with Maria Elena Durazo to transform the Hotel Workers Union in 1990’s, and taught nonviolence to the Janitors Union and Home Care Workers Union Launched Clergy & Laity United for Economic Justice in 1996 Began teaching Nonviolence with the UCLA Labor Center in 2002 UCLA James Lawson Worker Justice Center Dedicated in 2021 What the 2024 Elections Represent for working people The revitalization of modern U.S. labor, and the role of the Los Angeles labor movement The Legacy of Miguel Contreras and Maria Elena Durazo Collective Bargaining U.S Labor Relations is a tripartite system ○ Management – Labor – Government National Labor Relations Act 1935 ○ “Employees shall have the right to self organization to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing and to engage in concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining” Collective Bargaining is the cornerstone of U.S. labor management relations The law requires that both sides bargain in good faith Bad Faith Bargaining → surface bargaining, refusal to meet, unilateral action Over 95% of collective bargaining sessions result in contracts Mutual (Common) Interests vs Exclusive (Opposite) Interests What are the mutual interests of labor and management? What are the exclusive interests of labor and management? What are the factors that support the successful negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement? What are the factors that inhibit the successful negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement? Mutual Interests ○ Maintaining trust of community ○ Good relationship with public at large Exclusive Interests ○ Market expansion for more private charter schools ○ Opposed to expansion for private schools because they are not subject to regulations of public schools ○ Private charter schools can make decisions on funding and how they pay their teachers ○ Wages and benefits Factors that support successful negotiation ○ Relative strength of management vs the union Factors that inhibit successful negotiation What if Collective Bargaining Does Not Result in a Contract? Third-party intervention: fact finding, mediation, arbitration Strike Lock out Decertification Week 2 An introduction to the US Labor Movement - Where do Unions stand in 2024? - Positive sentiment towards unions is at a 50 year high - Pandemic exacerbated economic and racial inequality - Union organizing is on the rise: Amazon, Starbucks, Fast Food, Uber/Lyft, Warehouse workers - 2023 = Hot Labor Summer in LA: Hotel workers, Writers, Actors, UPS Drivers, Kaiser Hospital, Big 3 Auto Workers - Young people and workers of color are at the forefront of a new wave of union organizing Union Trends in the US - Unions have been in decline since the 60s - Unions shrunk as a percentage of the workforce from 35% in the 50s to 11% today - “Deindustrialization, Deregulation and Deunionization” - Today Public Section unionism is 33% while private sector unionism is 6% - The recent wave of strikes and organizing hopes to reverse this 50 year decline Declining union Density Undermines Worker Power: - Declining union density means a shrinking middle class, less political power, weakening protections for workers, and a growing number of low wage, non-union jobs - The proliferation of low-wage, non-union jobs in the private sector mean that health care benefits, vacation pay, sick pay, retirement benefits are now the exception, rather than the rule - Lower union density will continue to undermine union standards and undermine worker rights especially in the public sector - Trump’s victor in 2016 led to more attacks on unions+worker rights Labor’s Rule - Labor was critical in 3 midwest states that voted for Biden in 2020 that Trump won in 2016: PA, MI, WI - 2 Other battleground states flipped as well: AZ and GA - Labor and Communities of Color were decisive in the Biden Victory - White union households voted for Biden at a much higher rate than white nonunion households - Future of Democracy is at state in 2024 Week 3 The Immigrant Youth Movement Immigration has emerged as a focal point for the 2024 election Justice for Janitors — breakthrough for immigrant workers and immigrant rights; critical campaign ○ Mike Garcia Increasing number of undocumented students in classrooms due to AB540 Major change that lifted the bar that prevented students from attending higher education institutions Lost and Found Stephanie – Undocumented UCLA student ○ Feels like you’re a kid forever because you can’t do anything ○ How important it is for the Federal Dream Act to pass Tam – Undocumented UCLA student (worked with Prof. Wong and made this film) ○ Unusual migration story ○ Vietnamese, born in Germany ○ Moved to California ○ Undocumented and stateless ○ Penalized for their parent’s decisions ○ Testified in US Congress to share her immigration story ○ As a result, family’s apartment was raided and Tam went into hiding ○ Succeeded in freeing her family ○ Died in drunk driver crash with her bsf Cynthia Undocumented and Unafraid Honors the work of immigrant youth Special focus on the women (Tam and Cynthia) Slogan by the immigrant youth movement that you should not be afraid or ashamed Tam Tran & Cynthia Felix → undocumented students who went onto ivy league graduate school Tam Tran took courage to testify for the DREAM Act in front of Congress despite all the risks -> a few days later her family was taken to immigration control, and she had to couch-hop where she planned and successfully got her family released. Mainstream media Undocumented students finally coming out of shadows, organizing, advocating for change in immigration policy and building a new civil rights movement 2010 was the year the immigrant youth movement came out of the shadows ○ Challenging moment where US senate members did not allow the Federal Dream Act (a path for undocumented students to gain a path to citizenship) to pass ○ Civil disobedience ○ Nationally televised ○ Immigrant youth proposed → DREAM SUMMER (provide internships/fellowships for undocumented students) Dream Summer Response to their 2010 defeat  Demand DACA and push obama administration to stop mass deportation Historic event that created space and network to connect with dreamers and allies Social justice, immigrant rights Dream Summer 2011 ○ New campaign to challenge Obama administration ○ Right to Dream Campaign (challenge obama’s mass deportation of undocumented) ○ Demand that Obama do the right thing ○ June 2012 → deferred action for childhood arrivals; benefited 800,000 immigrant youth Relieved threat of deportation; DACA (a US immigration policy that protects undocumented immigrants who came to the country as children from deportation and allows them to work); breakthrough for immigrant youth movement ○ Grew out of UCLA classes Operation Butterfly Mothers from Colombia, Mexico and Brazil are meeting their children in the U.S./Mexico border through the wall/fence Aloe Black “Wake Me Up” Hareth Andrade shown in the music video Guest Speakers Carlos Alarcon Abraham Cruz Jenny Kim Dreams Deported; The Undocumented Student-led Network Embrace and encourage them to connect with other undocumented students Certain restrictions and certain limitations DACA IDEAS → pushing for fellowships, advocate for more equitable resources Undocumented AIPI very different unique story Opportunity for All Campaign ○ A student-led movement advocating for undocumented students to have equal access to on-campus employment opportunities within the University of California system, pushing for the ability to apply for jobs like research assistant, teaching assistant, and work-study positions, regardless of their immigration status;essentially demanding that the UC system provide equal employment opportunities to all students, regardless of documentation status. ○ Try to map out experiences ○ Push for policies ○ Research ○ Couldn’t reach federal legislation yet ○ Employers didn’t need to wait for federal legislation to hire undocumented students ○ Pushed for all public institutions to open up employment for ALL students  ○ Campaign is still ongoing ○ Student activism!! ○ UC regions voted unanimously to implement this by a certain year but failed to do so ○ Voting again in January ○ Students met with state legislation – Gavin Newsom betrayed students ○ UC pretends they don’t have legal authority to hire undocumentied students ○ UC has tried to sabotage this Week 4 The Role of Rev. James Lawson Jr. and Nonviolence in Transforming Los Angeles Labor Lawson studied Nonviolence in India in the 1950s Studied teachings of Gandhi, social activism ○ Spent a year in federal prison because he refused to participate in wars Became friends with MLK 1974 - 50 years he held ongoing nonviolence workshops at Halman Methodist Church Inspired Cesar Chavez & Dolores Huerta The Four Steps to a Nonviolence Campaign Focus ○ Time, energy, and attention ○ Do research on your topic ○ Process of evaluation Negotiate ○ Make a determination on who has the power to make this change, to correct this injustice ○ Allows the people working on the issue to confront those in power and raise the demand ○ How do you take on the people in power? ○ Collective bargaining Direct Action ○ If the negotiation was unsuccessful, what do you do? Strike (example of direct action) Example: Nashville Lunch Counter Sit-in 1960 Recruited John Lewis Ex: Freedom Rights 1960s Leaders from Nashville brought more movements to engage in literacy campaigns Aid black youth Ex: Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike 1968 “I am a Man” Follow Up ○ Examine what happened ○ What worked ○ What didn’t work ○ Where do you go from here? Lessons from Nonviolence in the LA Labor Movements Innovative organizing campaigns Fight for racial justice Political mobilization ○ LA labor movement has the most advanced political mobilization program in california ○ Labor leaders have gone to assume key roles in california political offices ○ Labor flipped california from purple to blue Labor and community alliances Mobilize young workers (organizing workers to take action) Emergence of worker centers ○ Built power among immigrant workers Build immigrant worker power ○ LA has been a focal point to build immigrant worker power Worker Organizing Workers Justice for Janitors Hotel workers Home Care Workers Love and Solidarity Rev. Lawson’s work was grounded in love Grounded in equality Grounded in peace Power is within oneself Courage to say no to racism and injustice Love is power Human kind needs to learn to love Proper wages for people who do the work is a sense of justice We have to work as human beings because it feeds our dignity and sense of making a contribution and sense of taking care of ourselves All labor has dignity We have to be able to benefit for our work Human rights & human dignity Nonviolence Education Project — James Lawson Jr. and Dolores Huerta (by GS: Emely Rauda) Promote nonviolence in public schools of California Nonviolence curriculum ○ Identify issues in their community and how to address them ○ Piloted curriculum ○ Presented to teachers ○ Lessons at high schools Expanding to community college levels  Nonviolence → use of power to try and resolve conflicts, injuries, and issues in order to heal, uplift, solidify community, and to help people take power into their own hands and use their power creatively Nonviolence is a way of life, you use it in everyday life Lawson’s Workshops ○ Film that shows Rev. Lawsons teachings ○ Cartoon-like film for students to grasp the understanding of his teachings Week 5 The Farm Workers Movement - Mixed status families are the norm for immigrant families - some have legal status and others do not - What happens when you deport parents when the children are legal? Do they just go home? - Farm labor organizing history - many efforts were made to organize farm workers in the first half of the 20th century - In 1903, the Japanese Mexican Labor Association successfully organized farm workers in Oxnard, California. they were denied a charter to join the AFL - they launched a strike and won better wages and better working conditions - but in 1905 the industrial workers of the world formed in 1905 and organized mexican and filipino farm workers in the 1930s - Origins of the union - 1952-1962: cesar chavez worked together with fred ross to develop a community organizing strategy with farm workers. cesar organized 22 Community Service Organizations (CSO) chapters across california in the late 1950s. under cesar's leadership, CSO helped latinos become citizens, register to vote, battle police brutality, and demand neighborhood improvements. - september 30th 1962 - - Filipino Farm Workers - in 1959, the afl-cio established the agricultural workers organizing committee (AWOC), primarily comprised of filipino farm workers - organizers in AWOC included philip vera cruz, - non violent campaign breakthrough: delano grape strike - in 1965, filipino workers in AWOC demanded a salary increase and the growers gave in but no union - delano grape strike - on september 8th 1965, awoc began the delano grape strike - eight days later, on mexican independence day Cesar’s NFWA joined and resulted in a 5 year strike - philip vera cruz - he got the ball rolling - came to uc berkeley and talked to students about what they could do to support the workers - birth of the union - merger of AWOC and NFWA to the birth of the United Farm Workers. Cesar was President of it. - fred ross has a new documentary out, we should go watch yk - our lady of guadalupe became a symbol for the union - pilgrimages and boycotts - march-april 1966 cesar and striking farm workers embark upon a 340 mile pilgrimage from delano to sacramento to draw national attention to the suffering of farm workers - after a 4 month boycott they negotiate an agreement - theatre was another way of lifting up the spirits of the farm workers and it helped maintain their morale - Unions fighting unions - in 1966: a boycott of the digorgio food corporation forces the giant grape grower to agree to an election among its workers. the company brings in the teamsters union to oppose the UFW. digiorgio workers vote for the UFW. - idea was for a sweetheart deal - role of the grape boycott - 1967 - the ufw strikes the giumarra vineyard corp., california's largest table grape grower. in response to a ufw boycott, other grape growers allowed giumarra to use their labels - UFW begins a boycott of all california table grapes. Meanwhile, strikes continue against grape growers in the state. - the idea when recruiting students was to advocate to not purchase non-union groups. it worked because we had these student boycott organizing committees that would go to just a few meetings and it was a very reasonable demand - 1967-1970 expansion of grape boycott - Fastinf for Justice - cesar fasts and RFK joins 8,000 farm workers and supports at a mass where cesar breaks his fast, called cesar "one of the heroic figures of our time" - Union contracts - spring 1970 - as the boycott continues picking up steam, most california table growers sign UFW contracts - summer 1970 - lettuce and vegetable growers mostly in the Salinas Valley, sign contracts with the Teamsters Union to keep the UFW out. 10,000 central coast farm workers walk out on strike. caesar calls for a nationwide boycott of lettuce. - Arrest and Jailing - in 1960, cesar is jailed in salinas for refusing to obey a court order against bud antle lettuce. coretta scott king and ethel kennedy, widow of robert kennedy visit cesar in jail - UFW - the ufw moves from delano to la paz. membership grows to 80,000 - charted with the afl-cio - Lessons from the UFW - effective use of nonviolence: boycott, hunger, strikes, pilgrimages, civil disobedience - community, faith based, and student involvement - political action - social justice unionism Watch Justice For Janitors Strike 1990s  - Justice for Janitors Strike in LA, Miami, and Boston (GS) Josh and (TA) Kayla D Paraiso give presentation on Illegal Child Labor Week 6 AAPI Labor history - California gold rush - Chinese were the first wave of immigrants from Asia, beginning with the California gold Rush of 1849 - The history of AAPI in this country is largely a working class history Chinese American Workers - Chinese planted the first crops in the central valley of california - Chinese workers also developed the fishing and cannery industries on the California Coast - Chinese workers in the emerging cities of California worked in laundry, garment, restaurants, and other low wage, labor-intensive jobs - They were able to find jobs in jobs that were seen as “women’s work” or jobs that people didn’t want because they were discriminated against everywhere else so it was their only opportunity Chinese workers built the Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869, linking California to the Eastern U.S Chinese Railroad worker strike - One of the earliest recorded labor actions was a strike led by Chinese railroad workers in 1867 during the construction of the transcontinental railroad - The railroad company responded by cutting off food supplies ot the work camp during the winter - Equal pay for equal work Anti-Chinese movement - Despite their many contributions to the workforce, there was an uprise in anti-chinese movements and (image basically implied that they were stealing jobs from white people) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - First immigration law in US history to exclude a group based on their race and national origin - A victory for the anti-Chinese movement that swept the nation - Barred large scale migration from China for generations - Denied citizenship rights to chinese immigrants - Extended to include Japanese, Filipinos and other Asians in later years - Deportation of chinese that were not authorized and denied wholesale of chinese americans Japanese american workers - First wave of japanese american workers were known as the “issei” or first generation - Japanese workers came in large numbers in the 1880’s following the Chinese Exclusion Act - Worked extensively in the agricultural sector  - Anti asian immigration policies extended Japanese in immigration Act of 1924 - Chinese workers were replaced by japanese workers Japanese American Concentration Camps 1942-1945 - Manzanar one of the concentration camps during world war 2 to relocate Japanese americans, given 72 hours to gather their belongings and report to centers where they were rounded off and shipped - Horrible weather conditions and living environments that forcibly removed these people from their homes - 120 thousand were rounded up and shipped away - Many of the west coast also followed this example because they believed that the Japanese Americans were posing a threat and possibly working with the Japanese imperial empire Filipino American Workers - First generation came in 1920;s and 1930’s known as the manong or brother in the llocano dialect of the philippines - Anti asian immigration policies did not apply because philippines was a protectorate of US - Filipinos worked primarily in agriculture and as low wage workforce in emerging cities - The 1934 tydings mcduffie act granted independence to the philippines Filipino farm workers - In 1959 the afl cio establish the agricultural workers organizing committee primarily Immigration act of 1965 - Lifted anti asian immigration policies that had been in existence since 1882 - Led ot the largest migration of asian in us history - Was a direct result of 1964 civil rights act - Asian americans are the fastest growing ethnic community in the us today, numbering 22 million in 2020 Korean American workers - The us is home to the largest korean diaspora community in the world - There are more than 1.8 million korean americans - Following the Chol Soo Lee Campaign - Successfully freed a korean american immigrant that was on death row for a murder he did not commit Southeast asian workers - The end of the vietnam war in 1975 resulted in a massive refugee crisis more than three million people fled vietnam, laos and cambodia between 1975 and 1995 thousands died at sea Vietnamese nail salon workers - Segmentation and segregation - Certain immigrants look for jobs in certain labor forces South asian workers - Immigrants from india began in the 19th century and worked mainly in farm labor - Following the 1965 immigration act, temporary visas for Taxi Workers Alliance - (Didn’t finish beyond this point some things may not make sense because I was trying to type out as much as he was saying) Asian American Workers Rising (GS) Lisa Lei - Asian American Racial Justice Coordinator, UCLA Labor Center Former APALA - LA President Week 7 Panel of Los Angeles Labor Leaders - Rafael Jaime - UAW - first became involved with the botched rollout of the payroll system and he saw how incredible the power can shift when the workers engage in collective action - the UC fought grad students - but really started in the 60s - it was TAs and grad student researchers - during the pandemic, many were called in back to work during the pandemic when it was unsafe - hardest fight with the university, was in harassment and discrimination - the 2022 strike was a 4 year organizing plan - building power with non stem - 48,000 worker strike shut down the university basically - at the time the average ta was making 23-24,000 a year and many were living in their car - another big issue was harassment and discrimination - at the end of the contract, they secured a 50-80% increase, most got a $10,000 raise - people went from struggling to being able to save money - graduate student researchers also won workplace protections - the uc decided to immediately suppress the palestine protests instead of coming to bargain - most people agree that you have the right to protest peacefully - the uaw went on strike due to the failure of the university to protect grad students rights, but it ended due to a court injunction - Mary Entoma - organizer for the hotel workers local 11 - union gave them a living wage and really a social safety net - higbie joined the fight with Unite Here Local 11 and got her first experience building solidarity with students to support unite here's campaign to unionize the hotel - favorite class: nonviolence and oral history - she worked for the union during hot labor summer - she worked with unite here local 11 and was paired up with the union and was canvassing in rancho palos verdes - goal was to win a raise for housekeepers and protections for hotel workers that do not have a union - they were making $16 in 2019 and it was awful, many experienced wage theft - they've been working for decades to align the contracts at the same time - it launched the largest hotel strike in recent decades  - 4th of july weekend is when everyone went on strike so it was socal from los angeles to arizona and phoenix - it was little by little every contract would be settled - they boycotted the entirety of los angeles hotels - some organizations lost hundreds of thousands of dollars because they didn't come to an agreement in time - president of apala because of Lisa and she was her mentor in the movement - she was an intern with local 11 and when the pandemic hit everything shut down and she was still organizing in LA - decertification when 30% of the workplace that has a union signs a petition and sets in process an election for workers to decide to keep their union or not - so she was deployed to help understand these 3 filipino workers and why they were scabs - management was always talking with them about the union and misled them - after one house visit, they showed up and were active in committee meetings - the one time that his workplace went on strike when he was in the philippines , he ended up crossing a picket line because he was fed lies - Ilse Escobar - community organizer with the UTLA - worked at IDEAS - labor unions were not a thing she grew up with - the SEIU and UTLA striked at the same time - but there were some who felt that they shouldn't - "well the cafeteria workers were working while we were out in the rain" - teachers walked out in solidarity with the SEIU - resulted in a huge salary increase for classified workers and teachers - Power Analysis - Two days ago on Wednesday, Wong left his house at 5:30 am and had to get to a hearing at a ice detention center and one of his former students was brought into custody because he couldn't get his daca renewal. - The immigration judge allowed him to post bond. - The GEO corporation bills $300 to the government every night they keep him in detention - this is what the power analysis grid looks like - the president is against us and has the power of 10 - governor newsom is with us on stopping mass deportations but against opportunity for all Week 8 Week 9 -Most presented on the topics of “opportunity for all” and the negative connotations surrounding immigrants One estimated the tax revenue contribution of illegal immigrants to $60 billion federally and $40 billion at the state level ○ ALL Immigrants are a net asset, not liability, as they don’t qualify for many social services It’s even more astounding for legal immigrants, who pay $380 billion in federal and $169 billion in-state Undocumented immigrants also commit crime at lower rates than native-born citizens Teach-Ins -Led by Carlos Alarcon Advocate for immigrant rights at the California Policy Center Led the undocumented students network -Aylon Led center for immigrant center for law and dependence Also a UCLA law professor -UC policy is anti-undocumented students by preventing them from using many educational services -California law, however, prohibits discrimination against illegal immigrants Not forced to respond to ICE -Themes include self-worth, the importance of activism, and defending undocumented students -Immigrants are also short-cut in wages, contributing to generational inequality Questions -How can educational institutions defend the needs of immigrant students, staff, and faculty? Offering more resources for applying to and ensuring success once in college Week 10 (Hasn’t happened yet) BOOKS: Revolutionary nonviolence: - Has been used to overturn racial apartheid, military and police violence, close prisons, end dictatorships - Influenced by Gandhi (satyagraha), MLK - Advocated for the poor and working-class - Unique in that he applied nonviolence to labor struggles - Views nonviolence as active, not passive engagement - Successful movements need research and planning, building a philosophical cadre, practicing nonviolent discipline, and establishing clear set of goals - Steps of nonviolent organizing - 1. Preparation of individuals and communities for nonviolent struggle, focus - 2. Negotiations - 3. Direct action - 4. Follow-up - Linked racial and economic justice to various freedom struggles across the globe - Nonviolent direct action requires constant work  - Nonviolence: The responsible use of power to resolve conflict, build community, heal, and empower. An active force and 'aggressive engagement' applied with love, rather than passivity. - Agape love: The concept of universal love for humankind - Plantation capitalism: Lawson's term for the US economic system, continuing exploitation and disparities - Protracted Struggle: A sustained campaign of nonviolent direct action that creates tension and disruption, forcing authorities and the public to address the movement's demands. - Need to address interconnectedness, interlocking systems of oppression (race, sex, economic) - Threshold moment: key turning point in movement’s history. Lawson views the Memphis sanitation strike as threshold moment, linking civil rights movement with labor and economic struggles Dreams deported: - Written as part of ucla class - The term undocumented preferred over illegal - Any non-citizen can be deported (including legal permanent residents) the forced removal of an undocumented person from the US - High and low priority for deportation, can depend on education level, marital status, age, etc. - Deportations have generally increased over time, sharp increase starting at clinton - ICE oversees detention and deportation process - Secure Communities is a program that has led to an increase in deportations. Collab between ICE and local police - Obama - DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), for undocumented children. Temp legal status and work permits to those who had been brought to the US as children - Mixed status families, some documented, some undocumented are also under threat of being deported - CA Dream Act: If a child was brought into US before they were 16 and they attend school on a regular basis and otherwise meet in-state tuition and GPA requirements, they can still apply for student financial aid benefits even if they don’t have proper visas/immigration documentation - AB540: Allows undocumented students to attend California schools of higher ed and pay in-state tuition. Asian American:  - 1992 - first national organization of AAPI workers - Subject to exploitation and discrimination - 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act - 1st law in US history to exclude a group of immigrants based on their race and national origin. Prevented Chinese + other Asians from coming to US and suppressed their democratic rights - Spotlights various labor leaders → focus on what you talked about in class - AFL-CIO is the first AAPI worker organization within the US labor movement. Before that, union movements often excluded AAPI workers. - Purpose of book: to document stories of AAPI workers Justice for Janitors: - Mike Garcia - led the Justice for Janitors movement for 2 decades - One of the most powerful strikes in modern LA labor history - Result: historic organizing victories, pathbreaking union strategies and tactics, increase in immigrant working power - Won contracts and established union power in building services industry - Started as student activist in chicano movement, became working-class mexican american labor leader - Helped create alliances between progressive labor and latino communities, led movement of worker organizers encouraging people to vote - Mainly immigrants, low-wage workforce - Targeted building owners and managers, not cleaning services, raising legal concerns - Strategies: Turn the janitors’ cause into public relations event, building public outrage for unfair treatment of the workforce. Built coalition between range of parties (police, church, politicians, etc.), targeted areas where it could gain control over labor market for janitors - How different: aimed less at hurting employer and more at creating crisis and reaching out to the general public sensitive to the plight of the working poor, showed ability to influence public opinion to help your cause. The public then pushed politicians and community leaders to support the janitors. - Showed potential for organizing in the low-wage service sector, renewed public interest in labor movement as force for social justice - David Huerta took over when Garcia passed away - SEIU-USWW - Service Employees International Union, United Service Workers West - Strengthened the power of workers in the building service industry throughout California