Science Chp 6 Notes PDF

Science Chp 6 Notes C 66 1 Democretis Aristotle proposed Ia at p sina.te.ms Fire...

Science Chp 6 Notes C 66 1 Democretis Aristotle proposed Ia at p sina.te.ms Fire tie or either earthwater atoms means cannot be cut Ira theyhad 4 qualities dry wet no atoms are and cold of different SIZES in constant motion J J Thomson separated by space discovered electrons John Dalton 3 negatively charged particles Theorized discovered couldn't explain atoms contained all matter is made up of electrons negative invisible atoms why atoms repel atoms each other neutral same substance attract affiantthe whythey eachother elegies atoms of different elements rest of atom are different positive atoms can be rearranged but 4 nevercreated or destroyed James Chadwick Ernest Rutherford 5 discovered neutrons non electrical charged designed the Gold Foil Experiment particles take up positive particles were fired remainingspaceof nucleus at a thin sheet of gold foil atoms were an emptysphere with a he predicted dense central nucleus particleswouldpassthrough nucleus contains neutrons and untouched electrons circle through the empty electrons what happened space of an electron some deflected and neutral atoms have equal protons bounced back and electrons conclusion 6 the centre of an atom has a positive charge Niels Bohr called the nucleus electrons orbit nucleus like how Eart nucleus takes up most orbits the sun mass but little space farther electron is from nucleus the more nucleus is the reason the particles bounced back FleyScanjump from orbit to orbit nucleus is surrounded by when they drop to lower orbit release electrons they lightenergy in the 1920 s he discoverd a positive called 7 charged particle protons kill me  6 1 Pure substance Difference between can't be broken down by any chemical compound or physical means properties are different from its components Element Symbol can't be separated byphysical abbreviation for a chemical element mean can beseparated compounds by chemically pure substance composed of multiple mixture em Components retain their mically joined properties exam Can beseparatedbychemicaland sugar salt propane carbon dioxide physical mean Metals and Non Metals LMFErlso.us Non Metals Hydrogen shiny normallygases not metal or metalliod mall or powdery solids has itsown category turninto a thin sheet of only liquidone is bromine PhokshleParsperties I turn into a thin wire glocated to the right of the staircase chemicalpropertiesof met Metalloids not an akalimetalbut ingrou 7 1 Éff e staffalsell properties of both metals obc of itselectrons all are solids except mercury and non metals located alongthe staircase 6 4 Chemical families column of elementswith similar properties have sameamount of valence electrons Alkaline Metals Group1 reactive metals shiny soft silvery lowboilingmeltingpoints readilycombine withothereleme found in compoundsmore often AlkalineEarthMetals Group 2 not as reactive as group 1 burn different colours TransitionMetals Metalliods Halogens Group17 NobelGasesGroup18 highboiling meltingpoints propertiesofboth reactive non inertgases have more electronsthat metalsand non metals can distribute Affelfound in _Etable unreact they alongthe staircase compoungstakali catastleggdourie  e Periodic Trends 6.7.1 Group Column similar chemical and same amount of atomic number number of physicalproperties valence electrons protons in anatoms nucleus of protonsdetermine Period Row trend of increasing and more more outwards the element decreasingreactivity more reactive mass number important later neutrons protons AtomicNumber mass number massnumber is rounded 29 Helium Element also the number atomic mass is non of protons and electrons rounded number Element symbol mass protons neutrons protons neutrons mass protons pesitive neutrons feutral rounded is the 4 0026 AtomicMass mass number electrons negative isotopes atoms w same amount of protons modelsof atoms of neutrons nucleus in the middle ex Lithifffefentrnym.es contains protons and the number is the mass neutrons electrons orbitaround thenucleu since Titn has 3 protons it must have 4 neutrons Bohr Rutherford Diagrams with each newperiod simpledrawings shows the location of protons neutrons movingdown on theperiodic and electrons in an atom table another orbit 1 Number of electrons equaltoprotons is added 2 in first energy level 8 in secondand third energy level 18 in fourth energy level VexampleI Number of protons equal to atomic number 3 Number of neutrons equal to difference and mass number protons Lewis DotDiagram shows just valence electrons Pt 12 illustrated with the element No 12 S NP symbol and valenceelectrons Flu Fine magnesium 6 7 2 groups column 1 elements in the same grouphave the same amount of valence electrons periods rows elements have thesame amount of energylevels orbits  Stableness Scale NobleGases full energy level of valence electrons very stable and unreactive stable unstable Group 1 17 one electron awayfrom fullenergylevel very reactive to other elements cause it just group2 Gases group16 Group 2 16 FillStellfire not as much as group 1 and 17 middleof the asyougotowards the periodic the middle gypsy table theyget lessreactive atomicradius more periods further valenceelectrons largerradius Effective Nuclearcharge the force of thepositiveprotons causing different amount offorces EnergyLevels morelevelsmeansmoreelectrons but thatmeans more electrons that blockthevalenceelectronsfrom the attraction fromthenucleus so radius increases with moreperiods more protons also means more attraction fromthenucleus left to right attraction increases sincetheenergylevels are thesameamount on a period thesheilding is thesame anddoes have an affectthroughoutperiods E x Iron V s Cobalt Iron is biggersince cobalthas moreattractionfromthe nucleus