NOTA MODULE C Energy Transition Technologies PDF

MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION - TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050  TRAINING GROUND RULES Avoid 100% Full Be Disturbance Attendance Participation...

MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION - TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050  TRAINING GROUND RULES Avoid 100% Full Be Disturbance Attendance Participation Punctual Good % No Smoking Appearance Save Energy “ >” ILSAS is Non-Smoking Put your Please switch Area 0830 : Class starts hand phone Full Dress code 1000 : Tea Break Ask Questions off lights & 1300 : Lunch on silent commitment comply to TNB 1600 :Tea Break to achieve aircond when Please Maintain mode Participate in rules and 1715 : Adjourn training not in use Cleanliness Pay class activities regulations attention in objectives class MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 2 2 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 3 3  ICE BREAKING Sesi Pengenalan “Fikri, TNB ILSAS, Electrical Engineering (Power), 12y” MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 5 5 TRAINER’s PROFILE MOHD SYAIFUL HISYAM BIN MOHD NOOR Qualification: B. Eng. Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Certified Training of Trainer (ToT) City & Guilds, UK Certified Train The Trainer (TTT), HRD Corp Certified IMI International level 1 Award in Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Awareness, UK Certified IMI International level 2 Award in Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Hazard Management for Emergency and Recovery Personnel, UK Certified IMI International level 3 Award in Electric/Hybrid Vehicle System Repair and Replacement, UK Certified Energy Manager (AEMAS) Registered Electrical Energy Manager (Energy Commission) Working Experience: Dec 2019 – Present –Training Engineer, TNB Integrated Learning Solution Sdn. Bhd. – ILSAS Jan 2018 – Dec 2019 – Mechanical Engineer, LEXPRO Mac 2015 – Jan 2018 – Coal & Ash Engineer, Fast Track 3A 1x1000MW Coal Fired Power Plant Project (Manjung 5) July 2011 – Mac 2015 – Boiler, Coal & Ash Engineer, 1 x1000MW Coal Fired Power Plant Project (Manjung 4) MODULE B TRANSITION –– TECHNOLOGIES C - ENERGY TRANSITION TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY PATHWAY 2050 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara Terpelihara 2022 2024 © © ILSAS ILSAS 3 6 6  CONTENTS Kandungan Going Greener with Renewable Energy 1 Empowering Customer Energy Usage Through Energy 2 Management Emerging Technologies Towards Brighter Future 3 Electric Vehicle – Transforming of Transportation Sector 4 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 7 7  LEARNING STRUCTURE MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION - TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 2.0 Empowering 3.0 Electric Vehicle – 4.0 Emerging 1.0 Going Greener Customer Energy Transforming of Technologies with Renewable Usage Through Transportation Towards Brighter Energy Energy Management Sector Future 2.1 Definition of 3.1 Introduction of 4.1 Technology of 1.1 Solar PV Energy Efficiency EV Hydrogen 2.2 Basic Principle of 1.2 Biomass 3.4 Types of EV 4.2 CCUS Energy Efficiency 1.3 Biogas 1.4 Mini Hydro 1.5 Geothermal 1.6 Wind MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 8 8  Objektif Kursus Selepas menghadiri kursus ini, peserta akan dapat: Memahami konsep peralihan tenaga, termasuk mentakrifkan peralihan tenaga, mengenal pasti keperluannya, dan memahami pendorongnya. Memahami sasaran tenaga boleh diperbaharui Malaysia dan mengenal pasti dokumen yang tersedia secara umum mengenai Peralihan Tenaga. Berupaya mengoptimumkan penggunaan tenaga di pejabat serta rumah Mengenal pasti teknologi disruptif dalam Peralihan Tenaga MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 9 9 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 10 10  1. Berdiri di tempat masing - masing 2. Dalam masa 10 saat, Sila buat transformation pertama pada diri anda 3. Dalam masa 10 saat, Sila buat transformation kedua pada diri anda 4. Dalam masa 10 saat, Sila buat transformation ketiga pada diri anda 5. Dalam masa 10 saat, Sila buat transformation keempat pada diri anda MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 11 11  PERUBAHAN Conversion Transformation Modification Mutation Evolution MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 12 12 Maksud “Energy Transition” ? (Energy Transition) Peralihan tenaga merujuk kepada perubahan sektor tenaga global dari sistem pengeluaran dan penggunaan tenaga berasaskan bahan api fosil — termasuk minyak, gas asli, dan arang batu — kepada sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui seperti angin dan solar Fossil-based Renewable Energy MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 13 13 Kenapa “Energy Transition” ? Pada 12 Disember 2015 ketika COP21, sebanyak 196 negara yang terlibat telah bersetuju, melalui konsensus, dalam Perjanjian Paris, untuk mengurangkan pelepasan CO2 sebagai sebahagian daripada kaedah mengurangkan green house gas Above pre-industrial levels MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 14 14 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 15 15 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 16 16 Why Energy Sector ? MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 17 17 Rancangan Malaysia ke-12 Peralihan ke arah ekonomi yang lebih hijau menggunakan sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui kekal sebagai teras pembangunan sosio-ekonomi Malaysia. Beberapa perkara menarik berkaitan tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang diketengahkan dalam dokumen daripada Rancangan Malaysia Ke-12 (RMK-12): Kerajaan komited untuk mengurangkan sehingga 45% intensiti pelepasan GHG kepada KDNK menjelang 2030 Malaysia tidak lagi akan membangunkan loji janakuasa arang batu baharu Lebih banyak syarikat sektor swasta akan digalakkan untuk mengisytiharkan aspirasi mereka untuk mencapai pelepasan karbon sifar bersih menjelang 2050 Instrumen ekonomi seperti penetapan harga karbon, Skim Perdagangan Pelepasan (ETS) dan cukai karbon akan diperkenalkan — syarikat yang mempunyai pelepasan karbon tinggi mungkin berdepan dengan implikasi kewangan pada masa hadapan Usaha akan dipergiat untuk menggunakan lebih banyak PV solar atas bumbung melalui pilihan pembiayaan sedia ada, termasuk program pajakan solar dan PPA MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 18 18 Document berkaitan Energy Transition 27 Julai 2023 - Majlis Peluncuran Pelan Hala Tuju Peralihan Tenaga Negara (National Energy Transition Roadmap, NETR) Fasa 1 telah disempurnakan oleh YB Rafizi Ramli, Menteri Ekonomi di Grand Hyatt Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Peluncuran NETR merupakan titik permulaan dalam usaha mengarusperdanakan peralihan tenaga naratif pembangunan negara. Serentak itu, YB Rafizi Ramli mengumumkan 10 projek rintis perdana yang dijangka menjana pelaburan berjumlah RM25 billion dan membuka 23,000 peluang pekerjaan bernilai tinggi. NETR bukan sahaja dokumen yang mengandungi langkah untuk memenuhi sasaran Net-Zero, tetapi ia adalah gabungan strategi dan inisiatif yang boleh mengubah ekonomi, kehidupan rakyat dan kedudukan negara di peta dunia. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 19 19 Part 1 dan Part 2 NETR MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 20 20  RT 2.0 growth strategies is aligned and supports NETR through delivery of the 9 flagship projects Additional TNB as Support that 9 TNB NETR Flagship Projects Champion Partner TNB can offer 1 - Solar Park TNB TO BE A LEADING PROVIDER OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN MALAYSIA & INTERNATIONALLY 2 - Hybrid Hydro- TNB Deliver Develop Dynamic Drive Floating Solar PV Clean Energy Energy Regulatory Generation Transition Solution Evolution Network 3 - Co-Firing of Hydrogen TNB & Ammonia 1 7 4 1 - Defend Domestic Core 4 - Residential Solar Sim Enable Energy Transition e 2 5 9 9 Grow International Dar 3 by 6 5 - EV Charging Stations MITI Capital Allocation and Value Creation 8 Corporate Structure and Partnership 6 - Kasawari and Lang Petronas Lebah CCS Communication and Stakeholder Engagement Digitalization 7 - Energy Storage NRECC System (ESS) Talent, Capabilities and Culture 8 - Integrated RE Zone Khazanah 9 - Energy Efficiency NRECC and Conservation Act MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 21 21 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 22 22 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 23 23  Going Greener with Renewable Energy MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 24 24 1 2 3 25 HUMAN INDUSTRY BUILDING MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 25 25  Conventional Electricity Network MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 26 26  DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 27 27  DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY Disruptive Technology ialah inovasi yang mengubah secara signifikan cara pengguna, industri, atau perniagaan beroperasi. Teknologi disruptif menyingkirkan sistem atau kebiasaan yang digantikannya kerana ia mempunyai ciri-ciri yang lebih maju dan unggul. Disruptive technology dijangka akan menggantikan conventional grid systems. Distributed Energy Systems utilize small power generators and storage systems distributed across an area yang diedarkan di seluruh kawasan untuk membekalkan elektrik kepada komuniti, rumah, dan perniagaan.. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 28 28  CONVENTIONAL vs FUTURE MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 29 29  4 DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 30 30  RENEWABLE ENERGY Tenaga boleh diperbaharui ialah tenaga yang diperoleh daripada sumber semula jadi bumi yang tidak terhad atau habis, seperti angin dan cahaya matahari. Tenaga boleh diperbaharui ialah alternatif kepada tenaga konvensional yang bergantung kepada bahan api fosil, dan ia cenderung menjadi lebih kurang berbahaya kepada alam sekitar. SOLAR WIND HYDRO OCEAN GEOTHERMAL BIOENERGY MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 31 31  PUSH FACTORS IN GLOBAL MARKET MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 32 32  MALAYSIA RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET Pada 2021, Kementerian Tenaga dan Sumber Asli Malaysia (KeTSA) menetapkan sasaran untuk mencapai 31% of RE share in the national installed capacity mix by 2025 and 40% by 2035. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 33 33  MyRER RE Capacity Mix to achieve the target in 2025 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 34 34  MyRER RE Capacity Mix to achieve the target in 2035 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 35 35 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 36 36  1. Solar PV Photovoltaic – “photo” dalam Bahasa Yunani bermaksud cahaya dan “volt” dikaitkan dengan Alessandro Volta, yang merupakan seorang perintis dalam bidang elektrik Solar PV – adalah sejenis sistem tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui yang menukarkan cahaya matahari kepada cahaya elektrik MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 37 37  Panel solar menukar tenaga solar/foton kepada elektrik. Proses ini dipanggil kesan photovoltaic. Apabila foton terkena peranti photovoltaic / sel solar, tenaganya dipindahkan ke elektron dalam bahan dan menghasilkan arus elektrik. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 38 38  Activity In a groups, try to explain the types of renewable energy below: Grid-connected PV Stand-alone PV Bioenergy Hydro Geothermal Wind MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 39 39  How Solar PV Cell Produce Electricity? MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 40 40  Solar PV Categories Two main categories: Grid-connected (GCPV) Stand-alone/Off-grid (SAPV/OGPV) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 41 41  Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Grid-Connected PV Stand Alone / Off-Grid PV is an electricity generating solar PV is an off-the-grid electricity system for power system that is connected to locations that are not fitted with the utility grid. an electricity distribution system House, factory, rooftop etc. Island, rural etc. Technologies: Tracking, LSS, Technologies: Hybrid Floating, Batteries MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 42 42  Grid-connected (GCPV) Meaning – connected to a national utility grid. Designed to operate with the electric utility grid. Primary components – PV arrays & BOS components (grid-connected inverter, cables, breakers, SPD, fuses etc.) BOS – Balance of system SPD – Surge protection devices MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 43 43  Grid-connected (GCPV) Configuration of GCPV system MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 44 44  Example of PV Installation GCPV system – 4.14kWp (Penang) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 45 45  Installation (6.69kWp GCPV System @ IREC TNB ILSAS Bangi) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 46 46  Installation (803kWp GCPV System @ TNB ILSAS Bangi) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 47 47  Stand-alone (SAPV) Meaning – not connected to a national utility grid. Designed to operate independent of the electric utility grid. Commonly installed in remote locations with no electric utility grid. Supply DC and/or AC electrical loads. In many SAPV systems, batteries are used for energy storage. Can be configured in several ways, such as direct coupled system; or hybrid system. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 48 48  Stand-alone (SAPV) Configuration of SAPV system Hybrid SAPV with battery system configuration for DC and AC loads MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 49 49  Example of PV Installation SAPV system – Solar Hybrid System 276kWp (Semporna, Sabah) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 50 50  Example of PV Installation MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 51 51  2. Biomass Biomass is a biodegradable organic material used to produce fuel and electricity. Biomass comes from various sources such as proceeds from forest harvesting and residues, agricultural wastes such as wheat straw and crops, animal wastes, municipal and industrial wastes. The process of producing fuel and electricity using methods such as; combustion, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 52 52  3. Biogas Biogas is generated from the digestion of organic matter using anaerobic processes. Biogas can be generated at landfills because organic matter such as food waste and crop/plant waste can be grown and compressed in a covered/dark place without the presence of oxygen. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 53 53  4. Mini Hydro A mini hydro system converts moving water energy into electrical energy. It does not require a dam for water storage. Instead, part of the water flow from the river is diverted into the piping system and this water will run micro turbines and generators to generate electricity. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 54 54  5. Geothermal Geothermal systems convert thermal energy from the earth into electrical energy. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 55 55  5. Geothermal MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 56 56  6. Wind Wind is used to produce electricity using the kinetic energy created by air in motion. This is transformed into electrical energy using wind turbines or wind energy conversion systems. Wind first hits a turbine’s blades, causing them to rotate and turn the turbine connected to them. That changes the kinetic energy to rotational energy, by moving a shaft which is connected to a generator, and thereby producing electrical energy through electromagnetism. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 57 57  6. Wind MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 58 58  Solar Potential - World Source: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/world MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 59 59  Solar Potential - Malaysia Source: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/malaysia MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 60 60  WHY SOLAR? From reducing customer’s utility bill to preserving the environment, the benefits are endless. Now with attractive support schemes given to the industry, the best time to go solar is NOW! v Reduce your Hedge against rising Earn a great return on electricity bill electricity cost investment Save the Earth Double roof for cooler Green Branding for the building business MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 61 61  FACTOR DRIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) RENEWABLE ENERGY SCHEME BIOMASS FIT NEM SELCO LSS BIOGAS SMALL HYDROPOWER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC GEOTHERMAL MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 62 62 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 63 63 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 64 64  Empowering Customer Energy Usage Through Energy Management MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 65 65  National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) Driving energy transition and socio-economic advancement 2 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 66 66  Definition of Energy Efficiency VS Renewable Energy RE Energy House usage Changes of energy input to Waste pattern: AC Temp Set = other type of sources 16˚C Use T8 lighting Electricity utility Meter House usage EE Energy The reduction in energy use pattern: Waste without compromising comfort AC Temp Set = 24˚C or quality of output through Use LED lighting daily energy usage behavioral Electricity utility Meter changes and adoption of technology SUSTAINABILITY Both EE & RE should be implemented in parallel to achieve the sustainability target MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 67 67  DEFINITION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY Using less energy to provide the same services without compromising 3 main factor which is COMFORT, SAFETY and QUALITY. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 69 69  Something to Ponder….. “Energy Saving is not necessarily Energy Efficient” however ENERGY SAVING “Energy Efficient is Energy Saving” ENERGY EFFICIENT MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 70 70  Identify the situation….. Watching TV with the lights off Using air conditioning at a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius Read using a table lamp Let the light be on in the morning MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 71 71  Load Apportioning Satellite Dish & Decoder Iron 0.5% 0.5% Television Vacuum 0.9% 0.7% Others Dryer Fan 1.7% 1.1% 4.4% Lighting 5.1% Air Conditioner 39.8% Refrigerator 21.4% Centralized Water Heater 23.7% MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 72 72  Energy Saving Benefits 1) Economical Factor 2) Non-Economical Factor MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 73 73  Energy Saving Benefits Economical Factor By implementing Energy efficiency energy consumption can be optimized. Reduce Reduce Then the following electricity bills operating costs Increase profits benefits will be achieved: MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 74 74  Impact on the Environment with the Use of Fossil Fuel Non-Economic Factor Electricity generation in Malaysia is highly dependent on fossil fuels which emit carbon dioxide (CO2) gas which contributes to global warming due to Home Impact Global Green warming Greenhouse effect CO2 Increased energy efficiency can control emissions / reduce the greenhouse effect and maintain the sustainability of declining Energy usage energy resources for future generations MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 75 75  Activity List the energy saving or energy efficiency we can get from the video we watch. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 76 76 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 77 77  Energy Pyramid MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 78 78  Impact of Air- conditioner 18 ℃ VS 24 ℃ MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 79 79  Impact of Air-conditioner 18 ℃ VS 24 ℃ - Analysis Air-conditioner at 18 ℃ Energy Consumption (per day) – 7.71 kWh Consumption (per Day – RM) – 7.71kWh (0.571) = RM 4.40 Consumption (per Month – RM) – RM 4.40 (30) = RM 132.00 Air-conditioner at 24 ℃ Energy Consumption (per day) – 4.88 kWh Consumption (per Day – RM) – 4.88kWh (0.571) Constant Parameter: = RM 2.79 Consumption (per Month – RM) – RM 2.79 (30) = RM 83.70 Size Air-conditioner : 1.0 Horse Power Room Dimension : 10 ft x 10 ft Mode : Cool Saving: Running Time : 8 Hours Blower : Maximum RM 132.00 – RM 83.70 = RM 48.30 Assuming the initiative is apply to 5 unit air- conditioner RM 48.30 (5) = RM 241.50 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 80 80  Impact of Water Dispenser Constant Parameter: Reading taken every 12 hours MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 81 81  Impact of Water Dispenser - Analysis Active Mode 7.00 AM – 7.00 PM Reading 7.00 AM – 0000 Wh 7.00 PM – 8687 Wh Total Consumption 8687 Wh Consumption (RM) Not Applicable Passive Mode 7.00 PM – 7.00 AM Reading 7.00 PM – 8687 Wh 7.00 AM – 9680 Wh Total Consumption 993 Wh Consumption (RM) 993 Wh (0.571) (30) = RM 17.00 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 82 82  Impact of Lamp Incandescent vs LED MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 83 83  Impact of Lamp Incandescent vs LED – Analysis Constant/Assumption Parameter: All lamp duration time is 8 hours Incandescent Lamp: LED Lamp: (40 W /1000) (8) (30) (0.571) = RM 5.48 (9 W /1000) (8) (30) (0.571) = RM 1.23 Assume 20 units lamp = RM 5.48 (20) = RM 109.60 Assume 20 units lamp = RM 1.23 (20) = RM 24.60 Saving: RM 109.60 – RM 24.60 = RM 85.00 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 84 84 The Sustainability Achieved Via Energy Efficiency (SAVE) 4.0 is a program that grants a maximum of RM400 e-Rebate to domestic households that purchase energy efficient air conditioners and refrigerator with 4-star or 5-star energy efficiency labels from the Energy Commission (ST) in 2021. WHAT IS SAVE 4.0? Maximum RM400 e-rebate program for households that purchase energy efficient that has undergone a performance test for energy efficient appliances that received a 4 or 5-star energy efficiency labels from the Energy Commission (ST). OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the SAVE 4.0 Program are as follows: * Increase the total number of five (5) and four (4) star energy efficient electrical appliances and energy efficient appliances in the market; and * Increase public awareness to encourage them to buy energy efficient appliances that will save consumer’s electricity consumption, especially for domestic consumers. The project’s implementation period has been set for one (1) year from December 2023 to December 2024. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 85 85  MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS (MEPS) 2013 Govern by Electricity Regulation 1994 gazetted on 3rd May 2013 Air Conditioner Type :Non-ducted Single Split Wall Mounted Capacity ≤ 25,000 btu/hr Fan Ceiling Fan with diameter less than 60 inch Wall fan,desk fan,table fan with diameter less than 16inch Refrigerator 1-door & 2-door only Television Type :LCD,PLASMA,LED,CRT Screen size up to or equal to 70 inch Lamp T5 & T8 Fluorescent Lamp Self ballasted single capped CFL Single Capped Fluorescent Lamp & Circular Fluorescent Lamp MEPS Requirement is 2 Star. Self ballasted LED Lamp Washing Machine More Stars More Efficient Type :Top Loading and Front Loading Capacity ≤16kg MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 86 86  MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS (MEPS) 2013 Govern by Electricity Regulation 1994 gazetted on 3rd May 2013 Microwave Oven solo; combination; convection; any other microwave oven with similar function; and exclude any type of built-in microwave oven which its power supplied Size up to or equal to 32 Litre Electric Rice Cooker Capacity: 1.0L ≤ Capacity ≤ 3.6L; and Rated Power: 400W ≤ P ≤ 1600W Freezer Chest with Solid Door Size up to or equal to 320 L Electric Oven conventional mode; convectional mode; conventional and convectional mode; and conventional, convectional and steam mode. For lighting, the packaging for Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps need to have the MEPS Requirement is 2 Star. efficacy value together with the number of hours the LED has been tested More Stars More Efficient For other types of lamp, the packaging only need to have the efficacy value. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 87 87  Emerging Power Technologies Towards Better Brighter MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 88 88  https://tnbgenco.com.my/2024/02/05/tnb-embarks-on-co-firing-project- https://tnbgenco.com.my/2024/03/13/tnb-siemens-energy-cooperation-a- catalyst-for-green-hydrogen/ / joint-study-with- japans-ihi-to advance-energy-transition-agenda MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 89 89 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 90 90  https://solarquarter.com/2023/08/04/tnb-and-petronas-collaborate-to-propel-hydrogen- economy-through-joint-feasibility-studies-for-hydrogen-business-advancement/ LATEST  Feasibility study for advancingthe hydrogen economy hasbeen completed by TNB& Petronas. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 91 91  HIDROGEN? APAKAH IA? Hidrogen adalah elemen paling ringan dan paling banyak terdapat di alam semesta. Ia merupakan komponen utama air dan banyak sebatian organik. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 92 92  S ifat F izik Hidrogen Hidrogen wujud sebagai gas di bawah keadaan suhu dan tekanan standard. Ia tidak berwarna, tidak berbau, dan tidak berasa. Hidrogen juga merupakan konduktor haba dan elektrik yang baik. Ringan Tidak Berwarna Hidrogen adalah elemen paling ringan, dengan jisim Hidrogen adalah gas yang tidak berwarna, tidak atom 1.008 u. berbau, dan tidak berasa. Konduktor Haba & E lektrik Wujud sebagai Gas Hidrogen adalah konduktor haba dan elektrik yang baik. Hidrogen wujud sebagai gas di bawah keadaan suhu dan tekanan standard. S ifat Kimia Hidrogen Hidrogen sangat reaktif dan mudah terbakar. Ia bertindak balas dengan banyak elemen untuk membentuk pelbagai sebatian. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 93 93  Kegunaan Hidrogen dalam Kehidupan S eharian Hidrogen digunakan dalam pelbagai bidang, termasuk pengeluaran baja, pembuatan makanan, dan penyelidikan saintifik. Pengeluaran Baja Pembuatan Makanan Hidrogen digunakan sebagai agen Hidrogen digunakan dalam proses pereduksi dalam proses penyahhidrogenan minyak sayuran pembuatan baja. untuk menghasilkan lemak pepejal. Penyelidikan S aintifik Hidrogen digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dalam roket dan sebagai pelarut dalam beberapa aplikasi penyelidikan. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 94 94  P otens i P enggunaan Hidrogen s ebagai S umber Tenaga B ers ih Pengangkutan Tenaga Kenderaan hidrogen mampu menghasilkan emisi sifar dan Hidrogen boleh digunakan untuk menawarkan alternatif yang lebih menjana elektrik melalui sel mesra alam berbanding bahan bakar, yang menawarkan kenderaan berasaskan petrol. sumber tenaga bersih dan efisien. Indus tri Hidrogen boleh digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dalam pelbagai proses industri, mengurangkan pelepasan gas rumah hijau. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 95 95  Kelebihan Hidrogen sebagai Sumber Tenaga Hidrogen menawarkan pelbagai kelebihan sebagai sumber tenaga, termasuk sifar emisi dan kepadatan tenaga yang tinggi. Zero Emission Kepadatan Tenaga Tinggi Hidrogen menghasilkan tenaga tanpa Hidrogen mempunyai kepadatan tenaga yang menghasilkan gas rumah hijau. tinggi, yang membolehkannya menyimpan sejumlah besar tenaga dalam ruang kecil. Sumber Terbaharui Kecekapan Tinggi Hidrogen boleh dihasilkan daripada sumber Sel bahan bakar hidrogen mempunyai tenaga terbaharui, seperti tenaga suria dan kecekapan tenaga yang tinggi, yang bermakna angin. lebih banyak tenaga yang dihasilkan. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 96 96  Teknologi Penghasilan H i d r o g e n MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 97 97  Teknologi Penghasilan H i d r o g e n Term Definition Thermolysis uses high temperatures—from concentrated solar power or from the waste heat of nuclearpower reactions—and chemical reactions to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water. Thermochemical combine solely heat sources (thermo) with chemical reactions to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen components. Photocatalytic is a processthat usesphotocatalysis for the dissociation of water into hydrogen andoxygen Photoelectrochemical Hydrogenproduction that requires photoanode and photocathode catalysts with the presence of solar Steam reforming is a method for producinghydrogen by reactionof hydrocarbons with water. Partial oxidation Is a method for producingsyngas(H2 + CO)by reaction of hydrocarbon with small amount ofair (oxygen) Autothermal reforming combines steam reforming (SR)and partial oxidation (POX)processes Gasification is a processthat converts fuel at high temperatures (>700°C),without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Pyrolysis is heating a solid/liquid/gas fuel, such as hydrocarbon,in the absence of oxygen MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 98 98  Proses Penjanaan Tenaga Menggunakan Hidrogen 1 Elektrolisis Air Air dipisahkan menjadi hidrogen dan oksigen melalui proses elektrolisis. 2 Pembakaran Hidrogen Hidrogen dibakar dengan oksigen dalam dandang untuk menghasilkan tenaga haba. 3 Penjanaan Elektrik Tenaga haba digunakan untuk menghasilkan wap yang memutarkan turbin dan menjana elektrik. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 99 99  Cabaran P enggunaan Hidrogen sebagai S umber Tenaga Kos P engeluaran hidrogen masih sangat Pengeluaran mahal berbanding dengan bahan api fosil Penyimpanan Hidrogen adalah gas yang sangat dan mudah terbakar, yang mencabar pengangkutan penyimpanan dan pengangkutan. Infrastruktur Masih kekurangan infrastruktur untuk pengeluaran, penyimpanan, dan pengangkutan hidrogen. Keselamatan Langkah-langkah keselamatan yang ketat diperlukan untuk mengendalikan hidrogen dengan selamat. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 100 100  Teknologi Hidrogen di Malaysia Kuching: H2 filling station, Hyundai Nexo and H2 bus 300 kW Alkaline Water Electrolyser  KuchingSarawakwas declared asthe 1st hydrogen hub in Malaysia (NETR) 60 kW backuppower supplyUTM Autonomous Rapid Transit (ART) MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 101 101  Teknologi Hidrogen di Malaysia  H2biscus - Samsung Engineering will execute the FEED for the green hydrogen plant with an annual capacity of 150,000 tons and a green ammonia conversion plant with a capacity of 850,000 tons in Bintulu, Sarawak,Malaysia,with expected completion in 2024.  Parties involved: Samsung Engineering, LOTTE CHEMICAL, Korea National Oil Corporation and SEDC Energy of Malaysia, launched in early 2022. https://www.energyconnects.com/news/technology/2023/november/samsung-engineering-begins- sarawak-h2biscus-green-hydrogen-and-ammonia-feed-project-in-malaysia/  H2biscus project is expected to produce 7,000 tonnes per annum of green hydrogen for Sarawak’s domestic use, 600,000 tonnes per annum of blue ammonia, 630,000 tonnes per year of green ammonia and 460,000 tonnes per year of green methanol for export.  H2ornbill - SEDC Energy Sdn Bhd is collaborating with Japan’s Sumitomo Corp and Eneos on the H2ornbill project that will involve the large-scaleproduction of green hydrogen. Artist impression for H2biscus, investorSouth Koreancompany  SEDC Energy is also in a tie-up with three South Korean multinationals, namely Samsung Engineering, Posco and Lotte Chemicals in developingagreen hydrogenderivative facility. https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2023/06/19/sarawak-ventures-into-green- hydrogen-economy MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 102 102  CCUS in the News  Dari perspektif ekonomi, CCUS berpotensi menjadi sumber baharu pertumbuhan ekonomi negara serta menjana pelaburan asing bernilai tinggi.  Industri CCUS diunjur dapat menyumbangkepadanilai ditambah kasar (GVA)sebanyakAS$200 bilion hingga AS$250 bilion secarakumulatif dalamtempoh 30 tahun.  Selainitu, CCUS juga berupaya mewujudkan sehingga 200,000 peluang pekerjaan baharu serta membangunkanperusahaankecil dan sederhana (PKS)dalam bidang yang berkaitan. https://www.bharian.com.my/bisnes/lain-lain/2023/11/1180746/malaysia-bakal-jadi-peneraju-serantau-industri-ccus KUALA LUMPUR: Kerajaankomited untuk memastikanpelaksanaantiga hab Pemerangkapan, Penggunaan dan Penyimpanan Karbon (CCUS) selari denganagendaPelan Hala Tuju Peralihan Tenaga Negara (NETR) dan Pelan Induk Perindustrian Baharu 2030 (NIMP 2030). Timbalan Menteri Ekonomi Datuk Hanifah Hajar Taibberkata penyelarasan CCUSyang dikendalikan oleh kementerian tersebut meliputi aspek dasar, perundingan, alam sekitar, kewangan, keselamatan, perdagangandan penerimaan awam. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-bisnes/kerajaan-komited-pastikan-pelaksanaan-hab-ccus-selari-dengan-netr-dan-nimp-2030-464134 52 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 103 103  CCUS in the News https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2298307  Integrating CCUS with a hydrogen hub will unlock the potential for trading low-carbon liquid natural gas, reducing emissions for this important regional transition fuel.  Co-locating renewable energy and hydrogen hubs will also enable the creation of green hydrogen — hydrogen extraction powered by zero-carbon renewable energy — to build capacity for long-term green hydrogen exports. https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/695964 53 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 104 104  TNB in the News https://www.tnb.com.my/announcements/tnb-and-petronas-forge-alliance-to-explore-ccs-technology PETRONAS, TNB Join Forces to Advance Malaysia's Carbon Neutral Aspirations  This will be achieved mainly through a collaborative study for the development of green hydrogen ecosystem and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology leveraging both organisations’technical expertise and resources. https://www.petronas.com/media/media-releases/petronas-tnb-join-forces-advance-malaysias-carbon-neutral-aspirations 54 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 105 105 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 106 106  Bio- conversion of CO2 ( Algae Gr o wt h ) The absorbed CO2 is utilized as a source of inorganic carbon for microalgae cultivation instead of being stored, converting the inorganic carbon to organic carbon-based compounds such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, pigments, and phenols via photosynthesis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126042 74 74 75 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 107 107  S to ra ge Options Geological CO2 75 https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25259/chapter/9#320 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 108 108  CO 2E n h a n c e Oil R e c o v e r y ( E O R ) CO2/water EOR CO2EOR http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2021.6.2.1 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 109 109  Geological CO2 S t o r a g e Enhance coal bed methane recovery Depleted gas/oil field MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 110 110  CO2 S t o r a g e i n S e a b e d  Theinjection of CO2into the ocean could causeseawater acidification, leading to harm to marine ecosystems and leading to potentially devastating effects on marine life.  Sincethe London Convention restricted ocean storagein 2007, research in this field has been significantly reduced by considering these possibilities of the above disadvantages. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 111 111  Electric Vehicle – Transforming of Transportation Sector MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 112 112  Activity In groups, try to draw your ideal and future car MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 113 113 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 114 114  Electric Vehicle Definition A EV is defined as a vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery and is capable of being charged from an external source MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 115 115  Why EV & Hybrid? Most conventional vehicles use petrol or diesel as a fuel source that is refined from oil. Oil reserves are diminishing, and the oil consumption of developing countries, such as China and India, is growing. These factors are pushing up the price and availability of oil, especially in countries where it is imported. Recent oil consumption (%) 5.3 3.6 9.9 Rest of the world 3.3 2.9 United States 2.6 China 2.5 Japan 2.5 2.3 India 22.9 Russia 2 Germany South Korea Mexico Brazil Brent Crude Oil Price 1976-2023 France United Kingdom 42.2 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 116 116  Why EV & Hybrid? Conventional vehicles produce emissions, Recent world CO2 emissions (%) particularly CO2, that 20 may contribute to global warming. 23 6 Electricity and heat Transport including road 5 vehicles They also produce Industry Residential smaller quantities of Other other pollutants, such as oxides of nitrogen, 46 carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 117 117  Why EV & Hybrid? A hybrid vehicle typically uses less fuel and produces less CO2 emissions and pollution. An electric vehicle uses zero fuel and produces zero emissions at its point of operation. CO2 Emissions 200 150 Energy production g / km 100 Exhaust pipe 50 0 Petrol Diesel Electricity MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 118 118  Why EV & Hybrid?  Improve urban air quality - Transportation accounts for more than 20% of global energy use and passenger vehicle cause 10% of energy-related CO2 emissions.  Efficient use of Energy ICE EV 40% - 60% > 90% - Electric Vehicle efficiency > Internal Conversion Conversion Combustion Engines (ICE) Efficiency Efficiency MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 119 119  Why Automotive Industry is Shifting Towards EV and Hybrid Vehicles? Environmental Concerns One of the primary drivers for the shift is the growing concern over environmental issues, particularly climate change. Hybrid and electric vehicles produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 120 120  Why Automotive Industry is Shifting Towards EV and Hybrid Vehicles? Government Regulations and Incentives Many governments around the world are implementing stricter emission standards and regulations to reduce air pollution and combat climate change. These regulations encourage automakers to develop and produce more eco-friendly vehicles. In some cases, governments also offer incentives such as tax credits, subsidies, and special driving 7 privileges. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 121 121  Electric Mobility (Electric Vehicle) Why EV & Hybrid? – Consumer Behaviour Consumer behaviour and awareness are changing as more people accepting alternative sustainable mobility modes. – Technology Accelerated technology improvements as industry player new concepts of electric mobility, autonomous & shared mobility and improvement of battery technology. MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 122 122 MODULE C - ENERGY TRANSITION – TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS TNB SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAY 2050 Hakcipta Terpelihara 2024 © ILSAS 123 123  TNB welcomes the opportunity to partner with the Malaysian government and industry to support EV adoption in Malaysia Key Focus 1 Key Focus 2 Key Focus 3 Key Focus 4 Key Focus 5 Reskilling & TNB Fleet Charging Infrastructure EV Coalition EV Studies Upskilling Electrification TNB’s Reskilling Program to TNB plans to gradually Seed rollout of public DC Form an EV coalition that Fund studies to clarify include EV related jobs to electrify more o