Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy Apr2024 PDF

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY 15 APRIL 2024  CONTENTS 1 Global Context of Solar PV Energy 2 Type of Solar Energy 3 Solar Cell Technologies 4 Application of Solar PV 5 Case Study on GCPV System...

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY 15 APRIL 2024  CONTENTS 1 Global Context of Solar PV Energy 2 Type of Solar Energy 3 Solar Cell Technologies 4 Application of Solar PV 5 Case Study on GCPV System 6 Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar PV Energy 7 Solar PV Scheme in Malaysia SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 4 4  TIMETABLE Jadual Waktu SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 5 5  OBJECTIVEs Participants will be able to: explain the basic knowledge on solar PV energy explain the application of solar PV energy describe the concept of grid-connected PV system referring policy and regulation by Malaysian government correctly. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 6 6  Global Context of Solar PV Energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 9 9 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 10 10  National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 11 11  National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 12 12  National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 13 13  National Energy Transition Roadmap (NETR) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 14 14  MyRER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 15 15  MyRER MyRER strategic framework SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 16 16  MyRER Summary of RE resource potential in Malaysia SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 17 17  MyRER Malaysia aims to achieve a higher RE growth, from the existing 23% or 8.45 GW RE in its power installed capacity. Malaysia Renewable Energy Roadmap (MyRER) projected to increase the share of RE to 31% or 12.9 GW in 2025, and 40% or 18.0 GW in 2035. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 18 18 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 19 19  MyRER RE Capacity Mix to achieve the target in 2025 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 20 20  MyRER RE Capacity Mix to achieve the target in 2035 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 21 21 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 22 22  World Source: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/world SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 23 23  Malaysia Source: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/malaysia SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 24 24  Environmental Benefits of Solar Energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 25 25  Type of Solar Energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 26 26  What is Solar Energy? Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy Solar Heating Concentrating Solar Power Solar Photovoltaic (PV) (CSP) / Solar Thermal SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 27 27  Solar Heating “Solar heating is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a solar thermal collector. A sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system for later use.” Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_heating; https://smartsolar.com.my/ & https://www.solartechnologymalaysia.com/solar-water-heater/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 28 28  Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) / Solar Thermal “Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies use mirrors to concentrate (focus) the sun's light energy and convert it into heat to create steam to drive a turbine that generates electrical power.” Source: http://helioscsp.com/global-solar-thermal-power-revolution-urges-for-concentrated-solar-power-innovations/ & http://solareis.anl.gov/guide/solar/csp/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 29 29  Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) / Solar Thermal SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 30 30  Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Grid-Connected PV Stand Alone / Off-Grid PV is an electricity generating solar PV is an off-the-grid electricity system for power system that is connected to locations that are not fitted with the utility grid. an electricity distribution system House, factory, rooftop etc. Island, rural etc. Technologies: Tracking, LSS, Technologies: Hybrid Floating, Batteries SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 31 31  Solar Cell Technologies SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 32 32  Build & Layout SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 33 33  Type of Solar PV Thin Film Monocrystalline Hybrid Polycrystalline SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 34 34  How Solar PV Cell Produce Electricity? SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 35 35 What Types of Solar Panels Are the Most Efficient? Source: https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/11/how-efficient-are-solar-panels#what-types-of-solar-panels-are-most-efficient SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 36 36  Concept of Installation Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Retrofit Free Standing SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 37 37  Manufacturer SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 38 38  Application of Solar PV Energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 39 39  Activity There are several applications in solar PV technology. You are asked to try to explain the applications. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 40 40  1. GCPV w/o Storage SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 41 41  Basic Concept A system that converts sunlight into electricity The GCPV system requires a lively grid line to operate Notes: Grid voltage & frequency 230V, 50Hz (1-phase) 400V, 50Hz or 11kV, 50Hz (3-phase) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 42 42  Configuration DC AC AC Solar PV Grid-Inverter PV Meter Grid The GCPV system is a simple electrical system but requires specialized skills to design and install it. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 43 43  Schematic MS 1837:2018 Installation of GCPV System (Second Edition) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 44 44  Installation (4.14kWp GCPV System @ Penang) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 45 45  Installation (6.69kWp GCPV System @ IREC TNB ILSAS Bangi) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 46 46 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 47 47  Installation (803kWp GCPV System @ TNB ILSAS Bangi) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 48 48  Yearly Saving Year 2020 2021 2022 2023 Saving RM 2,049.12 RM 139,816.61 RM 194,957.44 RM 141,808.69 Accumulative Saving RM 478,631.85 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 49 49  Method of Connection Direct Feed – In Power from the PV is connected directly to the grid line An energy meter is installed to measure the amount of energy generated by PV Typically for industries that install large scale PV systems, the connection is at 11kV grid voltage Consumption Meter Distribution Load Board 230V, PV Array = 50Hz PV Meter Direct Feed - In SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 50 50  Method of Connection Indirect Feed – In PV power is transferred to the grid through the Distribution Board (DB) Indirect Feed - In Consumption Meter Distribution Load 230V, Board 50Hz PV Array = PV Meter SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 51 51  Interconnection Method  Direct- Feed Indirect- Feed  SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 52 52  Factors Influencing Output Power Module Incompatibility Hot spot Impurities / Dust Shading Cable SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 53 53  Grid-Inverter Basic Principal: The function of the inverter is to convert DC Voltage released from PV Module to AC Voltage that can be connected to the grid. AC Voltage and frequency must correspond to the voltage and frequency of the grid. Synchronization is done automatically by the inverter before this voltage is connected to the grid. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 54 54  Function MPP tracking Recording of the operating data & signalling Establishment of DC and AC protective devices Grid monitoring/management SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 55 55  Type of Inverter Central Inverter String Inverter Module Inverter Used for PV Array Very wide use For use only one PV power exceeding module Used for PV Array 100kW power not more than Not economical for large scale Connected to grid 100kW via 3 Phase system There are modules Connected to grid equipped with this via Phase 1 system type of inverter - known as AC Module SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 56 56  Features Heart of the GCPV system The most sensitive component. Easily damaged by Surge Voltage. Most of the inverter's efficiency exceeds 90% up to 98%. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 57 57  Features Synchronization & Anti-islanding: Auto Synchronization: The inverter output voltage must be in sync with the grid voltage before the Inverter is connected to the grid. This process is automatic. Anti-islanding: In the event of a grid failure, the Inverter will automatically shut down. So there is no power supply provided by the GCPV system to the grid. The inverter detects instability of grid frequency, voltage, temperature. In the event of exceptional circumstances or beyond the permitted tolerance value, the inverter will isolate the GCPV system from the grid itself. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 58 58  Factors Influencing Output Power Input Power. It depends on the size of the array installed. Environmental weather. Although the power of the PV Array is high, but if the weather is not as good as haze or overcast; then the output power of the PV Array will also decrease. Improper connection will result in loss of power. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 59 59  Manufacturer SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 60 60  2. GCPV w Storage SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 61 61  Definition Batteries store and produce energy as needed. Capture surplus energy generated by your PV system to allow you to store energy for use later in the day. Provide power when electrical loads require more power than the PV panels are generating. Source: https://www.fuelcellstore.com/blog-section/battery-energy-storage-for-the-pv-system SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 62 62  Basic Operation The PV system The PV system generates little generates solar energy to no solar energy The system will check to see if Energy is obtained from the all of the energy generation battery system can be used to power your After the battery is discharged, household electricity can be obtained from Any surplus energy will be the grid used to charge the battery If the battery is already charged, excess energy will be exported to the grid Source: https://www.fuelcellstore.com/blog-section/battery-energy-storage-for-the-pv-system SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 63 63  Configuration Source: https://files.sma.de/dl/31186/SBS37-60-DEN1751-V21web.pdf SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 64 64  Type of Battery Two Most Common Types of Batteries for PV System Storage Lithium-ion Batteries Lead-acid Batteries Becoming more common in Used for off-grid storage domestic grid-connected solar systems where additional PV storage systems storage is required More expensive Less expensive Lighter and smaller Heavier and larger Requires integrated controller to Requires good charging and manage charging and discharging process to maintain discharging battery health More efficient Less efficient Can discharge more stored Shorter expected lifetime energy Longer expected lifetime Source: https://www.fuelcellstore.com/blog-section/battery-energy-storage-for-the-pv-system SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 65 65  Research Project Solar PV Community Scale 25kW - 100kW Commercial & Industries Generation Grid Distribution Residential Bulk Aggregated Utility Scale Storage Utility Scale 100kW - >50MW 2 - 50MW 2MW DES Objectives of TNB’S BESS 1kW – 5kW To perform peak shaving & power arbitrage To provide frequency control To provide power limit & ramping for PV systems To provide islanding mode To develop VPP Source: Tenaga Nasional Berhad SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 66 66  Field Trial Jelutong, Penang; 50kW 70kWh 400V Li-Ion Operation: Peak Shaving Mode Johor Bahru, Johor; 50kW 156kWh 400V Li-Ion Functionality: Reduction in the feeder / Operation: Peak Shaving Mode transformer peak load Functionality: Reduction in the feeder / transformer peak load Bukit Rambai, Melaka; 280kW 170kWh 400V Li-Ion Operation: Renewables Ramping / Volatge Regulation Mode Functionality: Smoothing needed for swing mitigation Source: Tenaga Nasional Berhad SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 67 67  3. Floating Solar SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 68 68  Definition A system consists of PV panels and floater device, installed on a water body and fixed by mooring and anchoring system Source: TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 69 69  Why Floating Solar? Land area are Reduce water reserved for evaporation development Increase in Water body surface efficiency due to utilization, hydro cooling effect dam etc. Source: TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 70 70  Floating Solar Project Sungai Labu Water Coal Ash Pond, TNB Treatment Plant Janamanjung Capacity: 108 kWp Capacity: 105 kWp Funded by MESTECC Funded by TNB through AAIBE grant R&D Fund Completed March 2017 Target Completion: Nov 2019 Source: TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 71 71  4. Stand-Alone System SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 72 72  Definition Meaning – not connected to a national utility grid. Designed to operate independent of the electric utility grid. Commonly installed in remote locations with no electric utility grid. Supply DC and/or AC electrical loads. In many SAPV systems, batteries are used for energy storage. Can be configured in several ways, such as direct coupled system; or hybrid system. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 73 73  Configuration Direct-coupled SAPV system SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 74 74  Configuration SAPV with battery system configuration for DC and AC loads SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 75 75  Configuration Hybrid SAPV with battery system configuration for DC and AC loads SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 76 76  Installation SAPV system – Solar Hybrid System 276kWp (Semporna, Sabah) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 77 77  Installation SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 78 78  Installation SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 79 79  Installation Pulau Perhentian (Solar Hybrid Plant) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 80 80  Case Study on GCPV System SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 81 81  Hot Spot “Hot spots are areas of elevated temperature affecting only part of the solar panel. They are a result of a localized decrease in efficiency, which results in lower power output and an acceleration of the materials degradation in the affected area.” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 82 82  Cable “Correctly sizing the solar cables ensures that there is practically no overheating and very little loss of energy. Using an undersized cable not only poses a potential for causing a fire due to overheating but is also a code violation in most jurisdictions.” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 83 83  Inverter “Inverters today come with monitoring systems. This means that if your inverter detects a problem with your system – down to an individual panel – you will know about it and can send someone over for maintenance. Inverters also improve the efficiency of the whole system. Energy gets lost when it is transferred from the panels to the home so an inverter that can minimize those losses delivers more power to your home and saves you more money. Inverters become more efficient, installers will need to install fewer panels – saving you money upfront and making solar even more attractive than it already is.” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 84 84  Shading “Solar panels help in maximum utilisation of solar energy during the day. However, shading can have a huge impact on the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. A common misconception is that partial shading does not affect the output of solar panels. In fact, the solar photovoltaic panels consist of a number of cells which are wired together into a series circuit. Because of this, the performance of the solar panel is significantly reduced even if a smallest section of the panel is in shade.” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 85 85  Cell Crack “Cracks may lead to disconnection of cell parts and, therefore, to a loss in the total power generated by the PV modules” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 86 86  Dirt “Accumulation of dirt or particles like dust, water, sand and moss on the surface of solar photovoltaic panel obstruct or distract light energy from reaching the solar cells. This is a major problem since the light obstruction materials pose as external resistances that reduce solar photovoltaic performance.” SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 87 87  Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar PV Energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 88 88  Pros and Cons Advantages of Solar Energy Solar Energy Disadvantages Renewable Energy Source Cost Reduces Electricity Bills Weather Dependent Diverse Applications Solar Energy Storage is Expensive Low Maintenance Costs Uses a Lot of Space Technology Development Associated with Pollution Easy to Install Hard to Dispose Source: https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/5-advantages-and-5-disadvantages-of-solar-energy SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 89 89  Solar PV Scheme in Malaysia SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 90 90  FACTOR DRIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 91 91  Feed-In Tariff (FiT) Malaysia’s Feed-in Tariff (FiT) system obliges Distribution Licensees (DLs) to buy from Feed-in Approval Holders (FIAHs) the electricity produced from renewable resources (renewable energy) and sets the FiT rate. The DLs will pay for renewable energy supplied to the electricity grid for a specific duration. By guaranteeing access to the grid and setting a favorable price per unit of renewable energy, the FiT mechanism would ensure that renewable energy becomes a viable and sound long-term investment for companies industries and also for individuals. Source: https://www.seda.gov.my/reportal/fit/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 92 92  Feed-In Tariff (FiT) Source: http://www.seda.gov.my/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 93 93  Feed-In Tariff (FiT) Source: http://www.seda.gov.my/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 94 94  Net Energy Metering (NEM) NEM is one of the options for you to generate electricity from your own solar PV system, and offset or reduce your electricity bills. This system is designed to provide you credit for any excess of solar energy you generate. It is then used to offset your next electricity bill. This way you can save on your electricity bills and also protect yourself from rising costs of electricity in the future. Even better, you will become a part of the clean energy movement to reduce the effects of climate change! A bi-directional meter will be installed for these types of connections, and you must ensure that adequate communication signal is available since meter reading will be done remotely. Before the solar PV system is connected, TNB will conduct a technical assessment to ensure safe operation and reliability of network. SEDA Malaysia is the Implementing Agency for NEM. Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/net-energy-metering SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 95 95  Net Energy Metering (NEM) Source: http://www.seda.gov.my/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 96 96 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 97 97  Net Energy Metering (NEM) Source: https://www.seda.gov.my/reportal/nem/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 98 98  Net Energy Metering (NEM) Source: https://www.st.gov.my/en/contents/files/download/94/Guideline_for_NEM_Rakyat_and_Nem_Gomen_V24.pdf SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 99 99 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 100 100  Solar For Rakyat Incentive Scheme, SolaRIS is an incentive programme launched by the Government aimed at attracting new installations of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in residential premises. This programme supports the government’s goal of increasing renewable energy capacity in the electricity supply system to 70% by the year 2050 and reducing carbon emissions. A cash rebate of up to RM4,000 will be given to residential customers who submit Net Energy Metering (NEM) application to Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Malaysia from 1 April 2024 onwards and successfully commission their solar PV system installations with TNB. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 101 101 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 102 102 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 103 103  Self-Consumption (SELCO) Apart from Net Metering, SELCO is another option for you to generate electricity from your own solar PV system, to offset or reduce your electricity bills. SELCO lets you consume all the electricity generated by your solar system but will not allow any excess to flow into the utility network. You are required to present to TNB the power flow study of the proposed connection of your generating plant/source (if the installed capacity of the solar PV system is 425kW and above) so we can identify whatever effects it may have on the utility network. Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/selco SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 104 104  Self-Consumption (SELCO) Source: http://www.seda.gov.my/ SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 105 105  Self-Consumption (SELCO) Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/selco SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 106 106  Large Scale Solar (LSS) LSS is a scheme that lets you generate your own electricity via solar PV farm with installed capacity ranging from 1MW to 30MW to 50MW/100MW (for grid/transmission connected solar PV plants) and sell to the grid. This scheme is administered by the Energy Commission and the selection for potential developers will be to through competitive bidding. A technical study must be conducted before submission for the scheme to the relevant authority. Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/large-scale-solar SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 107 107 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 108 108 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 109 109  Large Scale Solar (LSS) Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/large-scale-solar SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 110 110  New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement (NEDA) New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement (NEDA) is a program which allows non-PPA/SLA Generators such as co-generators, renewable energy generators/producers, embedded generators and expired PPA/SLA Generators to operate as Merchant Generators to sell energy to the Single Buyer. NEDA allows these power generators to bid their variable costs (fuel cost and operation and maintenance cost) than those stated in the PPAs and SLAs. NEDA is designed to enhance competition and cost efficiency of the Single Buyer market. Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/new-enhanced-dispatch-arrangement SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 111 111  New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement (NEDA) Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/new-enhanced-dispatch-arrangement SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 112 112  New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement (NEDA) Source: https://www.mytnb.com.my/renewable-energy/new-enhanced-dispatch-arrangement SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 113 113  Corporate Green Power Programme (CGPP) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 114 114  Corporate Green Power Programme (CGPP) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 115 115  Activity Using the NEM Calculator (SEDA), you are asked to design a solar PV system for your home according to your average electricity bill per month. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 116 116 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 117 117  Q&A SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY Hakcipta Terpelihara 2023 © ILSAS 118 118  TNB Integrated Learning Solution Sdn Bhd – ILSAS Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: (+6)03-892272222 Fax: (+6)03-89263505 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tnbilsas.com.my Energy Industry Award Human Resource Minister 2011- Training Provider Award Excellence 2007 Winner –Best Training Provider Category Role Model Company 2013 for Electrical Training Programmes by JTM City and Guilds Approved Training Centre Disclaimer All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of this presentation only and cannot be used or referred to by any party for other purposes without prior written consent from TNB-ILSAS. Information contained herein is the property of TNB-ILSAS and it is protected and confidential information. TNB-ILSAS has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and /or disclosing this information. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ENERGY 121