Study Notes: Nosocomial Infection PDF

Topic: Nosocomial Infection Microbiology and Parasitology Prepared by: Ma. Rosario M. Quejado, RMT, EdD Two categories of infection Hospital -acquired infection or Nosocomial Infection Community-acquired infection Nosocomial infection Those that are acquired within the hospital or ot...

Topic: Nosocomial Infection Microbiology and Parasitology Prepared by: Ma. Rosario M. Quejado, RMT, EdD Two categories of infection Hospital -acquired infection or Nosocomial Infection Community-acquired infection Nosocomial infection Those that are acquired within the hospital or other health care facilities. All other hospital-associated infections, including those that erupt within 14 days of hospital discharge. Iatrogenic infections Physician induced infection This results of medical or surgical treatment and are caused by surgeons, physicians or other healthcare personnel. Community-acquired infections Those that are acquired outside of health care facilities. Those that are present or incubating at the time of hospital admission Most Common Type of Nosocomial Infection UTI Post surgical wound infection Lower respiratory tract infection Bloodstream infection Gastrointestinal diseases. Px. Most likely to develop Nosocomial Infection Elderly patients Women in labor and delivery Premature and new born Surgical/Burn patients Diabetic/ cancer patients. Patient receiving treatment with steroids, anticancer drugs, anti lymphocyte serum and radiation. Px. that are paralyze, undergoing renal dialysis and catherization. Immunosuppressed patients. Factors contributing to nosocomial infection An ever increasing number of drug resistant pathogens. Failure of health care personnel to follow infection control guidelines An increase number of immuno- compromised patients. Other Factors include Overcrowding of hospital Shortages of staff Lengthy, more complicated types of surgery. Increase use of less-highly trained health care workers. Steps to prevent anti microbial resistance among hospitalized adults A. Prevent infection 1. vaccine 2. getting catheters out B. Diagnose and treat infection effectively 1. Target the pathogen 2. Access the experts C. Use antimicrobials wisely 1. Practice anti microbial control 2. Use local data 3. Treat infection, not contamination. 4. Treat infection not colonization 5. Know when to say no to vancomycin 6. Stop the antimicrobial treatment. D. Prevent transmission 1. Isolate the pathogen 2. Break the chain of contagion Infection Control Pertains to the numerous measures that are taken to prevent infection from occurring in healthcare settings. These preventive measures include actions taken to eliminate or contain reservoirs of infection, interrupt the transmission of pathogens and protect persons (patients, employees, and visitors) from becoming infected. Two types of Asepsis Medical Asepsis (clean technique) Surgical Asepsis (surgical technique) Medical Asepsis Procedures and technique that reduce the number and transmission of pathogen Includes all precautionary measures necessary to prevent direct transfer of pathogens through the air, or on instruments, bedding, and other inanimate object. Includes frequent hand washing, personal grooming, proper cleaning of supplies, disinfection, proper disposal of needles, contaminated materials, and infectious waste and sterilization. Goal: exclude pathogens Surgical Asepsis Includes practices used to render and keep objects and area sterile. Practice in operating room, labor and delivery areas certain areas in the health laboratory and patients bedside. Includes scrubbing of hands and fingernails before entering the operating room using sterile gloves, masks, gowns, and shoe cover; using sterile solutions and dressings, using sterile drapers, and creating a sterile field and using heat sterilized surgical instruments. goal: exclude all microorganism.