Analgesic Drugs and Pain Management PDF

It looks like you're asking about different types of analgesic drugs and their uses, as well as pain categorization. Here's a breakdown of your questions: 1. Analgesic drug used to relieve moderate to severe chronic pain: - Opioid analgesic (narcotic) 2. Most widely used analgesic drugs for reli...

It looks like you're asking about different types of analgesic drugs and their uses, as well as pain categorization. Here's a breakdown of your questions: 1. Analgesic drug used to relieve moderate to severe chronic pain: - Opioid analgesic (narcotic) 2. Most widely used analgesic drugs for relieving mild to moderate pain and reducing fever: - NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and acetaminophen 3. Cluster headache treatment: - Triptans are used in the treatment of migraines. 4. Analgesic adjuvants: - Tricyclic antidepressants such as Amitriptyline - Anticonvulsants like Gabapentin and Pregabalin 5. Topical analgesic: - Lidocaine patches 6. Origin of pain: - Physiological (most common) - Neuropathic - Inflammatory 7. Nociceptive pain is further categorized according to the source of pain into: - Cutaneous pain - Somatic pain - Visceral pain 8. Physiological pain caused by injury to -body organs and tissu: 9. Inflammatory pain originates from: - Infection or inflammation 10. Neuropathic pain is: - very complex and chronic, resulting from injury to the nervous system. 11. Moderate pain is treated by less potent opioids like: - Hydrocodone - Codeine - Tramadol 12. Mild pain that persists or is non-opioid is treated after standard increase or insufficient relief with: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Acetaminophen 13. Mild pain can be treated by: - Non-opioids or NSAIDs like Acetaminophen, with or without analgesic adjuvants. 14. Potent opioids like morphine or oxycodone are used for severe pain, with or without analgesic adjuvants like: - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) - Gabapentin - Pregabalin 15. Severe pain is treated by: - persistent moderate pain after standard therapy with analgesics without adjuvants. 16. Amitriptyline is used : -in the treatment of persistent moderate pain It seems like you're outlining information related to the steps of the analgesic ladder and the pharmacology of opioids. Here's a breakdown: 17. Step 1 of the analgesic ladder: - NSAIDs or Acetaminophen 18. Step 2 of the analgesic ladder: - Less potent opioids: Hydrocodone, Codeine, Tramadol 19. Step 3 of the analgesic ladder: - Potent opioids: Morphine, Oxycodone 20. The first endogenous opioid peptide is: - Enkephalin 21. Enkephalin is found as a mixture of peptides differing in their terminal amino acids, including: - Met-enkephalin - Leu-enkephalin 22. The transient action of enkephalin is because of: - Rapid degradation due to amino peptidases, particularly the degradation of the Tyr-Gly bond 23. Most clinically used opioid drugs bind to: - Mu-opioid receptors 24. Activation of Mu-opioid receptors produces effects such as: - Analgesia - Respiratory depression - Euphoria - Decreased gastrointestinal motility 25. Analgesic drugs for moderate to severe chronic pain include: - opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen. 26. NSAIDs and acetaminophen are widely used for: - mild to moderate pain and reducing fever. 27. Triptans are used in -the treatment of migraines. 28. Analgesic adjuvants include : -tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants like gabapentin and pregabalin, and topical analgesics like lidocaine patches. 29. Inflammatory pain can originate from infection or inflammation, while neuropathic pain is complex and results from nerve system injury. 30. The analgesic ladder involves : -progressing from NSAIDs or acetaminophen to less potent opioids like hydrocodone, codeine, or tramadol, then to potent opioids like morphine or oxycodone for severe pain. 31. Enkephalins are endogenous opioid peptides found; - as a mixture of peptides differing in their terminal amino acids. 32. Enkephalins have a transient action due: - to rapid degradation by amino peptidases. 33. Most clinically used ; -opioid drugs bind to mu-opioid receptors, producing effects such as analgesia, respiratory depression, and euphoria. 34. Morphine is: - a prototype ligand for mu-opioid receptors and is obtained from plants. 35. Codeine is obtained from the methylation of morphine and has analgesic effects due to; - its conversion to morphine via O-demethylation. 36. Heroin is : -a synthetic derivative of morphine with rapid metabolism to morphine, leading to euphoric effects. 37. Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine and is marketed as ; -an analgesic agent. 38. Hydrocodone is an antitussive agent often combined with; - acetaminophen or aspirin for pain treatment. 39. Oxycodone is ; -a beta-hydroxyl version of hydrocodone and is marketed in combination with acetaminophen/aspirin/ibuprofen. 40. The administration of these opioids can be; - oral or parenteral. 41- OxycoDONE can be administered orally only: True Explanation: OxycoDONE is typically administered orally and is not suitable for parenteral administration. 42- Oxycodone is marketed in combination with acetaminophen/aspirin/ibuprofen: True Explanation: Oxycodone is indeed marketed in combination with these analgesics to enhance its pain-relieving effects. 43- HydrocoDONE can not be administered parenterally: True Explanation: HydrocoDONE is usually administered orally and is not typically administered parenterally.