Neurorehabilitation Lecture 1 PDF

NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION FOUNDATION AND PRACTICE FOR UNDERGRADUATES Dr. Yasmine S. Gomaa Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Neuromuscular disorders.  Rehabilitation is a process of education of the disabled person with the ultimate aim of assisting that individual to cope with family, frie...

NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION FOUNDATION AND PRACTICE FOR UNDERGRADUATES Dr. Yasmine S. Gomaa Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Neuromuscular disorders.  Rehabilitation is a process of education of the disabled person with the ultimate aim of assisting that individual to cope with family, friends, work, and leisure as independently as possible. It pursues restoration of function as well as facilitation of compensatory or adaptive strategies in any type of disability deriving from any kind of pathological condition.  It is a process that is not done to the disabled person but a process that is done by the disabled person themselves, but with the guidance, support, and help of a wide range of professionals ❑ What is Neurorehabilitation? The process of restoring function in people with neurological damage. It involves a multidisciplinary team and the application of strategies aimed at reducing different forms of disability, and thus at enhancing the quality of life of persons with disability due to neurological disorders. The persons/patients are the center of the rehabilitation process.  Key concepts of Neurorehabilitation Impairment Disability Handicap The concepts were developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 and were linked to the concept of function, which is essential in rehabilitation. Impairment is defined as alterations in anatomy or physiology (bodily structure or function) Disability is the functional consequence of impairment, which can result in restrictions in function such as walking and communicating. Handicap is the description of the social context of the disability, where there are restrictions in fulfilment of social functions (for example paid employment). Definitions of the WHO’s International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (WHO 1980) Impairment Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function Disability Any restriction or lack of activity resulting from an impairment to perform an activity in the manner or in the range considered normal for people of the same age, sex, and culture Handicap A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that would otherwise be normal for that individual. New classifications of the International Classification of Functioning and Disability: ICIDH II Impairment The loss or abnormality of a body structure or of a physiological or psychological function. Activity The nature and extent of functioning at the level of the person. Activities may be limited in nature, duration, and quality. Contextual factors Include the features, aspects and attributes of (participation) objects, structures, human made organizations, service provision, and agencies in the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives. Contextual factors include both environmental factors and personal factors. MEDICAL AND SOCIAL MODELS OF DISABILITY  Medical model of disability Social model of disability Disability is individualized. It is regarded as a A person’s impairment is not the cause of disease state that is located within an individual. restriction of activity Thus, the problem and solution may both be The cause of restriction is the organization of found within that individual society Disability is a disease state, a deviation from the Society discriminates against disabled people norm, which inherently necessitates some form of treatment or cure Attitudinal, sensory, architectural, and economic barriers are equally, if not more, important than Being disabled a person is regarded inherently as health barriers biologically or psychologically inferior to an able bodied person Less emphasis is placed on the involvement of health professionals in the life of a person with Disability is viewed as a personal tragedy. It disability assumes the presence of a victim INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF)  The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability. The model of ICF assistance Using ICF to define the problem related to disability/ICF checklist Is a user–friendly display of the most relevant ICF categories for clinical purposes. The checklist allows the user to identify and qualify the individuals functioning profile in a simple and time efficient manner. The ICF Checklist is a practical tool to elicit and record information on the functioning and disability of an individual. This information can be summarized for case records (for example, in clinical practice or social work). Rehabilitation is an active and dynamic process through which a disabled person is helped to acquire knowledge and skills in order to maximize their physical, psychological, and social functioning. This process can be conveniently broken down into three key areas:  Basic approaches in neurological rehabilitation Approaches designed to Approaches that help to Approaches that reduce acquire new skills and alter the environment, disability strategies both physical and social Neurological rehabilitation is not complicated. It is the practical and common sense application of basic principles applied within the framework of a detailed knowledge and understanding of the natural history of a given condition and associated symptoms.