Neurological Assessment PDF

Neurological Assessment A. Level of Consciousness (LOC) Check Alertness: Assess if the patient is awake and responsive. Use GCS B. Assiss patient’s Orientation Person: Name or identity. Place: Current location. Time: Date, day, or time...

Neurological Assessment A. Level of Consciousness (LOC) Check Alertness: Assess if the patient is awake and responsive. Use GCS B. Assiss patient’s Orientation Person: Name or identity. Place: Current location. Time: Date, day, or time. Situation: Reason for being there. C. Cranial Nerve Assessment (I–XII) 1. I – Olfactory: Test sense of smell (e.g., familiar scents). 2. II – Optic: Visual acuity and field tests. 3. III, IV, VI – Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens: Check pupil size, reaction to light, accommodation, and eye movement. 4. V – Trigeminal: Facial sensation and jaw strength (use a safety sharp/dull test) 5. VII – Facial: Symmetry of facial expressions ( ask the patient to smile) 6. VIII – Vestibulocochlear: Hearing tests (e.g., whisper). 7. IX, X – Glossopharyngeal, Vagus: Assess swallowing, gag reflex, and voice. 8. XI – Accessory: Shoulder shrug and head rotation against resistance. 9. XII – Hypoglossal: Tongue movement. D. Motor System Assess strength: Ask the patient to push, pull, and grip against resistance. Look for symmetry, tone, and atrophy. Observe gait and posture. Perform finger-to-nose. E. Sensory System Test: Light Touch: Cotton ball. Pain: Use a safety pin or sharp/dull test. Temperature: If pain sensation is abnormal. Vibration: Use thing. Proprioception: Ask the patient to identify joint position with eyes closed. F. Reflexes Assess deep tendon reflexes (DTR) with a reflex hammer: Biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar, Achilles. Check for plantar reflex (Babinski sign). G. Coordination and Balance Perform tests like: Romberg Test: Ask the patient to stand with feet together, eyes closed, and assess for swaying. Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM): Finger tapping or hand rotation.