Internal Medicine Notes PDF
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Uploaded by ChivalrousTheory
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
أحمد سمير
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Summary
These are internal medicine notes covering areas such as vital signs, including pulse, edema, respiration, blood pressure, temperature, and neurological examination. Includes instructions on how to examine a patient and details of the methods for doing so. It includes important instructions.
Full Transcript
ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮش ده ﻓﺎﯾﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺮأ ﺑﻮﺳﺖ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺲ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ و ھﻨﻈﺒﻂ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺳﻮا وﯾﻼ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﯾﻌﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻻزم ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎك وﺑﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة: -ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل )ﺳﯿﻤﻰ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل(...
ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮش ده ﻓﺎﯾﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺮأ ﺑﻮﺳﺖ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺲ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ و ھﻨﻈﺒﻂ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺳﻮا وﯾﻼ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﯾﻌﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻻزم ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎك وﺑﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة: -ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل )ﺳﯿﻤﻰ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل( أو ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮ -ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺸﺎن Pulse -ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ -ﺟﮭﺎز ﺿﻐﻂ )ﻣﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ اﺳﺄل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ف وﺣﺪﺗﻚ وﻻ ﻻ( -ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺸﺎن ال Tempوﻗﻠﻢ وﻣﺴﻄﺮة ﻋﺸﺎن Neck Vein Examination -اﯾﺪﯾﻚ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ داﻓﯿﺔ -ﻗﺺ ﺿﻮاﻓﺮك -ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﺨﯿﺮ اﻧﺎ دﻛﺘﻮر ) (----ﺗﺴﻤﺤﻠﻰ اﻓﺤﺼﻚ؟ اﺳﻢ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ اﯾﮫ؟ -ال Proper exposeﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺶ ھﺘﻌﺮف ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮫ ﻗﻮل ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ن Exposeﻛﺬا وھﻮ ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻚ ﺧﻼص -ﻻزم ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن General Examination: أھﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ال Pulse – Edema – Resp Patient should be alert, conscious, with intact memory, normal intelligence & oriented to time, place & people Vital Signs: ﻻزم ﺗﻜﻮﻣﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ 6ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة a. Pulse 1. Rhythm: Regular 2. Rate: اﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ 30ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﺿﺮب ﻓﻲ 2 3. Volume 4. Art. Wall ﺑﻌﻤﻞ rollingﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺎع اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ وﻋﺎدة Arterial wall not felt 5. Equality on both sides واﻧﺖ واﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ﺑﺮﺿﻮ وﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﻛﻞ اﯾﺪ ﺑﺈﯾﺪ وال equalityﺑﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ الVolume 6. Peripheral Pulsations واﺳﯿﺐ اﯾﺪﯾﮫ واروح اﻗﯿﺲ ال Dorsalis pedisو ال Posterior tibial و اﻗﯿﺲ اﻻﺗﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺶ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ﻷن ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎس ﻣﻌﻨﺪھﺎش Dorsalis pedisاو ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ branchﻣﻦ arteryﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ Dorsalis pedis: ﺑﻌﻤﻞ flexionﻟﻞ big toeوﺑﺠﯿﺐ ال tendonف ھﻮ ﺑﯿﻜﻮن lateral to tendon Posterior tibial: اﺟﯿﺐ ال medial malleolusھﻮ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ ال heelوﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺤﺴﺘﮭﻤﺶ ﻣﺘﻘﻮﻟﺶ ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﺔ ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ وﻣﺘﻨﺴﺎش ﺗﻌﻤﻞ On Both Sides ﺧﻠﯿﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺮ اﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﻞ techniqueوﻣﺶ ھﺘﺘﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ Findings : طﺐ ﻟﻮNormal ال ﻓﺎت ده ﻋﻠﻲ ال :Regular Rhythm ﻣﻄﻠﻌﺶ.1 Extrasystole ﯾﺎAF ﯾﺎ2 ھﯿﺒﻘﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺘﺎ؟AF ﯾﻄﻠﻊ 10 اﻟﻔﺮق اﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ- ورا ﺑﻌﺾregular ﻣﻘﺪرش اﻋﺪ- Irregular Irregularity- اﻣﺘﺎ؟Extrasystole ﯾﻄﻠﻊ Regular irregularity- ورا ﺑﻌﺾ4regular اﻗﺪ اﻋﺪ- :High طﻠﻊVolume ال.2 with no و دي ال ﺑﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺮwater-hammer pulse اﺷﻮف ال special character ﺳﯿﺐ دراﻋﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ- ﺑﺲ ﻛﺪةsupport ﺑﺮﻓﻊ اﯾﺪه ﺑﺈﯾﺪي اﻟﯿﯿﻦ اﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ- Ulnar Artery ﻋﺸﺎن اﺑﺘﺪي اﺣﺲ اﻟﻞgentle pressure واﺣﻂ اﯾﺪي اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ب- Comment on pulse: Regular, with rate (----- ), arterial wall not felt with no special characters equal on both sides average volume & intact peripheral pulsations. b. Blood Pressure -رﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﻨﻮدة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻرض ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧﺶ ﻣﺪﻟﺪﻟﺔ -واﻟﺠﮭﺎز وﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ودراﻋﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻋﺎدي ﻧﻘﯿﺲ واﻟﻌﯿﺎن ﻧﺎﯾﻢ -ھﻘﻔﻞ ال cuffو ادور ﻋﻠﻲ biceps tendonواﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ال cuffﯾﺒﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ 3cm -ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﯾﺪﻗﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻚ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ال palpatory methodاﻻول ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض اﻗﻔﻞ ال cuffﻋﺎدي واﻓﻀﻞ ادوس ﻋﻠﻲ ال Pumpﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺎ ال pulseﯾﺨﺘﻔﻲ ب 30-20 mmHgواﻧﺰل ﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺎ اﺣﺲ ال pulseده ﻛﺪة الsystole -اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻧﮫ ﻣﮭﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﯿﺠﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ auscultatoryﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﯿﮫ بً mmHg 30 ﻣﺜﻼ وﺷﻮف ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ازاي ﺗﻘﯿﺲ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اھﻠﻚ ھﺘﻼﻗﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻠﺬﯾﺬ C. Respiratory Rate -اھﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻧﻚ ﻣﺘﻘﻮﻟﺶ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺎن اﻧﺎ ھﻌﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻲ اﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ھﺘﻘﯿﺲ ال Pulseﻋﺎدي و ﻋﺪ ال RRﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻦ ال Chestاو ال Abdomenﻟﻜﻦ اﻻوﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ الAbdomen - Inspiratory + Expiratory = 1 Cycle D. Temperature -اﺗﺄﻛﺪ ان ال Mercuryﻣﻔﯿﺶ ﻣﻨﮫ اي ﺣﺎﺟﺔ طﺎﻟﻌﺔ -ﺣﻄﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺎن وﺗﺴﺘﻨﻲ دﻗﯿﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺜﻼ وﺗﺸﻮف درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻛﺎم وﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر Normal Range: 36.5- 37.3 C وﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ال Axillaryوھﯿﺒﻘﻲ اﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺺ درﺟﺔ او ال Rectalوھﯿﺒﻘﻲ اﻗﻞ ﻧﺺ درﺟﺔ Contraindications for measurement of temperature: - Convulsions & Coma - Infectious discase. - Child