Summary

These are internal medicine notes covering areas such as vital signs, including pulse, edema, respiration, blood pressure, temperature, and neurological examination. Includes instructions on how to examine a patient and details of the methods for doing so. It includes important instructions.

Full Transcript

‫ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮش ده ﻓﺎﯾﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺮأ ﺑﻮﺳﺖ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺲ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ و ھﻨﻈﺒﻂ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺳﻮا‬ ‫وﯾﻼ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﯾﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻻزم ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎك وﺑﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل )ﺳﯿﻤﻰ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل(...

‫ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮش ده ﻓﺎﯾﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺮأ ﺑﻮﺳﺖ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺲ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ و ھﻨﻈﺒﻂ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺳﻮا‬ ‫وﯾﻼ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﯾﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻻزم ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎك وﺑﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل )ﺳﯿﻤﻰ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎل( أو ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺸﺎن ‪Pulse‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﮭﺎز ﺿﻐﻂ )ﻣﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ اﺳﺄل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ف وﺣﺪﺗﻚ وﻻ ﻻ(‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺸﺎن ال‪ Temp‬وﻗﻠﻢ وﻣﺴﻄﺮة ﻋﺸﺎن ‪Neck Vein Examination‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﯾﺪﯾﻚ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ داﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗﺺ ﺿﻮاﻓﺮك‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﺨﯿﺮ اﻧﺎ دﻛﺘﻮر )‪ (----‬ﺗﺴﻤﺤﻠﻰ اﻓﺤﺼﻚ؟ اﺳﻢ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ اﯾﮫ؟‬ ‫‪ -‬ال‪ Proper expose‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺶ ھﺘﻌﺮف ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮫ ﻗﻮل ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض‬ ‫ن‪ Expose‬ﻛﺬا وھﻮ ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻚ ﺧﻼص‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻزم ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن‬ ‫‪General Examination:‬‬ ‫أھﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ال ‪Pulse – Edema – Resp‬‬ ‫‪Patient should be alert, conscious, with intact memory, normal‬‬ ‫‪intelligence & oriented to time, place & people‬‬ ‫‪Vital Signs:‬‬ ‫ﻻزم ﺗﻜﻮﻣﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ 6‬ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ‪a. Pulse‬‬ ‫‪1. Rhythm: Regular‬‬ ‫‪2. Rate:‬‬ ‫اﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﺿﺮب ﻓﻲ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪3. Volume‬‬ ‫‪4. Art. Wall‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪ rolling‬ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺎع اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ وﻋﺎدة ‪Arterial wall not felt‬‬ ‫‪5. Equality on both sides‬‬ ‫واﻧﺖ واﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ﺑﺮﺿﻮ وﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﻛﻞ اﯾﺪ ﺑﺈﯾﺪ وال ‪ equality‬ﺑﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ال‪Volume‬‬ ‫‪6. Peripheral Pulsations‬‬ ‫واﺳﯿﺐ اﯾﺪﯾﮫ واروح اﻗﯿﺲ ال ‪ Dorsalis pedis‬و ال ‪Posterior tibial‬‬ ‫و اﻗﯿﺲ اﻻﺗﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺶ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ﻷن ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎس ﻣﻌﻨﺪھﺎش ‪ Dorsalis pedis‬او ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ‪ branch‬ﻣﻦ ‪ artery‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪Dorsalis pedis:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪ flexion‬ﻟﻞ ‪ big toe‬وﺑﺠﯿﺐ ال ‪ tendon‬ف ھﻮ ﺑﯿﻜﻮن ‪lateral to tendon‬‬ ‫‪Posterior tibial:‬‬ ‫اﺟﯿﺐ ال ‪ medial malleolus‬ھﻮ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ ال ‪ heel‬وﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺤﺴﺘﮭﻤﺶ ﻣﺘﻘﻮﻟﺶ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﺔ ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ وﻣﺘﻨﺴﺎش ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪On Both Sides‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺮ اﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪ technique‬وﻣﺶ ھﺘﺘﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪Findings‬‬ :‫ طﺐ ﻟﻮ‬Normal ‫ال ﻓﺎت ده ﻋﻠﻲ ال‬ :Regular Rhythm ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﺶ‬.1 Extrasystole ‫ ﯾﺎ‬AF ‫ ﯾﺎ‬2 ‫ھﯿﺒﻘﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﻣﺘﺎ؟‬AF ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻊ‬ 10 ‫اﻟﻔﺮق اﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ‬- ‫ ورا ﺑﻌﺾ‬regular ‫ﻣﻘﺪرش اﻋﺪ‬- Irregular Irregularity- ‫ اﻣﺘﺎ؟‬Extrasystole ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻊ‬ Regular irregularity- ‫ ورا ﺑﻌﺾ‬4regular ‫اﻗﺪ اﻋﺪ‬- :High ‫ طﻠﻊ‬Volume ‫ ال‬.2 with no ‫ و دي ال ﺑﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺮ‬water-hammer pulse ‫اﺷﻮف ال‬ special character ‫ﺳﯿﺐ دراﻋﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬- ‫ ﺑﺲ ﻛﺪة‬support ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻊ اﯾﺪه ﺑﺈﯾﺪي اﻟﯿﯿﻦ اﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬- Ulnar Artery‫ ﻋﺸﺎن اﺑﺘﺪي اﺣﺲ اﻟﻞ‬gentle pressure ‫واﺣﻂ اﯾﺪي اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ب‬- Comment on pulse: Regular, with rate (----- ), arterial wall not felt with no special characters equal on both sides average volume & intact peripheral pulsations. ‫‪b. Blood Pressure‬‬ ‫‪ -‬رﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﻨﻮدة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻرض ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧﺶ ﻣﺪﻟﺪﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬واﻟﺠﮭﺎز وﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﯿﺎن ودراﻋﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻋﺎدي ﻧﻘﯿﺲ واﻟﻌﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﯾﻢ‬ ‫‪ -‬ھﻘﻔﻞ ال‪ cuff‬و ادور ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ biceps tendon‬واﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ال‪ cuff‬ﯾﺒﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪3cm‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﯾﺪﻗﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻚ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ال ‪ palpatory method‬اﻻول ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض‬ ‫اﻗﻔﻞ ال‪ cuff‬ﻋﺎدي واﻓﻀﻞ ادوس ﻋﻠﻲ ال‪ Pump‬ﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺎ ال ‪ pulse‬ﯾﺨﺘﻔﻲ ب ‪30-20‬‬ ‫‪ mmHg‬واﻧﺰل ﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﺎ اﺣﺲ ال‪ pulse‬ده ﻛﺪة ال‪systole‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻧﮫ ﻣﮭﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﯿﺠﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪ auscultatory‬ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﯿﮫ ب‪ً mmHg 30‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫وﺷﻮف ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ازاي ﺗﻘﯿﺲ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اھﻠﻚ ھﺘﻼﻗﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻠﺬﯾﺬ‬ ‫‪C. Respiratory Rate‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اھﻢ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻧﻚ ﻣﺘﻘﻮﻟﺶ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺎن اﻧﺎ ھﻌﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻲ اﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ھﺘﻘﯿﺲ ال‪ Pulse‬ﻋﺎدي و‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ال‪ RR‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻦ ال‪ Chest‬او ال‪ Abdomen‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻻوﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ال‪Abdomen‬‬ ‫‪- Inspiratory + Expiratory = 1 Cycle‬‬ ‫‪D. Temperature‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺗﺄﻛﺪ ان ال‪ Mercury‬ﻣﻔﯿﺶ ﻣﻨﮫ اي ﺣﺎﺟﺔ طﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﻄﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﯿﺎن وﺗﺴﺘﻨﻲ دﻗﯿﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺜﻼ وﺗﺸﻮف درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻛﺎم وﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫‪Normal Range: 36.5- 37.3 C‬‬ ‫وﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ال‪ Axillary‬وھﯿﺒﻘﻲ اﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺺ درﺟﺔ او ال‪ Rectal‬وھﯿﺒﻘﻲ اﻗﻞ ﻧﺺ درﺟﺔ‬ Contraindications for measurement of temperature: - Convulsions & Coma - Infectious discase. - Child

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