Networking and Security Midterm PDF

Networking and Security Midterm TCP - Transmission Control Protocol UDP - User Datagram Protocol HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol DNS - Domain Name System SYN - Synchronize SYN-ACK - Synchronize-Acknowledge ACK - Acknowledge _________________________ SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol ICM...

Networking and Security Midterm TCP - Transmission Control Protocol UDP - User Datagram Protocol HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol DNS - Domain Name System SYN - Synchronize SYN-ACK - Synchronize-Acknowledge ACK - Acknowledge _________________________ SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure FTP - File Transfer Protocol SFTP - Secure File Transfer Protocol __________________________ TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP - Interactive Mail Access Protocol POP - Post Office Protocol ___________________________ DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol SSL - Secure Sockets Layer SSH - Secure Shell TLS - Transport Layer Security AES - Advanced Encryption Standard NICs - Network Interface Cards __________________________ MAC - Media Access Control CAM - Control Access Memory ARP - Address Resolution Protocol WAPs - Wireless Access Points WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access WPS - Wi-Fi Protected Setup SSID - Service Set Identifier PSK - Pre-Shared Key APT - Advanced Persistent Threat DoS - Denial of Service DDoS - Distributed Denial of Service IDS - Intrusion Detection System IPS - Intrusion Prevention Systems HIDS - Host-Based IDS NIDS - Network-Based IDS SIEM - Security Information and Event Management PCI DSS - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Three categories of network protocols a. Communication Protocols - exchange of information b. Management Protocols - monitoring and managing activity c. Security Protocols - ensure that data is sent and received securely Communication Protocols TCP - allows 2 devices to form a connection and stream data UDP - does not establish connection before transmission. Less reliable to TCP HTTP - provides a method of communication between clients and website servers DNS - translates internet domain names into IP addresses TCP three-way handshake 1. SYN 2. SYN - ACK 3. ACK Management Protocols SMNP - used to monitor and manage devices. occurs at the application layer ICMP - used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors. occurs at the internet layer Security Protocols HTTPS - a secure method of communication between clients and website servers. Application layer SFTP - used to transfer files from one device to another over a network Web Page Protocols HTTP - developed by Tim Berners-Lee (1989) HTTPS - it uses SSL File Transfer Protocols FTP - one of the oldest protocols TFTP - alternative for FTP Email Protocols SMTP - originally was configured as “open relays” Ray Tomlinson - invented the email IMAP - used to retrieve email. POP - is also used to retrieve email. Supporting Protocols DHCP - supplies IP addresses to clients. DNS - used to match a domain name to an IP address. SNMP - a protocol for managing networks Network Communication Protocols - focus on establishing and maintaining a connection between devices Network Management Protocols - Ensures the smooth operation and sustainability of a network SNMP ICMP ______________________________________________________________________ Data Transmission and Media Access Methods Data transmission - exchange of data between devices through a network. Instantaneous Data Transfer - Communications like online chat or video conferencing need to be transmitted right away Digital Data Transmission - uses voltage differences to stand for the 1s and 0s in data. Transmission Methods Unicast Transmission (One-to-One) - transmits data from a single source to a single destination. Broadcast Transmission (One-to-All) - transmits the data from a source to all the other nodes on a network. Multicast Transmission (One-to-Many) - transmits the data to more than one device but not all of them. NICs - connect devices to the network. - Network adapter or network card - serves as an interface between a computer and the network. Duplex - serves as an interface between a computer and the network. - Half duplex - NIC both send and receive but can’t do both at the same time. - Full duplex - can both send and receive at the same time. MAC - 48 bits long - have six sets of two-digit hexadecimal numbers. - first three sets identify the manufacturer, and the last three sets identify that particular NIC Hubs - Early networks used devices called hubs - Hubs are also known as repeaters - Modern networks don’t use hubs, they use switches. Switches - receive incoming data and send it to other nodes. - When first turned on, switches act like hubs by sending data to all nodes, known as "flooding" the data. Packet Sniffers - allow administrators to capture network traffic. Routers - connects two or more different networks and passes information between them. WLAN - a self-contained network connecting two or more computers wirelessly. - cover small areas like buildings, floors, or rooms. Association - Wireless clients "associate" with wireless networks rather than "connect." - Clients need the Service Set Identifier (SSID), which acts like a network password, to associate with the network. Protection - Networks where users only need the SSID to associate are considered "open" networks. Wi-Fi Modes Infrastructure mode - uses a centralized device (WAP) to manage data between nodes. Ad hoc mode - communicate directly without a central device. WPS - Users can connect by pressing a button on the WAP and the NIC without entering an SSID or encryption key. - WPS uses a short, four-digit PIN for connection. Three Basic Wireless Security - Limit wireless coverage - Disable SSID Broadcast - Enable Mac filtering Wi-Fi Antennas Omni-Directional Antennas - send signals in all directions. Directional Antennas - specific direction Extending Wireless Network Multiple WAPs - require users to manually connect as they move between them Wireless Extenders - act as wireless repeaters, more affordable than multiple WAPs Wireless Mesh Networks - ideal for seamless coverage over a larger area.