Neoplasia PowerPoint PDF

NEOPLASIA BY DR.MUHAMMAD ALI SOOMRO  INTRODUCTION: NEOPLASIA: – It is defined as a new growth and is characterized by un-ceasing abnormal and excessive cellular proliferation. – An abnormal mass of tissue. The growth of which exceeds and is un-coordinated with that...

NEOPLASIA BY DR.MUHAMMAD ALI SOOMRO  INTRODUCTION: NEOPLASIA: – It is defined as a new growth and is characterized by un-ceasing abnormal and excessive cellular proliferation. – An abnormal mass of tissue. The growth of which exceeds and is un-coordinated with that of normal tissue, and persists in the same excessive manners after the evoking stimuli has ceased. NEOPLASIA NEOPLASIA  ONCOLOGY: Study of tumor or neoplastic growth. Differentiation: – The extent to which neoplastic parenchyma resembles their normal parent cells on both functional and morphologic grounds. Anaplasia: – Ir-reversible loss of diffrentiation. NEOPLASTIC COMPONENTS: PARENCHYMA : Constitutes the proliferating part of neoplasm. STROMA : Made of connective tissue, blood vasculature and lymphatics. Provides support for growth of parenchyma. DESMOPLASIA : The excess of stromal content in a tumor and such a tumor is also called Scirrhous Tumor.  PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS: Group of conditions that pre-dispose to subsequent development of a cancer. Certain clinical conditions are well recognized predisposition to the development of malignant neoplasia. It is necessary to recognize pre- malignant conditions as they are markers to determine the disease at early stages. PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS: CARCINOMA IN SITU DYSPLASIA  CARCINOMA IN-SITU: When cytological features are present but the malignant cells are confined to the epithelium without invasion across the basement membrane ( intact basement membrane). Also called intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Return back to normal or progress ahead to form invasive cancer. CARCINOMA IN-SITU: CARCINOMA IN-SITU:  CARCINOMA IN-SITU: It is a true neoplasm with all features of malignancy excluding invasiveness. Common sites are Uterus, Cervix, Oral Cavity (leukoplakia) and Breast(intralobular and intraductal carcinoma of breast).  DYSPLASIA: It is an abnormality of both differentiation and cell maturity. It is an alteration in adult cells characterized by variation in their size, shape and organization. Loss of uniformity of cells and loss in structural orientation. It is principally encountered in epithelium.  DYSPLASIA: DYSPLASTIC CELLS Show: – PLEOMORPHISM: Variation in size and shape of cells. – Raised N/C Ratio: Increased size of nucleus in contrast to the cell (normal 1:4 to 6 becomes 1:1). – HYPERCHROMASIA: Raised chromatin content resulting in deeply stained nuclei. – Raised Mitotic Figure. – Cytoplasmic abnormalities: lack of keratinization in squamous cells and lack of mucin in glandular epithelium. – Disordered organization of cells from basal layer of surface. DYSPLASIA:  DYSPLASIA: Linked with chronic inflammation or irritation. Non-neoplastic proliferation and differs from neoplasia in that growth of dysplastic cell is controlled. It stops when inciting stimulus ceases. Dysplasia carries high risk for malignancy. Common sites involved: Cervix, Lung, Oral Cavity and Gall Bladder. The end! Thank you!