School-Aged Nursing Care PDF

# NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A SCHOOL-AGED CHILD **April Joyce L. Dela Cruz RN, MAN** **Instructor** ## SCHOOL-AGED - 6 - 12 years old ## PHYSICAL GROWTH - **10 years** - brain growth is complete - refined fine motor coordination - **IgG and IgA reaches adult levels** ## SCHOOL-AGE...

# NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A SCHOOL-AGED CHILD **April Joyce L. Dela Cruz RN, MAN** **Instructor** ## SCHOOL-AGED - 6 - 12 years old ## PHYSICAL GROWTH - **10 years** - brain growth is complete - refined fine motor coordination - **IgG and IgA reaches adult levels** ## SCHOOL-AGED - **PHYSICAL GROWTH** - **Sexual Maturation** - brain maturity - hypothalamus transmits enzyme to anterior pituitary gland = produces gonadotropic hormones = puberty - **Sexual and Physical Concerns** - **FEMALE** - hips become broader - menarche - irregular periods - **MALE** - gynecomastia may occur - nocturnal emission - ejaculation during sleep = due to increase seminal fluid production - **TRANSGENDER** - depression and anxiety is common-identity confusion ## SCHOOL-AGED DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE | AGE | GROSS MOTOR | FINE MOTOR | PLAY | LANGUAGE | |---|---|---|---|---| | 6 | Endlessly jumps, tumble, skip and hop; Walks in a straight line; Can ride a bicycle; Skip ropes | Easily ties their shoelaces; Cut and paste well; Draws a person with good detail; Can print letters; routinely reverse letters "eraser year" - focuses more on fine motor skills | Discovers reading as an enjoyable activity | Talks in full sentences; Still defines objects by their use (key is to unlock the door) | | 7 | More quiet compared to an active 6 year old | Can read regular-size type (eyes are well-developed); Writes script in addition to print | Requires more props for play; Imaginative play starts to decline; Develops interests in collecting items | Can tell time in hours; Struggles with "half past" and "quarter to"; Can name months of the year and the holidays; Can add and subtract simple numbers | | 8 | More graceful movements | | Sorting and cataloging the collected items; Becomes more involved in science projects and experiments; Prefers table games - changes rules to keep from losing | | | 9 | On-the-go constantly; "always have a deadline to meet" | Writing begins to look mature and less awkward | Plays hard (before, during and after school); Talents for music and arts becomes evident | | | 10 | More interested in perfecting their athletic skills | | Interested in playing screen games; Slumber parties and campouts become popular | | | 11 | Feels awkward because of growth spurts; Channels their energy into constant motion instead | | Interested in rules and fairness; Enjoys dancing and playing table games; Time with friends spent with talking | | | 12 | Plunges into activities with intensity and concentration; Refreshingly cooperative around the house; Shows ability to handle great responsibility; Completes given tasks | | | Carry on adult conversations; Stories are limited due to lack of experience | ## SCHOOL-AGED EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT - Developmental Task - Industry vs. Inferiority - learning how to do things WELL - finished tasks will help them achieve industry - they spend more time with their peers than at home - problem solving: encourage the child to solve issues rather than offer solutions - "Let's talk about possible ways to solve the problem." - NOT “This is how you do it.” - **Socialization** - 6 year old - plays in group, but when tired, they prefer one-to-one contact - 7 year old - increased awareness of family roles and responsibilities - promises must be kept - pinky swear - 8 year old - seeks company of other children - 9 year old - values peer group seriously - ready for activities away from home - 10-11 year old - often insecure - often attempts many uncomfortable and awkward social experiences before forming comfortable relationships - Industry vs. Inferiority - they are so focused in accomplishing tasks and forgets they must work with others to achieve their goal - they show empathy but can't relate others experiences to their own ## SCHOOL-AGED COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT - **CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THOUGH** - **Decentering** - ability to project one's self into other people's situations and see the world from another's viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own - **Accommodation** - ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding that there can be more than one reason for other people's actions - **Conservation** - **Class Inclusion** - ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification ## SCHOOL-AGED MORAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT - **PRECONVENTIONAL REASONING** - concentrates on "niceness" or "fairness" - rule oriented - "Why is it wrong to steal from your neighbor?" - "Because if you do, you will go to jail." ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROMOTION - **Promoting School-Aged Safety** - **Promoting Nutritional Health of a School-Aged Child** - **Establishing Healthy Eating Patterns** - let them help with meal planning - **Fostering Industry and Nutrition** - Recommended dietary intake - Vegetarian Diet - **Promoting Development of a School-Aged Child in Daily Activities** - **Dress** - care for their own belongings - **Sleep** - **Exercise** ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROMOTION - **Promoting Development of a School-Aged Child in Daily Activities** - Hygiene - Care of Teeth - **Promoting Health Family Functioning** - "Tell me about it” is more preferable to “What is it?" ## SCHOOL-AGED HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **Caries** - **Malocclusion** - deviation of tooth position from the normal ## CONCERNS AND PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **ADHD and ASDs** - **Language Development** - broken fluency - r, I and w problems - **Common Fears and Anxities** - Anxiety related to beginning school - School Refusal or Phobia - Social phobia ## SCHOOL-AGED CONCERNS AND PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOL-AGED PERIOD - **Common Fears and Anxieties** - Anxiety related to beginning school - School Refusal or Phobia - Social phobia - **Homeschooling** - **Children who spend time independently** - **Sex Education** - **Violence or Terrorism** - **Bullying** - **Recreational Drug Use**