NCM 120 Lecture Notes PDF

NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Module 1 Temporary (Agency) Workers Directive ❖ ILO - International Labour Organization ➔ he...

NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Module 1 Temporary (Agency) Workers Directive ❖ ILO - International Labour Organization ➔ help to ensure that temporary agency ➔ Devoted promote social justice and workers receive the same basic international human labor rights employment conditions comparable ➔ Protects the employees and employer for to permanent any unfair labor practices ➔ Promotes the right the employees, Permanent Employment Ideal model of employment 193 countries - 186 are legal or observe the law An employment relationship where an individual works for an employer and ❖ Not member of ILO receives payment directly from them ➔ North Korea This type of employment arrangement does ➔ Bhutan not include a set end date ➔ Monaco ➔ Andora Factors included under Condition of Employment 1. Dress code Gilbert F. Houngbo 2. Number of vacation days ➔ 11th director of ILO 3. Hours worked each day ➔ March 2022 4. Break policies ➔ first African to hold position 5. Work-related responsibilities 6. Number if sick days Principles of ILO base on the Decent Work 7. Also encompasses certain benefit such 1. One that pays a decent income. as retirement plans and health insurance 2. It guarantees a secure form of employment and coverage safe working conditions. 3. Ensure equal opportunities and treatment for all. Condition of Employment 4. It includes social protection for workers and their Normal hours of work families. 5. Offer prospect for personal development and The normal hours of work of any employee encourage social integration. shall not exceed eight (8) hours a day. Health personnel in cities and municipalities with a DECENT WORK ACCORDING TO ILO population of at least one million (1,000,000) or in hospitals and clinics with a bed capacity of at least Is an employment that respects the fundamental one hundred (100) rights of the human person as well as the rights of ➔ Shall hold regular office hours for eight (8) workers in terms of: hours a day, for five (5) days a week, conditions work safety and renumeration, exclusive of time for meals, except where respect for the physical and mental integrity of the the exigencies of the service require that worker in the exercise of his employment. such personnel work for six (6) days or forty-eight (48) hours, in which case, they Nature of Employment shall be entitled to an additional compensation of at least thirty percent Flexible/Temporary Employment (30% of their regular wage for work on the with its implied uncertainties about continuity of sixth day. employment, is the most precarious form of Working Conditions employment flexibility and is therefore the most Night shift differential likely to have an impact upon workers’ well- being. Every employee shall be paid a night shift Restricted working hours and limited duration of differential of not less than ten percent (10%) oh his fixed-term contracts. regular wage for each hour of work performed “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 1| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural between ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock their weekly rest day when such preference is in the morning. based on religious grounds. Overtime work Work may be performed beyond eight (8) hours a day provided that the employee is paid for When employer may require work on a rest day the overtime work In case of actual or impending emergencies caused An additional compensation equivalent to by serious accident, fire, flood, typhoon, his regular wage plus at least twenty-five percent earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamity (25%) thereof. to prevent loss of life and property, or imminent Work performed beyond eight hours on a danger to public safety; holiday or rest day shall be paid an additional In cases of urgent work to be performed on the compensation equivalent to the rate of the first eight machinery, equipment, or installation, to avoid hours on a holiday or rest day plus at least thirty serious loss which the employer would otherwise percent (30%) thereof. suffer; In the event of abnormal pressure oagf work due to Emergency overtime work special circumstances, where the employer cannot Any employee may be required by the employer to ordinarily be expected to resort to other measures; perform overtime work in any of the following To prevent loss or damage to perishable goods; cases: Where the nature of the work requires continuous a. When the country is at war or when any operations, and the stoppage of work may result in other national or local emergency has been irreparable injury or loss to the employer; and declared by the National Assembly or the Under other circumstances analogous or similar to Chief Executive; the foregoing as determined by the Secretary of b. When it is necessary to prevent loss of life Labor and Employment or property or in case of imminent danger to public safety due to an actual or Compensation for rest day, Sunday or holiday impending emergency in the locality work caused by serious accidents, fire, flood, a. Where an employee is made or permitted to typhoon, earthquake, epidemic, or other work on his scheduled rest day, he shall be paid an disaster or calamity; additional compensation of at least thirty percent (30%) of his regular wage. An employee shall be Computation of additional compensation entitled to such additional compensation for work For purposes of computing overtime and other performed on Sunday only when it is his additional remuneration, the "regular wage" of an established rest day. employee shall include the cash wage only, without b. When the nature of the work of the employee deduction on account of facilities provided by the is such that he has no regular work days and no employer. regular rest days can be scheduled, he shall be paid an additional compensation of at least thirty WEEKLY REST PERIODS: Right to weekly rest percent (30%) of his regular wage for work day performed on Sundays and holidays. It shall be the duty of every employer, whether c. Work performed on any special holiday shall operating for profit or not, to provide each of his be paid an additional compensation of at least thirty employees a rest period of not less than twenty-four percent (30%) of the regular wage of the employee. (24) consecutive hours after every six (6) Where such holiday work falls on the employee's consecutive normal workdays. scheduled rest day, he shall be entitled to an The employer shall determine and schedule the additional compensation of at least fifty percent weekly rest day of his employees subject to (50%) of his regular wage. collective bargaining agreement and to such rules d. Where the collective bargaining agreement and regulations as the Secretary of Labor and or other applicable employment contract stipulates Employment may provide.However, the employer the payment of a higher premium pay than that shall respect the preference of employees as to prescribed, the employer shall pay such higher rate. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 2| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Regional minimum wages. HOLIDAYS, SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVES AND The minimum wage rates for agricultural SERVICE CHARGES and non-agricultural employees and workers in Right to service incentive leave each region of the country shall be those prescribed Every employee who has rendered at least by the shall be Regional Tripartite Wages and one year of service shall be entitled to a yearly Productivity Boards. (As amended by Section service incentive leave of five days with pay. Republic Act No. 6727, June 9, 1989). Service charges All service charges collected by hotels, Payment by results. restaurants and similar establishments shall be The Secretary of Labor and Employment distributed at the rate of eighty-five percent (85%) shall regulate the payment of wages by results, for all covered employees and fifteen percent (15%) including pakyao, piecework, and other non-time for management. work, in ensure the payment of fair and reasonable In case the service charge is abolished, the wage rates, preferably through time and motion share of the covered employees shall be studies or in consultation with representatives of considered integrated in their wages. workers’ and employers’ organization Definitions: Forms of payment No employer shall pay the wages of an "Person" means an individual, partnership, employee by means of promissory notes, vouchers, association, corporation, business trust, legal coupons, tokens, tickets, chits, or any object other representatives, or any organized group of persons than legal tender, even when expressly requested "Employer" includes any person acting directly or by the employee. indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee and shall include the government and Time of payment all its branches, subdivisions and instrumentalities, Wages shall be paid at least once every all government-owned or controlled corporations two (2) weeks or twice a month at intervals not and institutions, as well as non-profit private exceeding sixteen (16) days. If on account of force institutions, or organizations. majeure or circumstances beyond the employer's "Employee" includes any individual employed by an control, payment of wages on or within the time employer. herein provided cannot be made, the employer "Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work. shall pay the wages immediately after such force "Wage" paid to any employee shall mean the majeure or circumstances have ceased. No remuneration or earnings, however designated, employer shall make payment with less frequency capable of being expressed in terms of money, than once a month. whether fixed or ascertained on a time, task, piece, or commission basis, or other method of calculating Exceptions of Nightwork Prohibition the same, which is payable by an employer to an Where the woman employee holds a responsible employee under a written or unwritten contract of position of managerial or technical nature, or where employment for work done or to be done, or for the woman employee has been engaged to provide services rendered or to be rendered and includes health and welfare services; the fair and reasonable value, as determined by the Where the nature of the work requires the manual Secretary of Labor and Employment, of board, skill and dexterity of women workers and the same lodging, or other facilities customarily furnished by cannot be performed with equal efficiency by male the employer to the employee. workers; "Fair and reasonable value" shall not include any Where the women employees are immediate profit to the employer, or to any person affiliated members of the family operating the establishment with the employer. or undertaking; and SALARY and WAGES “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 3| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Under other analogous cases exempted by the EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Family planning Secretary of Labor and Employment in appropriate services regulations. Family planning services; incentives for family planning EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Facilities for women a. Establishments which are required by law to maintain a clinic or infirmary shall provide free The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall family planning services to their employees which establish standards that will ensure the safety and shall include, but not be limited to, the application or health of women employees. In appropriate cases, use of contraceptive pills and intrauterine devices. he shall, by regulations, require any employer to: b. In coordination with other agencies of the a. Provide seats proper for women and permit government engaged in the promotion of family them to use such seats when they are free from planning, the Department of Labor and Employment work and during working hours, provided they can shall develop and prescribe incentive bonus perform their duties in this position without schemes to encourage family planning among detriment to efficiency; female workers in any establishment or enterprise. b. To establish separate toilet rooms and lavatories for men and women and provide at least EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Discrimination a dressing room for women; prohibited c. To establish a nursery in a workplace for the It shall be unlawful for any employer to discriminate benefit of the women employees therein; and against any woman employee with respect to terms d. To determine appropriate minimum age and and conditions of employment solely on account of other standards for retirement or termination in her sex. special occupations such as those of flight The following are acts of discrimination: attendants and the like. Payment of a lesser compensation, including wage, salary or other form of EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Maternity leave remuneration and fringe benefits, to a female benefits employees as against a male employee, for work of a. Every employer shall grant to any pregnant equal value; and woman employee who has rendered an aggregate Favoring a male employee over a female service of at least six (6) months for the last twelve employee with respect to promotion, training (12) months, opportunities, study and scholarship grants solely Maternity leave of at least two (2) weeks on account of their sexes. prior to the expected date of delivery and another four (4) weeks after normal delivery EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Stipulation against or abortion with full pay based on her marriage regular or average weekly wages. It shall be unlawful for an employer to: The employer may require from any woman ○ Require as a condition of employment or employee applying for maternity leave the continuation of employment that a woman production of a medical certificate stating employee shall not get married, or that delivery will probably take place within ○ To stipulate expressly or tacitly that upon two weeks. getting married, a woman employee shall b. The maternity leave shall be extended be deemed resigned or separated, or without pay on account of illness medically certified ○ To actually dismiss, discharge, discriminate to arise out of the pregnancy, delivery, abortion or or otherwise prejudice a woman employee miscarriage, which renders the woman unfit for merely by reason of her marriage. work, unless she has earned unused leave credits from which such extended leave may be charged. EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN: Prohibited acts c. The maternity leave shall be paid by the It shall be unlawful for any employer: employer only for the first four (4) deliveries by a 1. To deny any woman employee the benefits woman employee. or to discharge any woman employed by him for the “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 4| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural purpose of preventing her from enjoying any of the What are ULPs committed by both employers and stipulated benefits. labor organizations? 2. To discharge such woman on account of her ULP by bothe management and labor organizations pregnancy, or while on leave or in confinement due are as follows: to her pregnancy; 3. To discharge or refuse the admission of such ○ Interfere, restraint or coercion of employees woman upon returning to her work for fear that she in the exercise of their right to may again be pregnant. self-organization; ○ Violation of a collective bargaining UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES agreement, when circumstances warrant; ○ Initiating, dominating, assisting or otherwise What are some of the ULPs committed by interfering with the formation or employers administration of any labor organization, ULP by management are as follows: including the giving of financial or other a. Requiring as a condition of employment that support to it or its organizers or supporters, a person or an employee shall not join a labor ○ Violation of the duty to bargain collectively; organization or shall withdraw from one to which he and belongs; ○ Payment by employer of negotiation or b. Contracting out services or functions being attorney's fees and acceptance by the performed by union members when such will union or its officers or agents as part of the interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the settlement of any issue in collective exercise of their right to self-organization; bargaining or any other dispute (Art. 248, c. Discrimination as regards to wages, hours of 249 of the Labor Code, as amended). work, and other terms and conditions of employment in order to encourage or discourage Module 2 membership in any labor organization; and Transcultural Nursing - Diversity and CUltural d. Dismissal, discharge, prejudice or Awareness discrimination against an employee for having given Definition of Terms: or being about to give testimony under the Labor Culture Code. (Art. 248, 249 of the Labor Code, as amended) Values What are some ULPs committed by labor Cultural Values organizations? A labor organization commits ULP by any of the Social Organization following violations: Example: NGO, Family a. Restraint or coercion of employees in the exercise of their right to self-organization: However, Ethnocentrism the labor organization shall have the right to Judging one culture by another culture. Can Either be a prescribe its own rules with respect to the positive or negative effect. acquisition or retention of membership; and b. Causing or attempting to cause an employer Example: Asian (Chinese) Culture for eating- Using to discriminate against an employee, including Chopstick. If Ethnocentric it could be a positive or negative discrimination against an employee with respect to perspective from other cultures. whom membership in such organization has been denied or terminating an employee on any ground Colonialism other than the usual terms and conditions under Seeking control or power over an independent area or which membership or continuation of membership people. is made available to other members. Example: Colonization of Spaniards to the Philippines. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 5| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Cultural Imperialism Among these, there are researchers arguing that Example: Westernization models and theories of two modelist (Giger and Davidhiizar and Purnell) who do a myriad of studies Culture Shock on cultural care are extremely simple, Becoming aware comprehensible and suitable for use in many different fields and cultures. Cultural Relativism Madeleine Leininger Recognized the importance of the element of caring in the profession of nursing. She identifies a lack of cultural and care knowledge What is Cultural Nursing? as the missing component to a nurse’s The foundations of transcultural nursing were laid understanding of the many variations required in in the mid-1950s patient care to support compliance, healing, and In nursing, Peplau first mentioned in 1950 that the wellness. cultures were an important variable affecting mental Leininger’s Culture Care Theory attempts to health. provide culturally congruent nursing care through: The growing interest in leininger’s transcultural nursing model has begun with population changes “Cognitive based addictive, supportive, facilitative, and migration. or enabling actress or decisions that are mostly Leininger tried to promote transcultural nursing tailor-made to fit with individual, group’s, or movements. institution’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways. In 1969, the International Council of Nursing (ICN) began using cultural content in nursing. The Leininger’s Culture Care Theory Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS) was The intent of the care is to fit with or have beneficial established in 1974 to train nurses in this area meaning and health outcomes for people of This organization aims to provide the nurses and different or similar culture backgrounds. other health care professionals with the basic Culturally congruent care is possible when the knowledge necessary to develop cultural skills in following occurs in the nurse-patient relationship: culturally sensitive practice, education, research ➔ Together the nurse and the client creatively and management. design a new or different care lifestyle for Since 1989, “Journal of Transcultural Nursing” has the health or well-being of the client. been published, aiming to train nurses about ➔ Care knowledge and skills are often transcultural care and improve their practices. repatterned for the best interest of the Evidence-based studies have been conducted in clients. this area. ➔ All care modalities require co-participation Today, there are about 25 books and over 800 of the nurse and clients (consumers) articles covering research, theory and applications working together to identify, plan, related to transcultural nursing. implement, and evaluate each caring mode This is a promising field study with which Turkish for culturally congruent nursing care. nurses recently started to be familiar. Now that globalization is inevitable, studies on Transcultural Nursing transcultural care practices will broaden the horizons of Turkish nurses and others all around Leininger’s model has developed into a movement the world. in nursing care called transcultural nursing. In addition to Leininger, a pioneer model of In 1995, Leininger defines Transcultural Nursing transcultural nursing, many nurses worked in the As: “ A substantive area of study and practice field of cultural care including Boyle,Campinha- focuses on comparative culture care (caring) Bacote, Yale Langenkamp, Giger and Davidhizar, values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or Juntunen, Leuning, Swiggum et al,. Purnell, Ryan, groups of similar or different cultures with the goal Carlton and Ali. of providing culture-specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 6| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural to help people to face unfavorable human Preservation and/or maintenance conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful Accommodation and/or negotiation ways.” Re-patterning and/or restructuring Leininger Developed New Terms for The Basic Concept The modes have greatly influenced the nurse’s of Her Theory ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care, The concepts addressed in the model are: as well as fostering culturally- competent nurses. Care: Which assists others with real or anticipated needs in an effort to improve a human condition of 6 Prominent Models from Transcultural Nursing concern, or to face death. Caring: Is an action or activity directed towards Model Essential Lesson for the providing care. Culturally Responsive Culture: Refers to learned, shared and transmitted Healthcare Encounter values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways to a specific individual or group that guide their thinking, Leininger’s Sunrise To be culturally congruent, decisions, action, and patterned ways of living. Model providers must collaborate Culture Care: Is the multiple aspects of culture that with the patient by sharing power and respecting the influence and help a person or group to improve patient’s culture as well as their human condition or deal with illness or death. their own. Culture Care Diversity: refers to the differences in meanings, values, or acceptable forms of care in or Purnell Model for To be consciously between groups of people. Cultural Competence competent, a provider must Culture Care Universality: Refers to common care acquire relevant culture-specific information or similar meanings that are evident among many about the patient. cultures. Nursing: Is a learned profession with a disciplined Capinha- Bacote’s To be culturally responsive, focus on care phenomena. Process of Cultural the provider must begin Worldview: is the way people tend to look at the Competence in the with cultural desire, that is, world or universe in creating a personal view of delivery of Healthcare have the attitude that what life is about. Services reflects “ i want to” not “ i have to” do so Cultural and Social Structure Dimension: Include factors related to spirituality, social Jeffrey’s Cultural To continue to develop structure, political concerns, economics, competence and cultural responsiveness, educational patterns, technology, cultural values, Confidence (ICC)Model providers should exhibit and ethnohistory that influence cultural responses moderate levels of self- of people with a cultural context. efficacy, defined as a balance between Health: refers to a state of well-being that is confidence and concern culturally defined and valued by a designated about their skill set, which culture. is most likely to motivate further learning The Culture Care Theory The culture care theory defines nursing as a Andrew;s and Boyle’s Culturally responsive care learned scientific and humanistic profession that Transcultural Concepts is dependent on the in Nursing Practice strength of the provider’s focuses on human care phenomena and caring non verbal and verbal activities in order to help, support, facilitate, or cross-cultural enable patients to maintain or regain health in communication skills culturally meaningful ways, or to help them face handicaps or death. Giger-Davidhizar Culturally responsive care Transcultural requires that provider Assessment Model revaluate how the following Three Modes That Guides Nurses’ Judgments, (GDTAM) six cultural phenomena Decisions, Or Actions “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 7| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Age matt affect cultural responsiveness in the Socioeconomic Status healthcare encounter: Interpersonal relationships 1. Communication Appearance 2. Space Dress 3. Social Use of space Organization Foods and meal preparation and related lifeways 4. Time 5. Environmental control 6. Biological Variation Transcultural Assessment Models Cultural Competence in Nursing Cultural competence is the bedrock of great nurse-patient relationships. Every nurse should make it a priority in their care. Implies the ability of health care workers to give the best medical care to patients while demonstrating cultural awareness for their beliefs, race, and values. It entails having knowledge of patients’ cultural diversity and treating them with this in mind. Culturally Competent Care in Nursing Understanding the relationship between nurses and patients Acquiring knowledge of various cultural practices and views of the world Developing communication skills to promote and achieve interaction among cultures Ensuring a positive attitude is displayed toward differences and various cultures. Components of Cultural Competence in Nursing Cultural Assessment 1. Cultural Awareness Communication and Language Involves examining yourself Gender Consideration 2. Cultural Knowledge Sexual Orientation Involves information about the patient’s Ability and disability culture and beliefs Occupation 3. Cultural Skills “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 8| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Involves your ability to collect relevant data If your patient struggles to speak or understand and process it english. Find a translator who can help make sure 4. Cultural Encounter you understand one another. Encourages nurses to venture out of the Respect is one of the most critical aspects when environment they are conservant with and try new developing cultural sensitivity and awareness. cultures and places. Take the time to understand your patient’s unique 5. Culture Desire cultural beliefs by asking thoughtful, respectful Requires a strong motivation to learn more questions. about other cultures. Improving Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity in Cultural Differences and Sensitivity Nursing It's not easy to overcome your own cultural Those working in the healthcare field, particular in worldview when treating patients, but it is a critical nursing, must be aware of cultural differences and skill to develop for all within the nursing field. use sensitivity when treating each patient. Some hospitals and health care facilities even offer cultural training on an annual basis for their Faith and religious Beliefs employees, which can be very helpful in advancing People of different cultures have unique beliefs, your awareness as well. values, and practices. In conclusion, as an advanced practice nurse, you One of the most common cultural issues that arise will likely encounter several opinions and from nurses involves faith and religious beliefs. worldviews in your day-to-day work. It's critical to Some members of religious groups don't believe in learn how to balance these varying opinions and certain types of treatment, while other people may react in a way that will help you provide the best respond to pain and illness in unique ways. patient care possible. Certain religious groups might refuse prescription medication, blood transfusions, surgeries, or other Culture and Cultural Values potentially life-saving treatment because of their Culture religious beliefs. The customary beliefs, social forms, and material When a nurse asks questions and tries to better traits of a racial, religious, or social group. understand the beliefs of the patient, they can help The characteristic features of everyday existence make accommodations and, if possible, work shared by people in a place or time around traditional treatment plans. Such as diversions or a way of life 1. Customs Social and Economic Sensitivity 2. Heritage People within certain economic and social groups 3. Tradition may also take a different approach to health care 4. Manners and treatment. 5. Civilization Individuals within similar groups or from similar 6. Folklore upbringings might look at health care differently, so nursing professionals should focus on asking MATERIAL CULTURE NONMATERIAL CULTURE questions to gain a better understanding. Each patient has a unique outlook on their situation Tangible things Thoughts and health, so it’s important to educate and treat Objects Ideas instead of immediately making assumptions. Belongings of a group of Attitudes Gender preference and sexual orientation are also people Beliefs of a society factors to keep in mind when treating patients. Physical Structures Trust and Respect Cultural Universals Without your patient’s trust, you will not be able to Are patterns or traits that are globally common to all get very far in helping to develop and implement societies treatment programs. Funeral rites Weddings “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 9| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Celebrations of births Different cultures will have different interpretations of being 'on time* VALUES Working effectively across cultures requires an awareness of different perceptions of time The principles that help you to decide what is right Attitudes to time and wrong, and how to act in various situations Cultural Awareness and Influences on Health Something (such as a principle or quality) intrinsically valuable or desirable Cultural Awareness includes learning about the Cultural Values cultures of clients with whom you will be working; Determine the way of being and guide the behavior also, ask clients about their health care practices and decisions of individuals within the same group. and preferences. Cultural practices/traditions They are symbols that when united represent the influenced health care decisions. Culture can totality of the culture. greatly affect client health, as well as their reactions The cultural values of a group are not always to treatments and care. obvious to the naked eye. These are deeply linked I. African Americans to the identity of this group. A. Descriptions: Citizens or residents of the United States who may have origins in any of the black populations in Africa. FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES B. Communication Spiritual Resilient 1. Competent in standard English Happy People Sense of Unity 2. Head Nodding Doesn't Always Mean Agreement. Hospitable Bayanihan 3. Prolonged Eye Contact-may indicate rudeness or Family-Oriented Bahala na aggressive behavior. Respectful to the elderly Debt of Gratitude 4. Rely on fewer words and use mor nonverbal Hardworking Generousity messages than what is spoken 5. African American speech is dynamic and CHARACTERISTIC expressive. Body movements are involved when Handles Poor Performance communicating with others. Understands Risks 6. Nonverbal communication may be important. Adapts to Opportunities and Changes 7. Express their feelings to their trusted family or Clearly Defined Structure friends. Well-Known Company Policies C. TimeOrientationandpersonalspacespreferences Technology 1. Time orientation Varies According Technological development and its advances are Age,socioeconomics,and subcultures and may highly related to the modification of cultural values. include past, present, or future orientation. The technology commonly exerts a strong influence 2. Members may be late for an appointment because on the daily practices, changing the way they are relationships and events that are occurring may be carried out with each new development. deemed more important than being on time. Technology has the constant in the history of having 3. Members are comfortable with close personal changed the way humans operate. space when interacting with family and friends. D. Social Roles CHANGES IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 1. Large extended-family networks are important; Digitization of Health Records older adults are respected. Mobile App Technology in the Medical Field 2. Many households may be headed by a Electronic Medical Records single-parent woman. Big Data and the Cloud 3. Religious beliefs and church affiliation are sources Improved Patient Care of strength. Information and Communication Technology E. HealthandIllness Telemedicine/Telehealth 1. Religious beliefs profoundly affect ideas about Concept of Time health and illness. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 10| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural 2. Food preferences include such items as fried 2. The roles of women are considered equally foods,chicken, pork, greens such as collard greens, important to those of men but are very unequal in and rice; some pregnant African American women terms of authority. engage in pica. 3. 3. Familylifehasapatriarchalstructure. F. Health Risks 4. Marriage Outside The Faith Is Not Usually 1. Sickle Cell Anemia Allowed;unmarried women remain under the 2. Hypertension authority of their fathers. 3. Heart Disease E. HealthandIllness 4. Cancer 1. Most Amish need to have a church (bishop and 5. Lactose Intolerance community) permission to be hospitalized because 6. Diabetes Mellitus the community will come together to help pay the 7. Obesity costs. A. Nursing Interventions 2. Usually, the Amish do not have health insurance 1. Assess The Meaning Of The Client's Verbal And because it is a “worldly product” and may show a Nonverbal behavior. lack of faith in God. 2. Be Flexible And Avoid Rigidity In Scheduling Care. 3. Some Of The Barriers To Modern Healthcare 3. Encourage Family Involvement. Include Distance, lack of transportation, cost, and 4. Alternative Modes Of Healing Include language (most do not understand scientific Herbs,prayer,and laying on hand practices. jargon). II. Amish F. Health Risks A. Description 1. Genetic disorders because of intermarriage 1. Known for simple living, plain dress,and reluctance (inbreeding) to adopt modern convenience, and can be 2. Non Immunization considered a distinct ethnic group. Various Amish 3. Sexual abuse of women church fellowships are Christian religious G. Nursing Interventions denominations that form a very traditional 1. Speak to both the husband and the wife or the subgrouping of Mennonite churches. unmarried woman and her father regarding health 2. Cultural beliefs and preferences vary depending on care decisions. specific Amish community membership. 2. Health Instructions Must Be Given In Simple,clear 3. In general,they have fewer risk factors for disease language. than the general population because they practice 3. Teaching should be focused on health implications manual labor, diet, and rare use of tobacco and associated with non-immunization, intermarriage, alcohol; the risk of certain genetic disorders is and sexual abuse issues. increased because of intermarriage (sexual abuse of women is a problem in some communities). III. Asian Americans 4. Diabetes Mellitus can become a health issue later A. Description: Americans of Asian descent; can include in life and is related to obesity. ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans, Filipino B. Communication Americans, Indian Americans, Vietnamese Americans, 1. Usually,speak a German dialect called Korean Americans, Japanese Americans, and others Pennsylvania Dutch; the German language is whose national origin is the Asian continent. usually used during worship. B. Communication 2. English is usually learned in school. 1. Languages include Chinese, Japanese, Korean, C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences Filipino, Vietnamese, and English. 1. Members generally remain separate from other 2. Silence is valued. communities, physically and socially. 3. Eye contact may be considered inappropriate or 2. They often work as farmers,builders,quilters,and disrespectful (some Asian cultures interpret direct homemakers eye contact as a sexual invitation). D. Social Roles 4. Criticism Or Disagreement Is Not Expressed Verbally. 1. Women are not allowed to hold positions of power 5. Head Nodding Doesn't Always Mean Agreement. in congregational organizations. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 11| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural 6. The Word“no”maybe interpreted as disrespect for 3. Avoid gesturing with your hands. others. 4. A female client usually prefers a female health care C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences provider (HCP). 1. Time orientation reflects respect for the past but 5. Clarify responses to questions and expectations of includes emphasis on the present and future. the HCP. 2. Formal personal space is preferred, except with 6. Be Flexible And Avoid Rigidity In Scheduling Care. family and close friends. 7. Encourage family involvement. 3. Members Usually Do Not Touch Others During 8. Alternative modes of healing include herbs, Conversation. acupuncture, restoration of balance with foods, 4. Forsomecultures,touching is unacceptable between massage, and offering of prayers and incense. member of the opposite sex. 9. Yin foods are cold and yang foods are hot ;one eats 5. The head is considered to be sacred in some cold foods when one has a hot illness, and one cultures;touching someone on the head may be eats hot foods when one has a cold illness. disrespectful D. Social Roles IV. Hispanic and Latino Americans 1. Members are devoted to tradition. A. Description: Americans of origins in Latin countries; 2. Large extended-family networks are common. Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Colombian 3. Loyalty to immediate and extended family and Americans, Dominican Americans, Puerto Rican honor are valued. Americans, Spanish Americans, and Salvadoran Americans 4. The family unit is structured and hierarchical. are some Hispanic and Latino American subgroups. 5. Men have the power and authority, and women are expected to be obedient. B. Communication 6. Education is viewed as important. 1. LanguagesincludeprimarilyEnglishandSpanish. 7. Religions include Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, 2. Members tend to be verbally expressive,yet Shintoism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. confidentiality is important. 8. Social Organizations Are Strong Within The 3. Avoiding eye contact with a person in authority may Community. indicate respect and attentiveness. 4. Confrontation is usually disrespectful and the E. Health and Illness expression of negative feelings may be impolite. 1. Health is a state of physical and spiritual harmony 5. 5. Dramatic Body Language,such as gestures or with nature and a balance between positive and facial expressions, may be used to express emotion negative energy forces (yin and yang). or pain. 2. A healthy body may be viewed as a gift from the C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences ancestors. 1. Members are usually oriented more to the present. 3. Illness may be viewed as an imbalance between yin 2. Members may be late for an appointment because and yang. relationships and events that are occurring are 4. Illness may also be attributed to prolonged sitting or valued more than being on time. lying or overexertion. 3. Members are comfortable in close proximity with 5. Food Preferences Include Raw Fish,rice,and family,friends, and acquaintances. vegetables. 4. Members are very tactile and use embrace and F. Health Risks hand shakes. 1. Hypertension 5. Members value the physical presence of others. 2. Heart disease 6. Politeness and modesty are important. 3. Cancer D. Social Roles 4. Lactose intolerance 1. The nuclear family The Basic Unit;also,large 5. Thalassemia extended-family networks are common. G. Nursing Interventions 2. The extended family is highly regarded. 1. Be aware of andrespec physical 3. Theneeds The Family Take precedence over the boundaries;request permission to touch the client needs of an individual family member. before doing so. 2. Limit eye contact. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 12| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural 4. Depending on age and acculturation factors, men including parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii; are usually the decision-makers and wage earners comprises a large number of distinct tribes, states, and and women are the caretakers and homemakers. ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political 5. Religion is usually Catholicism but may vary communities. depending on origin. 6. Members usually have strong church affiliations. B. Communication 7. Social organizations are strong within the 1. Linguistic diversity,depending on the origin community. 2. The use of a professional interpreter is important. E. HealthandIllness 3. Silence conveys respect for the speaker for some 1. Health may be viewed as a reward from God or a groups. result of good luck. 4. Some members may speak in a low tone of voice 2. Some members believe that health results from a and expect others to be attentive. state Of physical and emotional balance. 5. Eye contact may be viewed as a sign of disrespect. 3. Illness May be viewed by some members to be a 6. Body language is important. result Of God’s punishment for sins. C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences 4. Some members may adhere nontraditional health 1. Membersareorientedprimarilytothepresent. measures such as folk medicine. 2. Personal space is important. 5. Food preferences include beans,fried foods,and 3. Members may lightly touch another person’s hand spicyfoods. during greetings. F. Health Risks 4. Massage may be used for the newborn to promote 1. Hypertension bonding between the infant and mother. 2. Heart Disease 5. Some groups may prohibit touching a dead body. 3. Diabetes mellitus D. Social Roles 4. Obesity 1. Members are family-oriented. 5. Lactose intolerance 2. The basic family unit is the extended family,which 6. Parasites often includes persons from several households. G. Nursing Interventions 3. In some groups, grand parents are viewed as family 1. Allow time for the client to discuss treatment leaders. options with family members. 4. Elders are honored. 2. Protect privacy. 5. Children are taught to respect traditions. 3. Offer to call clergy because of the significance of 6. The father usually does all work out side the religious preferences related to illnesses. home,and the mother assumes responsibility for 4. Ask permission before touching a child when domestic duties. planning to examine or care for him or her; some 7. Sacred myths and legends provide spiritual believe that touching the child is important when guidance for some groups. speaking to the child to prevent “evil- eye.” 8. Most members adhere to some form of Christianity, 5. Be flexible regarding the time of arrival for and religion and healing practices are usually appointments and avoid rigidity in scheduling care. integrated 6. Alternative modes of healing include herbs, 9. Community social organizations are important. consultation with lay healers, restoration of balance E. Health and Illness with hot or cold foods, prayer, and religious medals. 1. Health is usually considered state harmony 7. Treat each client and individuals accompanying the between the individual, family, and environment. client with respect and be aware of the differences 2. Some groups believe that illness is caused by and diversity of beliefs about health, illness, and supernatural forces and disequilibrium between the treatment modalities. person and environment. 3. Traditional Health and illness beliefs may continue to be observed by some groups, including natural V. Native Americans and religious folk medicine traditions. A. Description: Term that the US government uses to 4. For some groups, food preferences include describe indigenous peoples from the regions of North cornmeal, fish, game, fruits, and berries. America encompassed by the continental United States, F. Health Risks “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 13| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural 1. Alcohol Abuse 3. Religions Are Varied,depending on their origin. 2. Obesity 4. Community Social Organizations Are Important. 3. Heart Disease E. Health and Illness 4. Diabetes Mellitus 1. Health is usually viewed as an absence of disease 5. Tuberculosis or illness. 6. Arthritis 2. Many members usually tend to be stoic when 7. Lactose intolerance expressing physical concerns. 8. Gallbladder Disease 3. Members usually rely primarily on the modern G. Nursing Interventions Western health care delivery system. 1. Clarify communication. 4. Food preferences are based on the origin; many 2. Understand that the client may be attentive, even members prefer foods containing carbohydrates when eye contact is absent. and meat items. 3. Be attentive to your own use of body language F. Health Risks when caring for the client or family. 1. Cancer 4. Obtain input from members of the extended family. 2. Heart Disease 5. Encourage the client to personalize the space in 3. Diabetes Mellitus which health care is delivered; for example, 4. Obesity encourage the client to bring personal items or 5. Hypertension objects to the hospital. 6. Thalassemia 6. In the home, assess for the availability of running G. Nursing Interventions water,and modify infection control and hygiene 1. Assess The Meaning Of The Client's Verbal And practices as necessary. Nonverbal behavior. 7. Alternative modes of healing include 2. Respect the client’s personal space and time. herbs,restoration of balance between the person 3. Be flexible and avoid rigidity in scheduling care. and the universe, and consultation with traditional 4. Encourage family involvement healers VII. ARABS VI. White Americans A. Description A. Description: Term used to include US Citizens or 1. Arabs trace their ancestry and traditions to the residents having origins in any of the original people of nomadic desert tribes of the Arabian Peninsula Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa; the term is 2. Arab Americans are defined as immigrants from the interchangeable with Caucasian American. 22 Arab countries of North Africa and Southwest B. Communication Asia: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, 1. Languages include the language of origin Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, (e.g.,Italian,Polish, French, Russian) and English. Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, 2. Silence can be used to show respect or disrespect Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab for another, depending on the situation. Emirates, and Yemen 3. Eye contact is usually viewed as indicating trust B. Communication worthiness in most origins. 1. They share a common language, Arabic, and most C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences are united by Islam, a major world religion that 1. Members Are Usually Future-oriented. originated in 7th-century Arabia. 2. Time is valued ;members tend to be on time and to 2. The Arab person’s speech is likely to be be impatient with people who are not on time. characterized by repetition and gesturing, 3. Some members may tend to avoid close physical particularly when involved in serious discussions. contact. 3. Arabs may be loud and expressive when involved 4. Hand shakes are usually used for formal greetings. in serious discussions to stress their commitment D. Social Roles and their sincerity in the subject matter 1. The nuclear family is the basic unit ;the extended 4. Observers witnessing such impassioned family is also important communication may assume that Arabs are 2. The man is usually the dominant figure,but a variety argumentative, confrontational, or aggressive. of gender roles exist within families and 5. Maintaining eye contact when talking might make relationships. Muslim women and the elderly uncomfortable. “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 14| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural 6. Arabs need to develop personal relationships with 3. Concerns About Amount And Balance Among Food healthcare providers before sharing personal Types(hot, cold, dry, moist) may be traced to the information. Prophet Mohammed, who taught that “the stomach C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences is the house of every disease, and abstinence is 1. ThroughouttheArabworld,thereisnonchalanceabout the head of every remedy” (Al-Akili, 1993, p. 7). punctuality except in cases of business or 4. Illness is related to excessive Eating, eating before professional meetings; otherwise, the pace of life is a previously eaten meal is digested, eating more leisurely than in the West. nutritionally deficient food, mixing opposing types of 2. Social events and appointments tend not to have a foods, and consuming elaborately prepared foods. fixed beginning or end. Conversely, abstinence allows the body to expel 3. Etiquette requires shaking hands on arrival and disease. departure of the same sex/gender. 5. The condition of the alimentary tract has priority 4. Touching someone of the opposite sex may be over all other body systems in the Arab perception carefully avoided. A Muslim woman may be of health. reluctant to shake hands with a man, even as part 6. Obesity is a problem for second-generation Arab of an introduction. American women and children, most of whom 5. “Social Distance”is especially important report eating American snacks that are high in fat tomaintainwhen interacting with Muslim women. and calories. The difference may be obvious when dealing with a 7. Illness is considered a punishment for one’s sins. woman from a more conservative group. If she 8. Mental or emotional illnesses may be attributed to takes a small step backward it is indicative that, the possession by evil jinn. though interested in the conversation, she is 9. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are forbidden uncomfortable and it would be kind to respect her because they believe in the sanctity of life. space. 10. Spiritual beliefs and health-care practices for Arab D. Social Roles American 1. Arab Muslim families are characterized by a strong 11. Christians are similar to those of Orthodox or patrilineal tradition. Women are subordinate to men, Catholics. and young people are subordinate to older people. F. Health Risks Muslims are very particular about showing respect 1. Obesity for elders. 2. Diabetes Mellitus 2. 2. Withinthelargerextendedfamily,the older male 3. CardiovascularDisease figure assumes the role of decision-maker. 4. Thalassemia 3. Islam encourages Muslims to dress modestly. 5. Asthma Muslim women from diverse backgrounds observe 6. Tuberculosis modesty in their way and that explains the variation 7. HepatitisA/B in their dress codes across cultures. Wearing the 8. Lung and colorectal cancer Hijab (head covering) is a mark of devotion and G. Nursing Interventions commitment to Faith. 1. A female client usually prefers a female health care 4. Child-rearing patterns also include great respect provider. toward parents and elders. Children are raised to 2. In emergency situations to save a life or prevent not question elders and to be obedient to older injury,it is acceptable to be treated and handled by brothers and sisters the opposite gender. E. Health and Illness 3. Encourage family involvement. 1. Arabs Associate Good Health With Eating 4. Be Flexible And Avoid Rigidity In Scheduling Care. Properly,consuming nutritious foods, and fasting to 5. Passing an item to someone with the left hand cure disease. maybe considered rude by some Muslims 2. Illness is viewed as an imbalance between the 6. Alternative methods of healing include combining humors—black bile, blood, phlegm, and yellow spiritual medicine, the performance of daily prayers, bile—and the primary attributes of dryness, heat, and reading or listening to the Qur’an with cold, and moisture conventional medical treatment, treating the disease’s opposite: hot disease, cold remedy, “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 15| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural simple foods such as dates, honey, salt, and olive is also true of the practice of washing one’s hands oil. and praying before and after eating. 6. The preservation of life is one of Judaism’s greatest VIII. Jewish priorities. Even the laws that govern the Sabbath A. Description may be broken if one can help save a life. 1. Being Jewish refers to both a people and a 7. Taking medication that is not necessary to preserve religion,not a race. life on the Sabbath may be viewed as “work” and is 2. The people are called Jewish,their faith unacceptable. Judaism,their language Hebrew, and their land 8. To abstain from healing would be equivalent to Israel. murder. 3. Judaism is both a religion and a culture. F. Health Risks B. Communication 1. Lactase Deficiency 1. English is the primary language of Jewish 2. Tay-Sachs Disease Americans. 3. Factor XI plasma thromboplastin plastic antecedent 2. Hebrew is the official language of the state of Israel Genetic(PTA) deficiency and is used for religious prayers by all Jews 4. HaemophiliaC wherever they live. 5. Phenylketonuria 3. Communication practices are more related to their 6. Myopia American up bringing than to their religious 7. Hypercholesterolemia practices. 8. BreastCancer 4. Humor is frequently used as a coping mechanism 9. Mental Health Problems(PTSD) and as a way to communicate with others. G. Nursing Interventions C. Time Orientation and personal spaces preferences 1. Some clients prefer health care providers of the 1. Jews have never perceived time as progressive,but same gender. rather as a fragmented line. 2. Nurses/health care providers should touch Hasidic 2. Hasidic Jewish men are not permitted to touch a men only when providing direct care. “Therapeutic woman other than their wives. They often keep their touch” is not appropriate with these clients. hands in their pockets to avoid touch. 3. During The Week Passover,no bread or products 3. Non-Hasidic Jews may be much more informal and with yeast may be eaten. may use touch and short spatial distance. 4. Health teachings about the potential life-threatening D. Social Roles sequelae of their condition as well as the 1. ThefamilyisthecoreofJewishsociety. exceptions to Jewish law that permit them to take 2. Modesty involves humility. Jews are encouraged their medications. not to“show off” or try to impress others. 5. In view of the prohibition work on the Sabbath and 3. Social action, volunteerism, and involvement in holidays, special nursing attention may be given to helping other are common vocations. the observant Jewish patient by nursing staff during 4. Man is traditionally considered the breadwinner for the Sabbath and biblical holidays. Jewish practice household, and the woman is recognized for running the prohibits using electricity on these days some home and being responsible for the children. patients will not turn lights on or off, adjust the bed, E. HealthandIllness use the call button or do anything with the 1. Good health is considered an asset. telephone or television. 2. They give importance to keeping the body and mind 6. Do not discharge on the Sabbath or biblical healthy, Jewish are health conscious. holidays. 3. They Practice Preventive Healthcare,with routine physical, dental, and vision screening as well as a Philippine Health Care Laws well-immunized population. 4. The older generation is still more likely to defer REPUBLIC ACT – an act passed by the Congress of the medical authority, Jewish adults tend to want to Philippines, while the form of participate in healthcare decision-making. government is a Republican government. 5. Many Jews understand the dietary laws as a guide to raising the act of eating to a spiritual level, which “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 16| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Republic Act 349 – Legalizes the use of human Republic Act 6809 – Majority age is 18 years old organs for surgical, medical and scientific purposes. Republic Act 6972 – Day care center in every Republic Act 1054 – Requires the owner, lessee or Barangay operator of any commercial, industrial or Republic Act 7160 – Local Government Code agricultural establishment to furnish free Republic Act 7164 – Philippine Nursing Act of emergency, medical and dental assistance to his 1991 employees and laborers. Republic Act 7170 – Law that govern organ Republic Act 1080 – Civil Service Eligibility donation Republic Act 1082 – Rural Health Unit Act Republic Act 7192 – Women in development Republic Act 1136 – Act recognizing the Division nation building of Tuberculosis in the DOH Republic Act 7277 – Magna Carta of Disabled Republic Act 1612 – Privilege Tax/Professional Persons tax/omnibus tax should be paid January 31 of each Republic Act 7305 – The Magna Carta of public year Health Workers Republic Act 1891 – Act strengthening Health and Republic Act 7392 – Philippine Midwifery Act of Dental services in the rural areas 1992 Republic Act 2382 – Philippine Medical Act which Republic Act 7432 – Senior Citizen Act regulates the practice of medicines in the Republic Act 7600 – Rooming In and Philippines Breastfeeding Act of 1992 Republic Act 2644 – Philippine Midwifery Act Republic Act 7610 – Special protection of children Republic Act 3573 – Law on reporting of against abuse, exploitation and discrimination Communicable Diseases act Republic Act 4073 – Liberalized treatment of Republic Act 7624 – Drug Education Law Leprosy Republic Act 7641 – New Retirement Law Republic Act 4226 – Hospital Licensure Act Republic Act 7658 – An act prohibiting the requires all hospital to be licensed before it can employment of children below 15 years of age operative Republic Act 7719 – National Blood Service Act of Republic Act 5181 – Act prescribing permanent 1994 residence and reciprocity as qualifications for any Republic Act 7875 – National Health Insurance Act examination or registration for the practice of any of 1995 profession in the Philippines Republic Act 5821 – The Pharmacy Act Republic Act 7876 – Senior Citizen Center of Republic Act 5901 – 40 hours work for hospital every Barangay workers Republic Act 7877 – Anti-sexual harassment Act Republic Act 6111 – Medicare Act of 1995 Republic Act 6365 – Established a National Policy Republic Act 7883 – Barangay Health workers on Population and created the Commission on Benefits and Incentives Act of 1992 population Republic Act 8042 – Migrant Workers and Republic Act 6425 – Dangerous Drug Act of 1992 Overseas Filipino Act of 1995 Republic Act 8172 – Asin Law Republic Act 6511 – Act to standardize the Republic Act 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1995 examination and registration fees charged by the Republic Act 8203 – Special Law on Counterfeit National Boards, and for other purposes. Drugs Republic Act 6675 – Generics Act of 1988 Republic Act 8282 – Social Security Law of 1997 Republic Act 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical (amended RA 1161) Standards for Public Officials and Employees Republic Act 8291 – Government Service Republic Act 6725 – Act strengthening the Insurance System Act of 1997 (amended PD 1146) prohibition on discrimination against women with Republic Act 8344 – Hospital Doctors to treat respect to terms and condition of employment emergency cases referred for treatment Republic Act 6727 – Wage Rationalization Act Republic Act 8423 – Philippine Institute of Republic Act 6758 – Standardized the salaries Traditional and Alternative Medicine “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 17| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural Republic Act 8424 – Personal tax Exemption Presidential Decree 568 – Role of Public Health Republic Act 8749 – The Philippine Clean Air Act midwives has been expanded after the of 1999 implementation of the Restructed Health Care Republic Act 8981 – PRC Modernization Act of Delivery System (RHCDS) 2000 Presidential Decree 603 – Child and Youth Republic Act 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous Welfare Act / Provision on Child Adoption Drugs Act 2002 Presidential Decree 626 – Employee Republic Act 9173 – Philippine Nursing Act of Compensation and State Insurance Fund. Provide 2002 benefits to person covered by SSS and GSIS for Republic Act 9288 – Newborn Screening Act immediate injury, illness and disability. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE – An order of the Presidential Decree 651 – All births and deaths President. This power of the President which allows must be registered 30 days after delivery. him/her to act as legislators was exercised during Presidential Decree 825 – Providing penalty for the Marshall Law period. improper disposal garbage and other forms of Presidential Decree 46 – An act making it uncleanliness and for other purposes. punishable for any public officials or employee, Presidential Decree 851 – 13th Month pay whether of the national or local government, to Presidential Decree 856 – Code of Sanitation receive directly or indirectly any gifts or valuable Presidential Decree 965 – Requiring applicants for things Marriage License to receive instruction on Presidential Decree 48 – Limits benefits of paid family planning and responsible parenthood. maternity leave privileges to four children Presidential Decree 996 – Provides for Presidential Decree 69 – Limits the number of compulsory basic immunization for children and children to four (4) tax exemption purposes infants Presidential Decree 79 – Population Commission below 8 years of age. Presidential Decree 147 – Declares April and May Presidential Decree 1083 – Muslim Holidays as National Immunization Day Presidential Decree 148 – Regulation on Woman Presidential Decree 1359 – A law allowing and Child Labor Law applicants for Philippine citizenship to take Board Presidential Decree 166 – Strengthened Family Examination pending their naturalization. Planning program by promoting participation of Presidential Decree 1519 – Gives medicare private sector in the formulation and implementation benefits to all government employees regardless of of program planning policies. status of appointment. Presidential Decree 169 – Requiring Attending Presidential Decree 1636 – requires compulsory Physician and/or persons treating injuries resulting membership in the SSS and self-employed from any form of violence. Presidential Decree 4226 – Hospital Licensure Act Presidential Decree 223 – Professional Regulation Commission PROCLAMATION – an official declaration by the Presidential Decree 442 – Labor Code Promotes Chief Executive / Office of the President of the and protects employees self-organization and Philippines on certain programs / projects / situation collective bargaining rights. Provision for a 10% Proclamation No.6 – UN’s goal of Universal Child right differential pay for hospital workers. Immunization; involved NGO’s in the Presidential Decree 491 – Nutrition Program immunization program Presidential Decree 539 – Declaring last week of Proclamation No. 118 – Professional regulation October as Nurse’s Week. October 17, Week is June 16 to 22 1958 Proclamation No. 499 – National AIDS Awareness Presidential Decree 541 – Allowing former Filipino Day professionals to practice their respective Proclamation No. 539 – Nurse’s Week – Every professions in the Philippines so they can provide third week of October the latent and expertise urgently needed by the Proclamation No. 1275 – Declaring the third week homeland of October every year as “Midwifery Week” “Dalok-dalok ko, hatag bala sa iba na indi ko kilala kay makatilaw ka gd dapal.” 18| K4y3 🙉🙈  NCM 120 Lecture- Decent Work Employment and Transcultural LETTER OF INSTRUCTION – An order issued by comply with medical instructions and receive vital the President to serve as a guide to his/her services. previous decree or order.