NCM-112-OFI-MIDTERM-Types-of-Immunity-Chain-Infection PDF

NCM112OFI (INFECTIOUS) BSN III MERCER 2 types of immunity = line of defenses The main purpose of innate immunity is to immediately to prevent the spread and They are the first...

NCM112OFI (INFECTIOUS) BSN III MERCER 2 types of immunity = line of defenses The main purpose of innate immunity is to immediately to prevent the spread and They are the first to consider that protect out movement of foreign pathogens. body (ADAPTIVE) CLONAL Expansion INNATE IMMUNITY  Refers to the rapid ↑ of T & B  Non-specific immunity Lymphocytes from 1 – 1m.  Equates to innate immunity  Adaptive immunity has the ability to have  This type of immunity is present at birth it antigenic specificity = immune system, is congenital it is inborn. particularly antibodies and T cell  Is considered as the first line of defense receptors, to recognize and bind to against pathogens and uses of physical specific antigens. and chemical barriers.  Each antigen has unique molecular  Physical and chemical consists of skin and structures, known as epitopes, that epithelia the cells involved are trigger a tailored immune response. This macrophages and neutrophils, both are specificity ensures that immune system the first activated at the site of infection can accurately identify and target a wide  WBC is considered that patrol of the range of pathogens, while distinguishing body. Which is present anywhere them from the body ‘s own cell.  LINE OF DEFENSE: 1st  The precise recognition is crucial for  TIMELINE: immediate response (0-96 hrs) effective immune responses and the  CELLS: Natural killer cells, macrophages, development of immunological memory. neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils.  ANTIGEN DEPENDENCY: Independent  EX: Skin, Hair, cough, mucous HUMORAL IMMUNE SYSTEM membranes, phagocytes, granulocytes  Antigen is outside.  Antibodies producing is B cells, freely outside the cells ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY  Is not present at birth CELL MEDIATED  This immunity is leered  Inside the T cells  Learning process starts when the immune system is exposed or encountered the foreign invaders Physical barriers include all the organs and  Adaptive immunity has the capacity to their secretions: recognize non self- substance (ANTIGEN)  Skin  Your adaptive the hallmark of learning  Respiratory Tract and adapt and remember  Urogenital Tract  LINE OF DEFENSE: 2nd  Gastrointestinal Tract  TIMELINE: Long term (>96 hrs)  CELLS: T & B Lymphocytes PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS  ANTIGEN DEPENDENCY: Dependent  EX: Pus, swelling, redness, pain, T & B  Gastric acid = Stomach Lymphocytes response  Saliva = Salivary glands REBOTA, RANDOLPH II G. NCM112OFI (INFECTIOUS) BSN III MERCER CELLULAR BARRIERS TYPES A4  Immune cells of the body = WBC  Mycoplasma Pneumonia: occurs most often in older children and young adults; ANAI = Active Naturally Acquired Immunity CA = Mycoplasma Pneumonia PNAI = Passive Naturally Acquired Immunity TYPES A5 Triple AI or AAAI  Viral Pneumonia: caused by influenza virus types A, B, parainfluenza,  Active Artificially Acquired Immunity cytomegalovirys and coronavirus = result from vaccination ACCORDING TO NATURE ACQUISITION PAAI B – Hospital Acquired Pneumonia  Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity  EX: is gammaglobulin & Hepa B  Nosocomial Pneumonia  Onset of pneumonia symptoms more than 48 hrs after admission in patients w/ WHAT IS CHAIN INFECTION NO! evidence of infection at the time of admission. Pneumonia – affects the lungs specifies the alveoli where the exchange of gasses take place TYPE: Mode of transmission – respiratory droplets from B1 = Pseudomonas PN: occurs in debilitated person → person contact patients, on prolonged intubation or w/ tracheostomy; CA = Pseudomonas Aeruginosa CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATIONS ACORDING TO LUNC INCOLVEMENT  According to nature acquisition  A Community acquired Pneumonia a. Segmental Pneumonia = 1 or more - Occurs in the community setting the segments of the lungs are affected first 48 hours after hospitalization b. Lobar Pneumonia = 1 or more entire lobes are affected TYPES A1 c. Bilateral pneumonia = lobes in both lungs  Streptococcal/Pneumococcal pneumonia: are affected most common greatest incidence in the CHEST TUBE THORACOSTOMY elderly and COPD Px.; CA = Streptococcus Pneumonia  A chest tube (or thoracotomy is a medical procedure to drain air fluid or pus from TYPES A2 the pleural space of chest)  Hemophilia Influenzae : affects the elderly and Px. In long term care facilities TYPES A3  Legionaries disease: greatest incidence in smokers and immunosuppressed; CA= Legionella Pneumonia REBOTA, RANDOLPH II G.