Types of Immunity Overview
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Types of Immunity Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of innate immunity?

  • To enhance the clonal expansion of lymphocytes
  • To create memory cells for future infections
  • To specifically target pathogens using antibodies
  • To immediately prevent the spread and movement of foreign pathogens (correct)

    • What type of immunity is described as non-specific and present at birth?

  • Acquired immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Passive immunity

    • Which cells are primarily involved in innate immunity?

  • B lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Natural killer cells and titers
  • Macrophages and neutrophils (correct)
  • T lymphocytes and dendritic cells

    • What is the role of physical and chemical barriers in innate immunity?

    <p>To serve as the first line of defense against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adaptive immunity have that allows for antigenic specificity?

    <p>Unique receptors on T and B lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by clonal expansion in the context of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Rapid increase of specific T and B lymphocytes from one cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the immune system distinguish between body cells and pathogens?

    <p>Through unique molecular structures called epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes white blood cells in the context of innate immunity?

    <p>They patrol the body and respond at the site of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timeline for the first line of defense response?

    <p>Immediate response (0-96 hrs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells are considered part of the first line of defense in the immune system?

    <p>Natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is considered to have a learning process and memory capability?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes the antigen dependency of the first line of defense?

    <p>Independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological barrier is associated with the stomach?

    <p>Gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of humoral immune response?

    <p>Antibodies produced by B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of defense is characterized by cells like T and B lymphocytes?

    <p>Second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does adaptive immunity NOT have?

    <p>is present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Mycoplasma Pneumonia?

    <p>Infection often seen in older children and young adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination?

    <p>Active Artificially Acquired Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Nosocomial Pneumonia?

    <p>Onset more than 48 hours after admission without prior infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for respiratory infections like pneumonia?

    <p>Respiratory droplets from person to person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumonia is often associated with the bacterium Pseudomonas Aeruginosa?

    <p>Nosocomial Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Segmental Pneumonia?

    <p>Affects multiple segments of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pneumonia typically occurs in the first 48 hours after hospitalization in a community setting?

    <p>Community Acquired Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Passive Artificially Acquired Immunity?

    <p>Administration of gammaglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Immunity

    • Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, present from birth, and non-specific.
    • Adaptive immunity develops after exposure to a pathogen, is specific, and has the ability to remember the pathogen.

    Innate Immunity

    • Functions: Prevents the spread of foreign pathogens and provides an immediate response.
    • Cells involved: Macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells.
    • Physical and chemical barriers: Skin, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, and secretions.
    • Time line: Immediate response (0-96 hours).

    Adaptive Immunity

    • Functions: Learns and adapts to recognize specific pathogens and develops immunity.
    • Cells involved: T and B lymphocytes.
    • Time line: Long-term (>96 hours).
    • Process: Clonal expansion of T and B lymphocytes.
    • Antigen specificity: Adaptive immunity can recognize specific antigens through unique molecular structures known as epitopes.

    Types of Acquired Immunity

    • Naturally acquired immunity: Develops through natural exposure to a pathogen.
      • Active naturally acquired immunity (ANAI): Exposure to a pathogen triggers the body’s immune system, conferring sustained immunity.
      • Passive naturally acquired immunity (PNAI): Antibodies are transferred from mother to child through the placenta or breast milk.
    • Artificially acquired immunity: Develops through exposure to a pathogen in a controlled manner, such as vaccination.
      • Active artificially acquired immunity (AAAI): Vaccination with a weakened or inactive form of the pathogen.
      • Passive artificially acquired immunity (PAAI): Injection of pre-formed antibodies from another person or animal.

    Physical Barriers

    • Function: Prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
    • Organs and secretions: Skin, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and gastrointestinal tract.

    Physiological Barriers

    • Function: Help to create an unfavorable environment for pathogens.
    • Examples: Gastric acid in the stomach, saliva from salivary glands.

    Cellular Barriers

    • Function: Immune cells of the body (WBCs) that defend the body against pathogens.

    Pneumonia

    • Definition: A lung infection that affects the alveoli, the air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
    • Types:
      • Mycoplasma pneumonia: Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, most common in older children and young adults.
      • Viral pneumonia: Caused by influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, cytomegalovirus, and coronavirus.
      • Pseudomonas pneumonia: Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, commonly affects debilitated patients.
    • Classification:
      • Community Acquired Pneumonia: Infections acquired in the community within the first 48 hours of hospitalization.
      • Hospital Acquired Pneumonia: Infections acquired in the hospital setting more than 48 hours after admission. Also known as nosocomial pneumonia.

    Pneumonia Classification by Lung Involvement

    • Segmental pneumonia: A localized infection affecting one or more segments of the lung.
    • Other lung involvement: Pneumonia can affect various areas of the lungs; additional classification needs further clarification.

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    Related Documents

    NCM-112-OFI-MIDTERM-Types-of-Immunity-Chain-Infection PDF

    Description

    Explore the two main types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Understand their functions, cells involved, and how they respond to pathogens. This quiz will help you differentiate between these crucial immune responses.

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