Nazariy Grammatika Test 400 Ta PDF

1. What grammatical categories are there in nouns? a) person; numberc) number; case b) tense; cased) case; gender 2. What type of category is expressed by means of grammatical inflections? a) analytical; c) mixed type; b) synthetical; d) none of them; 3. The personal pronouns “us” and “them” a...

1. What grammatical categories are there in nouns? a) person; numberc) number; case b) tense; cased) case; gender 2. What type of category is expressed by means of grammatical inflections? a) analytical; c) mixed type; b) synthetical; d) none of them; 3. The personal pronouns “us” and “them” are in objective case forms/How are they formed? They are formed by means of ……….. a) inflection and suppletion; b) suppletion and inflection; c) both of them by suppletion; d) both of them by means of grammatical inflections; 5. Language is common, general for all the bearers/speakers while speech is individual. a) True;b) False; 6. By the help of which grammatical means do we express the past tense of the verb “have”? a) root vowel change; b) final consonant change; c) suppletion; d) both root vowel and final consonant change; 7. What is the difference between genetic and morphological classification of language? a) the genetic classification deals with the relatedness of language while morphological one deals with the grammatical structure of languages; b) the genetic classification deals with the grammatical structure while morphological one deals with relatedness of languages; c) there is no difference between them; 8. Which of the following groups of words are used to connect words in sentences? a) notional verbs; c) conjunctions; b) adverbs; d) interjections; 9. What does phonetics study? a) speech units; c) language and speech units; b) language units; d) word building; 10. How many smallest meaningless and meaningful units in the word “mistreatments”? a) 12/4; c) 11/3; b) 13/4; d) 13/2; 11. Which type of relations between words does “formal identity” refer to? a) syntagmatic;c) both paradigmatic and syntagmatic; b) paradigmatic; d) none of them; 12. What term defines the grammatical categories the meaning of which is expressed by the help of two morphs? a) continuous; c) lexical; b) discontinuous; d) grammatical; 13. Which English pronouns have conjoint, absolute and emphatic subtypes? a) demonstrative; c) possessive; b) personal; d) reflexive; 15. Which grammatical category is expressed by the help of the functional words shall, will and should, would? a) tense; c) order; b) mood; d) posteriority; 16. English is related to Indian, Armenian, Persian languages. a)TRUE; b) FALSE; 17. What is the function of - er in the English language? It is a ….. a) lexical morpheme; c) both lexical and grammatical; b) grammatical morpheme; d) none of them; 19. Which notional part of speech has no grammatical category at all? a) pronouns;c) statives; b) adverbs; d) adjectives; 20. There are two notional parts of speech in English which are said to be morphologically the most developed ones: a) adverb; c) personal pronouns; b) adjective; d) verbs; 21. The personal pronouns “us” and “them” are in objective case form. How are they formed? By means of …… a) inflection and suppletion; b) suppletion and inflection; c) both of them by suppletion; d) both of them by means of grammatical inflections; 22. Which class of notional words is said to be close – ended? a) verbs; c) statives; b) pronouns; d) adverbs. 24. Speech is stable, language is changeable a) TRUE; b) FALSE; 25. If analyst isolates minimum meaningful or smallest meaningful units what is his/her intentions? a) to reveal morphs; b) to reveal phones; c) to reveal lexes; d) to reveal syllables; 26. If morphemes are associated with some object, quality, action and so on what kind of morphemes are they? a) lexical; c) both lexical and grammatical;b) grammatical; d) none of them; 27. If morphemes are used either to connect words in sentences or form new grammatical forms of words, they are called: a) lexical morpheme; b) lexical – grammatical morpheme; c) grammatical morpheme; d) none of them; 28. What is the function of sound – changes and suppletion in the English language? a) to form new grammatical forms; b) to build new words; c) to form new stylistic devices; d) to develop a sentence; 29. What is the term that defines the nominative unit of language? a) morpheme; c) phoneme; b) lexeme;d) sentence; 30. Which of the following units are communicative one? a) morpheme; c) sentence; b) lexeme; d) phoneme; 31. Since … denote substance (thing, object) their distribution is bound with words which express the quality, number, action and so on. a) numerals; c) adverbs; b) statives; d) nouns; 32. Which pronouns have emphatic subtype? a) personal; c) possessive; b) demonstrative; d) reflexive; 33. What type of linguistic relations between words have functional and formal identity? a) syntagmatic; c) both of them; b) paradigmatic; d) none of them; 34. What is the difference between regular and irregular verbs? a) regular ones are used as predicates, irregular ones-as adverbial modifiers; b) regular ones form their past tense by means of – (e)d, irregular ones-by other means; c) regular ones can be used as any part of a sentence, irregular ones-only as predicates; d) regular ones are always used as predicate, while irregular ones as any part of a sentence; 35. What`s the difference between notional and auxiliary verbs? a) notional ones are used as any part of a sentence; the auxiliary ones are used to form different grammatical forms of notional words; b) notional verbs are used only as predicate, the auxiliary ones as any part of a sentence; c) notional ones are always used as object, the auxiliary ones-as predicate; d) both of these types can fulfill any function of a sentence; 36. What`s the difference between modal and functional verbs like “do”, “shall”, “will”, “have”? a) the modal verbs always function as predicate, functional ones-as object; b) modal verbs express the speakers` attitude to the action expressed by notional verbs, while functional ones help the notional verbs to express their different grammatical forms; c) both mentioned types of verbs can fulfil any syntactical function in a sentence; d) both of the types of verbs fulfil always the function of predicate; 37. What predicate is called “compound nominal”? a) a predicate expressed by notional verbs; b) a predicate which is expressed by modal verbs; c) a predicate which is expressed by intransitive verb; d) predicates which consist of a link verb and predicative; 38. … is the form of words derived from different roots? a) suppletion; c) distinctive; b) root vowel change; d) imperative; 40. What grammatical category are we talking about when we come across to the following statement: “… are the changes in the form of verbs to show the various ways in which action or state is thought of by the speaker”? a) tense; c) mood; b) voice; d) aspect; 41. What grammatical category of the verb reflects the relation of the action expressed by the verb to reality from the point of view of speaker? a) order; c) person; b) mood; d) posteriority; 42. What grammatical category is the one which expresses the distinctions of time in sentences? a) mood; c) aspect; b) person; d) tense; 43. The tense of a verb shows the time of the action; the aspect of a verb deals with the development of the action, while order denotes the order of the action. a) True; b) False; 44. In which mood are all the grammatical categories of the verb expressed? a) indicative mood; c) imperative mood; b) conditional mood; d) subjunctive mood; 45. If the predicate of a sentence is in the passive voice, in which component of the predicate the meaning of tense is expressed? a) in the first component; c) in the third component; b) in the second component;d) in the fourth component; 46. In the future tense the passive meaning and the continuous aspect is incompatible. a) True; b) False; 47. What is the difference between the qualitative and relative adjectives? a) the qualitative ones have degrees of comparison while relative ones do not; b) the qualitative ones have not degrees of comparison while relatives have; c) both of the mentioned types have degrees of comparison; d) none of them have the degrees of comparison; 48. What kind of syntactic relation is called “coordination”? a) it is the relation between two or more words which have equal rank; b) it is the relation between two or more words which depend on each other; c) it is the relation between two or more words which are not connected syntactically; d) it is the relation between words in two different sentences; 49. What kind of syntactic relation is called “subordination”? It is the relation between two words which: a) depend on each other; b) consists of a leading and adjunct words; c) are equal in rank; d) consists of notional and functional words; 50. What kind of relation between words is called “predication”? It is the relation between two words one of which is said to be: a) the doer of the action and the second expresses action; b) head and subordinate; c) a noun and a stative; d) a notional and functional; 51. What do you understand by grammatical agreement between words? It is when the two words have: a) similar grammatical forms; b) similar roots; c) similar number of sounds; d) similar prefixes; 52. What type of relation between two words is called government? Government is the relation between two words which have: a) similar functions; b) similar forms; c) a head word that requires the second one to be in certain grammatical form; d) similar syntactic functions; 53. What kind of relation between two words is called “collocation”? It is the relation between two words in the act of speech which are connected with each-other: a) without any grammatical connector; b) because they refer to similar parts of speech; c) by having similar vowel sounds; d) because they both refer to functional parts of speech; 54. The grammatical structure of any language comprises of two components: a) of consonant and vowel sounds; b) of notional and functional parts of speech; c) simple and composite sentences; d) of morphology and syntax; 55. What linguistic phenomenon is called a grammatical category? It is a phenomenon which has: a) general grammatical meaning which consists of at least two particular meanings which have their own means of expression; b) one particular and at least two or more general meanings; c) common new word-building elements; d) one notional and one functional words; 59. What does the expression side of syntactic unit study? It studies: a) the syntactic form; c) word structure; b) syntactic meaning; d) none of them; 60. Syntactic meaning is the way in which separate word meanings are combined to produce meaningful sentences. a) True; b) False; 61. Syntactic function of a word is the function of it within the smallest communicative unit. a) True; b) False; 63. Subordinative relations may be of three types. They are: a) adverbial, objective and attributive; b) transitive, intransitive and mixed; c) simple, complex, compound; d) inner, external, both inner and external; 65. What type of syntactical relations between words is meant in the following definition: “The connection of equal and relatively independent words or sentences”. a) predication; c) coordination; b) subordination;d) destination; 67. What term defines the combination of two words which are syntactically unequal? a) coordination; c) equalization; b) subordination; d) accommodation; 68. What is the term which defines the connection of head word and adjunct word? a) subordination; c) conjunction; b) coordination; d) tertiary predication; 69. What do you understand by phrase or word combination? a) syntactically connected two or more words which are not sentences; b) the combination of some words that has primary predication; c) the combination of two or more words which has both primary and secondary predications; d) the combination of some syntactically connected words in which the predicate is omitted; 70. What types of phrases do you know? a) positive; b) relative; c) both positive and prepositional; d) coordinative, subordinative and predicative; 71. What type of phrase is the following one: “them talking” in the sentence, “I saw them talking”? a) coordinative; c) attributive; b) subordinative; d) predicative; 72. What type of phrase is “Norman invasion”? a) attributive subordination; c) infinitival; b) predicative; d) gerundial; 73. What type of phrase is “directly or indirectly”? a) subordinate; c) predicative; b) coordinate; d) none of them. 74. Which subtype of phrases would you refer to the word-combination “too foolish”? a) coordination; c) predication; b) subordination; d) syndetical coordination; 75. What is the difference between the following phrases: those houses; new houses? a) the first one is collocational but the second one is expressed by means of agreement; b) the components of the first one is expressed by means of agreement, the second one-by collocation; c) in the first one we observe government, in the second – coordination; d) in the first one coordination, in the second – government; 76. What is the difference between verbal and adjectival phrases? a) verbal phrases consist of only verbs while adjectival ones of only adjectives; b) in the verbal phrases the head-word is expressed by verbs, while in adjectival – the head – word is expressed by adjectives; c) in verbal ones the adjunct – word is expressed by verbs; in adjectival – the adjunct word is expressed by adjectives; d) in verbal phrases the head-word is expressed by numerals, while in adjectival - it is expressed by statives; 78. How many letters, phones and morphs are there in the word “undoubtedly”? a) 10/5/3;c) 12/6/8; b) 11/9/4;d) 14/3/4; 79. What is the difference between “-er” in the words: higher – filler. a) the first one is grammatical while the second is lexical morpheme; b) the first one is lexical and second one is grammatical; c) both are grammatical; d) both are lexical; 80. What language family does Uzbek refer to? a) Indo – European c) Turkic b) Tibet d) Semitic 81. What term defines the grammatical categories the meaning of which is expressed by the help of two morphs? a) continuous;c) lexical; b) discontinuous;d) grammatical 82. How many, phones and morphs are there in the word “thoroughly”? a) 10/3 c) 7/4 b) 9/5d) 6/2 83. Which grammatical categories of the English language is expressed by synthetical grammatical means? a) number of nouns; c) aspect of verbs b) posteriority of verbs; d) none of them 84. Which of the following languages is flectional – analytical? a) Russian; c) English; b) Uzbek; d) Arabic. 85. What type of morpheme is the underlined one? Ann was asked to help John. a) lexical; c) zero; b) grammatical;d) none of them 86. What is the difference between “-er” in the words: older – builder a) the first one is grammatical while the second is lexical morpheme; b) the first one is lexical and second one is grammatical; c) both are grammatical; d) both are lexical; 87. The personal pronouns “us” and “them” are in objective case form. How are they formed? They are formed by means of …… a) inflection and suppletion; b) suppletion and inflection; c) both of them by suppletion; d) both of them by means of grammatical inflections; 91. What is the function of sound – changes and suppletion in the English language? a) to form new grammatical forms; b) to build new words; c) to form new stylistic devices; d) to develop a sentence; 92. Grammatical inflections are morphemic changes which adopt words: a) to perform certain structural function; b) to change the syntactic function of words; c) to change the lexical meaning of words; d) to isolate the words; 95. What does the term “allo” mean? a) variant; c) empty; b) zero d) lexical 96. What kind of morpheme is the underlined one “statesman”? a) discontinuous; c) empty; b) zero d) lexical 97. What sound changes are there in the contemporary English language? a) only root – vowel change; b) only final consonant change; c) both root vowel and final consonant change; d) there are all those three above mentioned sound changes; 98. What typology are we talking about when we say that “English is an Indo – European language” which morphologically refers to flectional type of languages? a) morphological; c) both genetic and morphological; b) genetic; d) none of them; 99. What do you understand by phoneme? a) the smallest meaningful unit;c) speech unit; b) the smallest meaningless unit; d) none of them. 100. What is lexeme? a) nominative unit of language; c) syntactic unit; b) the smallest meaningless unit; d) phonetic unit; 101. What types of grammatical categories do you know? a) synthetical, analytical and mixed; b) lexical – semantical; c) functional categories; d) syntagmatical categories; 102. Which type of relations between words does “formal identity” refer to? a) syntagmatic; b) paradigmatic; c) both paradigmatic and syntagmatic; d) none of them; 103. Syntagmatic relation is the relation between words in a linear succession which are syntactically connected. a) TRUE; b) FALSE; 105. There are two notional parts of speech in English which are said to be morphologically the most developed ones: a) adverb; c) personal pronouns; b) adjective; d) verbs; personal pronouns 108. What types of linguistic relations between words do you know? a) adverbial;c) paradigmatic and syntagmatic; b) prepositional; d) stylistical; 111. The grammatical categories are characteristic to: a) functional words; c) notional words; b) auxiliary words; d) none-of them; 112. Which type of relations between words does “formal identity” refer to? a) syntagmatic;c) both paradigmatic and syntagmatic b) paradigmatic; d) none of them. 116. What kind of morpheme is the underlined one “recordsman”? a) discontinuous; c) empty; b) zero; d) lexical; 120. Syntagmatic relation is the relation between words in a linear succession which are syntactically connected. a) TRUE; b) FALSE; 121. What is lexeme? a) nominative unit of language; c) syntactic unit; b) the smallest meaningless unit; d) phonetic unit; 124. What does morphology study? a) the phraseological units; b) the smallest meaningful units; c) the smallest meaningless units; d) the stylistic devices; 125. What does syntax study? a) word combinations, sentences; b) the phraseological units; c) the smallest meaningless units; d) word – structure; 126. What is a morpheme? a) the smallest meaningful unit; c) a metaphor; b) the smallest meaningless unit; d) the stylistic device; 127. What is allomorph? a) a variant of phoneme; c) a variant of morpheme; b) a variant of lexeme;d) a phraseological unit; 128. What do you understand by emic level? a) speech; c) semantics; b) phonetics; d) language; 129. What language levels are called non-basic? a) those that do not have their own units; b) those that have their own units; c) those that have lost their units; d) those that make use the smallest meaningless units; 130. What do you understand by etic level? a) speech; c) semantics; b) phonetics; d) language; 131. What is the distinction between language and speech? a) language tends to change while speech is stable, less changeable; b) language is individual while speech is common, general for bearers; c) language is concrete; speech is abstract; d) language is a closed system, its units are limited while speech tends to to be openness and endless; 133. What verbs lack of grammatical categories? a) intransitive; c) transitive b) notionald) modal 134. Which of the following parts of speech is morphologically the most developed one? a) statives;c) personal pronouns; b) articles; d) adverbs; 135. By synthetic type of grammatical categories we understand. a) the one which is expressed by link verbs; b) the one which is expressed by notional words; c) the one which is expressed by auxiliary words; d) the one which is expressed by grammatical inflections; 136. By the analytical grammatical categories they understand the ones which are expressed by … a) discontinuos morphemes;c) notional words; b) functional words;d) modal words; 137. By mixed type of grammatical categories they understand the ones which are expressed by means of … a) functional words; c) discontinuos morphemes; b) prepositions; d) conjunctions; 138. The functional parts of speech can have a) structural meaning;c) full lexical meaning; b) stylistic meaning;d) no meaning; 139. Which of the following parts of speech is functional one? a) numerals; c) adverbs; b) pronouns;d) prepositions; 140. Which of the following adjectives is qualitative? a) metal; c) dynamic; b) wooden; d) civil; 141. Which of the following words is relative adjective? a) pretty; c) yellow; b) bronze;d) devastating; 142. Which of the following topics are the subject-matter of grammar? a) the stylistic devices; b) the types of phonemes; c) the grouping requirements of the parts of speech; d) neologisms; 144. How are the degrees of comparison of the adjective «little» formed? a) by inflections; b) by root vowel and final consonant change; c) by suppletion; d) by functional words; 145. What part of speech has the following features: express the meaning of quality and has the degrees of comparison? a) verb; c) adjective; b) stative;d) noun; 146. How many criteria did American Descriptive linguists use to classify words to parts of speech? a) 2;b) 1;c) 3;d) 4; 147. Why do the grammarians think that «`s» is still a case inflection? a) because it is not pronounced when it is added to nouns in the plural form; b) because it is used to connect two nouns; c) because it can`t be added to all the nouns; d) because it has no meaning; 148. What article is usually used with the word «sun»? a) indefinite;c) definite; b) zero;d) both “a” and “the”; 149. What group of nouns does the word «scissors» refer to from the point of view of formation of plural form? a) uncountable nouns; c) singularia tantum; b) pluralia tantum;d) none of them; 150. The usual function of finite verbs is: a) predicative; c) subject; b) predicate;d) object; 151. How many functions can fulfil the verb “to be” in sentences? a) one function;c) three functions; b) two functions;d) four functions; 152. Which mood is said to be “a fact mood”? a) imperative;c) indicative; b) subjunctive; d) both imperative and subjunctive ones; 156. The grammatical category of aspect is a: a) two-member opposition; c) four-member opposition; b) three-member opposition; d) none of them; 157. What grammatical category has «relative» and «absolute» future meaning? a) tensec) mood b) posteriority d) voice 158. What types of grammatical categories do you know? a) lexical-semantic;c) functional categories; b) synthetical, analytical and mixed;d) syntagmatic categories; 159. There are notional words in English which cannot be indentified to what part of speech they refer to unless they are used in sentences. a) True; b) False; 160. What is the aim of theoretical grammar? a) the description of the syllabic structure of languages; b) the description of word-building elements of languages; c) definition of stylistic devices; d) explanation of the grammatical structure of languages; 161. What languages are called flexional-synthetic? a) that are rich in vowel sounds; b) that are rich in grammatical inflections; c) that are rich in stylistic devices; d) that are rich in means of word-building; 162. What do you understand by the grammatical structure of a language? a) all the grammatical inflections; b) the means of word building; c) the lexical- grammatical meaning; d) all the means that are used to express the grammatical meanings of a language; 163. What morphemes are there in the word «mis-statements«? a) one lexical three grammatical; b) one grammatical three lexical; c) two lexical two grammatical; d) four lexical; 164. How are the past tense of the following verbs formed: teach-taught, get-got; be-was? a) in the first example by means of changing the whole word, in the second – root-vowel change, in the third – final consonant change; b) in the first example root vowel and final consonant change, in the second case-root vowel change in the third one-suppletion; c) in the first – supplection, in the second –final consonant change in the third-root vowel change; d) suppeletion is the means which is used in all the three cases; 165. What grammatical category of English is expressed by the discontinuous morpheme “” be-ing”? a) mood c) order b) aspect d) person 166. What is the main difference between grammatical inflexions of Uzbek and Russian languages? a) in Uzbek the majority of grammatical inflections have one meaning while in Russian one grammatical inflection can express two or more grammatical meanings; b) in Uzbek the majority of grammatical inflections can express more than one meaning while in Russian each grammatical inflection has its own meaning; c) there`s no difference between them; d) none of the answers are correct; 167. Why the group of words which is termed as “statives” is considered as the only lexemes among notional parts of speech as “morphologically less developed group of words”? Because: a) they are used as predicatives; b) they are used as objects; c) they have no grammatical categories; d) they are limited in number; 168. What do you understand by “combinability”. a) new word-building suflixes; b) new – word building infixes; c) the syntagmatic relation between words; d) paradigmatic relation between words; 169. Which of the following pronouns refer to two different subtypes? a) our; c) your; b) me; d) her; 170. The conjoint form of possessive pronouns requires nouns in: a) preposition; c) both in pre- and post-position; b) post-position; d) intermediate position; 171. Which of the following pronouns have the meaning of gender. a) indefinite;c) personal; reflexive b) demonstrative; d) reflexive; indefinite 172. How can we find out which part of speech is the word «early». a) by its meaning; c) by its combinability; b) by its form; d) by its stem-building element; 173. Which of the following pronouns have the nominative and objective cases. a) reciprocal; c) reflexive; b) personal; d) possessive; 175. Which part of speech is morphologically less developed one? a) verbs; c) pronouns; b) adverbs; d) statives; 176. Which part of speech has the following features: express the meaning of quality of an action and has the degrees of comparison. a) adverbs; c) pronouns; b) verbs; d) numerals; 177. Which part of speech has the following features: express the meaning of state and function as predicative. a) adverbs; c) verbs; b) statives; d) pronouns; 178. What kind of linguistic relations is there among words in dictionaries? a) syntagmatic; c) syntactic; b) paradigmatic; d) stylistic; 179. Which part of speech is the word «early» in the sentence “He got up early”. a) pronoun; c) adverb; b) stative; d) adjective; 180. What is the term that defines the relation between the words in the following phrase: general assumption. a) subordination; c) agreement; b) predication; d) coordination; 182. What is the term that defines the relation between the two underlined words in the following phrase: electric or gas refrigeration? a) government;c) predication; b) coordination; d) subordination; 183. What is the term that defines the relation between the words: “time to come”. a) subordination; c) predication; b) coordination; d) agreement; 184. What kind of predication do we find between the words in the following sentence: The crop grows. a) zero; c) secondary; b) primary; d) tertiary; 185. What kind of predication is the one which does not express the meaning of tense and mood absolutely? a) zero; c) secondary; b) primary; d) tertiary; 186. What term is used to define the linguistic units in a linear succession? a) paradigmatic; c) phonetic; b) syntagmatic; d) stylistic; 187. What kind of predication is the relation between the underlined words: John was seen waving his hand? a) tertiary; c) secondary; b) primary; d) zero; 188. What kind of syntactic relation is there between the words «red and white»? a) primary predication;c) coordination; b) secondary predication;d) subordination; 189. If morphemes are associated with some object, quality, action and so on what kind of morphemes are they? a) lexical; c) both lexical and grammatical; b) grammatical; d) none of them; 193. From the point of view of the morphological typology English is a …. type of language. a) flectional; c) isolating; b) polysynthetic; d) agglutinative; 194. The most important grammatical means of English is: a) word order;c) grammatical inflections; b) sound changes; d) root vowel change; 195. The grammatical inflections in English are said to be: a) postfixal; c) both pre-and postfixal; b) prefixal; d) none of them; 196. Word order in English declarative sentences are as follows: a) SOV; c) OVS; b) SVO; d) VSO; 197. English is: a) flectional synthetic; b) flectional analytical; c) both flectional analytical and flectional synthetical language 198. What is suppletion? It is ………………… a) when we change the whole word to form new grammatical form of words; b) when we add a prefix to the word; c) when we add a postfix to the word; d) when a new grammatical form of a word is formed by both prefixal and postfixal elements; 199. Why stress is said to be a grammatical means in English? Because: a) it helps to form new grammatical class of words; b) it serves as a stylistic means; c) it helps to express a negative meaning; d) it helps to express plural meaning; 200. Which grammatical inflection serves to connect words in English sentences? a) – (e) s; c) – ing; b) – (e) d; d) - `s 201. Why is intonation included into the grammatical structure of English? Because …….. a) it helps to differentiate types of sentences; b) it helps to form new grammatical forms; c) it helps to form new words; d) it helps to express a negative meaning; 202. Why are prepositions and conjunctions said to refer to grammatical means? Because …….. a) they are used to connect words in sentences; b) they are used to express plurality; c) they are used to form degrees of comparison of adverbs; d) they are used to express emotion; 203. Which grammatical category has such particular meanings as “absolute posteriority” and “relative posteriority”? a) voice; c) posteriority; b) order; d) tense; 204. Which grammatical category expresses singular and plural meanings? a) case of nouns; c) gender; b) number of nouns;d) degrees of comparison; 205. Which notional parts of speech have similar grammatical categories? a) verbs and adjectives; b) adjectives and adverbs; c) numerals and statives; d) pronouns and numerals; 206. Which notional part of speech has no grammatical category? a) verbs; c) nouns; b) statives; d) adverbs; 212. How do we call the grammatical categories which are expressed by a functional word and a grammatical inflection? a) analytical; b) synthetical; c) (mixed) analytical – synthetical; 213. What term is used to define a word formed by joining two words together: blackbird, babysitter a) compound; c) composite; b) cognoate; d) derived; 215. What is the term which describes the process of deriving a new word by changing the part of speech like: an impact (noun) to impact (verb)? a) conversion;c) back formation; b) inversion; d) grammaticalization; 216. Which of the following terms is used to describe for inflicting nouns like duck – ducks? a) declension; c) paradigm; b) conjugation; d) categorization; 217. Which of the following terms is used to form new words either by means of affixation or compounding? a) derivation; c) innovation; b) formation; d) lexicalization; 218. What is the general term that defines nouns in speech (like: a the, some, many). a) determiner; c) pronouns; b) secondary; d) attributes; 220. Which linguistic school is associated with Ferdinand de Saussure? a) structural linguistic; c) behavioris; b) transformational grammar; d) psychologism; 222. What linguistic trend/school is associated with J. Fillmore? a) case – grammar; b) transformational grammar; c) psycholinguistics; d) sociolinguistics; 223. Which linguistic school is connected with the name of R. Jacobson? a) functional linguistics;c) traditional linguistics; b) generative linguistic; d) comparative linguistics; 224. What term is used to describe nouns which are formed by adding – ing inflection to verbs? a) gerund; c) verbal noun; b) ing-form; d) participle; 225. What linguistic term do we use for a database, algorithm set of rules which describes the form and meaning of words, sentences of a language? a) grammar; c) set of rules; b) glossary; d) course – work; 227. What term is used for verbs that express order or command? a) imperative; c) order; b) order form; d) compulsion; 228. What term is used to express the initial or dictionary form of verbs? a) infinitive; c) gerund; b) participle; d) stative; 230. What grammatical category is used to express statement, command and condition? a) mood; c) order; b) voice; d) aspect; 231. What part of grammar studies the smallest meaningful units? a) morphology; c) syntax major; b) syntax minor; d) none of them; 232. All the parts of speech of English can fulfill the functions of all the parts of a sentence (i.e. subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial modifier). a) True; b) False; 233. What voice is used in sentences in which usual object fulfills the function of the subject? a) active voice; b) passive voice; c) none of them; 234. What parts of speech of the English language have the grammatical category of number? a) prepositions, conjunctions, statives; b) nouns, pronouns and verbs; c) adverbs, adjectives and statives; d) numerals, conjunctions, interjections; e) all the parts of speech; 235. What verb form is used for an action. a) perfect; c) priority; b) pluperfect; d) ablaut; 236. What part of speech comprises words that typically refer a spatial or temporal relation? a) preposition; c) locative; b) adverb; d) adverbial modifier; 237. What is the most basic morpheme in a word or family of related words that consist of an irreducible, arbitrary pairing between a sound and a meaning? a) root; b) stem;c) opposition; d) morph; 238. What term denotes an inflected form that is phonologically unrelated to its root and instead comes from other words. (go-went). a) supletion;c) agglutination; b) inflection; d) polymorphism; 239. What component of grammar arranges words into phrases and sentences. a) syntax; c) morphology; b) word – order; d) componential analysis; 240. What is the conceptual structure which provides the essential context the conceptualization of a ___________? a) base; b) path; c) concept; d) domain; 241. What is the process by which selected elements of two, or more mental spaces are incorporated in a third space. a) blending; c) categorization; b) incorporation; d) scheme; 244. What is the process in which any linguistic structure, whether phonological, semantic or symbolic, that can be analyzed into component? a) construction;c) domain; b) component; d) collocation; 245. What is any knowledge configuration which provides the context for a conceptualization. a) domain; c) construction; b) complement; d) metaphor; 247. What is the disposition of an item to combine with other items? a) valence; c) distribution; b) frequency; d) occurrence; 248. What is the phenomenon where two or more semantic values attach to a single phonological representation? a) polysemy; b) specification;c) synonymy; d) productivity; 249. Abstractness is characteristic to: a) speech b) language c) both 250. “Uzbek is a Turkic language. Are we talking about: a) morphological classification b) genetic classification c) both 251. “German is a flectional language”. Is it about: a) genetic classification b) morphological classification c) both 252. Morpheme is a: a) language unit b) speech unit c) both 253. Phonetics studies: a) phonemes b) unit c) none of them 254. What grammatical means has been used in the following examples: goose-geese a) root-vowel change b) root-vowel and final consonant change c) suppletion 255. How many types of grammatical categories are there in English? a) one b) two c) three 256. The mixed type of grammatical categories are expressed by: a) functional words b) grammatical inflexions c) both with functional words and grammatical categories 257. Syntax major deals with: a) morphemes b) phonemes c) word-combinations d) texts 258.Stableness is characteristic to: a) language b) speech c) both 259. Genetic classification of languages deals with: a) the origin of languages d) grammatical type c) both 260. Lexical morphs do not have lexical meanings a) True b) False 261. What is the term to describe the smallest unit of speech that differentiates one word from another? a. Phoneme b. Phenomenon c. Photon d. Potato 262. Complete the sentences “ The aim of theoretical grammar is………….. a. …to give rules of writing correctly b. …to give a manual of practical mastery of grammar c. …to give rules of speaking correctly d. …to present a theoretical description of the grammatical system 263. Which of the following units isn’t segmental? a. word b. morpheme c. intonation d. syllable 264. What is the lowest level of lingual segments ? a. morphemic b. phonemic c. lexemic d. phrasemic 265. What is the unit of lexemic level ? a. word b. phoneme c. phrase d. morpheme 266. What is a morph?  a. A generalized invariant language unit b. The smallest meaningful part of the word expressing a generalized meaning c. A concrete manifestation of morpheme d. A meaningful absence of inflexion 267. What is a zero morpheme? a. A generalized invariant language unit b. The smallest meaningful part of the word expressing a generalized meaning c. A concrete manifestation of morpheme d. A meaningful absence of inflexion 268. The grammatical suffix -(e)s in different contexts renders the meaning of 3d person singular form of the verb, possessive case of the noun, plural of the noun: breaks, bird’s, birds. It’s a case of: a. grammatical homonymy b. grammatical synonymy 269. The meaning of the morpheme is: a. nominative b. significative, vague 270. Suffix –ed in the verb ‘decided’ (as in ‘he decided to stay’) is: a. lexical b. grammatical 271. Suffix –ed in the adjective ‘relaxed’ (as in ‘relaxed atmosphere’) is: a. lexical b. grammatical 272. In which of the following words –s is not the allo-morph of the same morpheme? a. speaks, b. dreams, c. phonetics, d. washes 273. Zero’ morpheme is: a. overt b. covert 274. How many morphemes does the word-form “writers” consist of? a. - 1; b. - 2; c. - 3; d. - 4. 274. How would you define the part of the word “ceive” in the following group of words “receive, perceive, deceive” ? a. - a suffix; b. - a bound root; c. - a free root;  d. - an infix. 275. By the meaning of words they understand: a. the general lexical-grammatical meaning; b. the connotational meaning; c. the stylistical function; d. the structural meaning. 1. 1. 276. New English period includes the years…. 700-110 B. 1100-1500 C. 1500-1800 D.1945-Present time 1. 277. When was the first printed book published? 1475 1660 1170 1545 1. 278. Who published the first printed book? Chaucer H. Sweet Tacitus W. Caxton 279. Who gave the name “ period of lost endings” to the New English period? Chaucer H. Sweet Tacitus  W. Caxton 1. 280. The period of “leveled endings” Middle English Modern English New English Old English 1. 281. This period is also known as the Literary Renaissance. Middle English Modern English New English D.Old English 1. 282. What was a sort of bridge between the London literary English of the Middle English period and the language of the Literary Renaissance? Chaucer’s works Shakespeare’s works Caxton’s printed books Sweet’s book 283. In the history of the language: the age of “ normalization and correctness”… The mid-17c. - 18c. 15c.- 17c. The end-18c.- 19c. 19c.- 20c. 284. The period of “ fixing the pronunciation” 15C. 16C. 17C. 18C. 1. 285. The word “macian” iS: Monkey Make  Machine Mission 286. The word “ mete” is: Meet Met Mate Meat 287. It is regarded as a turning point in English linguistic history and the start of a new period. Chaucer’s books The publication of the first English book Shakespeare’s works Sweet’s books 1. 288. As Britain consolidated into a single powerful state, it extended its borders to include …. Wales, Scotland, part of Ireland Wales and part of Ireland Wales and Scotland Scotland and part of Ireland 1. 289. Who is the author of “ Utopia”? Shakespeare Thomas More Philip Sidney John Webster 290. When was a new English translation of the Bible completed? 1501 1515 1520 1526 291. Which of the following languages is Germanic in origin? a) Latin b) Dutch c) Italian d) Portuguese 292. Which of the following is a result of the Viking invasion of England? a) the addition of "sk" words to the English vocabulary b) the addition of third person personal pronouns to the English language c) the destruction of Christian churches, schools and monasteries d) all of the above 293. Which of the following words is most likely of Anglo-Saxon origin? a) celebration b) notorious c) brother d) all of the above 294. What was the celtic name for the island now known as England? a) wessex b) britannia c) danelaw d) angli-land 295. Which of the following words is most likely latin in origin? a) food b) horse c) sanctuary d) all of the above 296. Who is the Author of The Canterbury Tales a. Shakespeare b) Wace c) Bede d) Chaucer 297. What language most influence our vocabulary associated with government? a. French b) Celtic c) Viking d) German b. 298. What language is the origin of simple vocab that we learn as children, including words like water, mother, food? a. latin b) anglo-saxon c) french d) celtic 299. Which of the following characteristics classified the Renaissance in England a) renewed interest in the classics b) an intense interest in poetry and literature c) an increase in literacy d) all of the above 300. The object of the History of the English language is…? a. English language itself its phonetic, grammatical and lexical aspects b. English language itself its phonetic, grammatical and lexical, theoretical, aspects  c. English language itself its, grammatical and lexical aspects 301. What is different between synchronically and diachronically a. Synchronically is a certain period, diachronically is all period b. Diachronically is certain period, synchronically is all period c. There is not any differentiation between them 302. What was the main reason of the written form of the word became fixed? a. After the introduction of printing b. After Latin characters began being used c. After the increase of English vocabulary 303. What the earliest extend written texts in English are dated? a. Seventh b. sixth c. fourth 304. The history of the language can be subdivided into… a. 4, historical phonetics, historical morphology, historical syntaxes and historical lexicology b. 3, historical morphology, historical syntaxes and historical lexicology c. 4, historical morphology, historical syntaxes, historical grammar and historical lexicology 305. All changes in language can be defined as…? a. Structural or intralinguistic b. Structural c. Introlinguistic 306. Most linguistic changes involve some kind of substitution and can therefore be called …? a. Replacement b. patterns and types, d. adding 307. How many stress do Indio-European and non-Germanic have…? a. 2, free and pitch b. 3, dynamic, fixed, free c. 2, dynamic and pitch 308. How many stress has proto-Germanic language a. 2, fixed and dynamic b. 2, Free and pitch c. 1, dynamic 309. How many different types of change of vowels? a. 4, qualitative, quantitative, dependent, independent b. 2, qualitative, quantitative, c. 2, dependent, independent 310. Quantitative change is…? a. Affects the length of sound b. Positional change that a cows in action c. Affects the quality of a sound  d. Spontaneous change 311. Qualitative change is…? a. Affects the quality of a sound b. Affects the length of sound c. Positional change that a cows in action d. Spontaneous change 312. Dependent change is…? a. Positional change that a cows in action b. Spontaneous change c. Affects the quality of a sound d. Affects the length of sound 313. Independent change is …? a. Spontaneous change b. Affects the quality of a sound c. Affects the length of sound d. Positional change that a cows in action 314. Why weak verbs regular called so? a. Because they have lost them old proto-Germanic forms b. Because they have preserved the rich forms since the time of proto-Germanic c. Because they changed their own forms 315. Why do strong verbs called as irregular ? a. Because they have preserved the rich forms since the time of proto-Germanic b. Because they have lost them old proto-Germanic forms c. Because they changed their own forms 316. The Germanic language in the modern world are as follows: a. English, German, Netherlandish, Africans, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Frisian, Faroese, Yiddish b. German, Netherlandish, Africans, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Frisian, Faroese, Yiddish c. English, German, Malaysian, Africans, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Frisian, Faroese, Yiddish 317. Where does the main accent commonly fall? a. On the root-morpheme b. On the suffix c. On the prefix 318. Which years belong to old English period? a. c. 450-c 700 b. c. 300- c 1066 c. c. 450-c 1066 319. How many types of period are there in history of English? a. Three, old English, middle English and modern English  b. Two, old English and new English c. Four, old English, middle English, early new English and modern English 320. How many principal Old English dialects are commonly distinguished? a. Four, Kentish, West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian b. Three, Kentish, West Saxon, Mercian c. Four, West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian, German 321. West Saxon dialects were spoken…? a. In the rest of the England south of the Thames and the Bristol channel, except Wales and Cornwall, where Celtic tongues were preserved b. In the area known now as Kent and Surrey and in the Isle of Wight c. In the central region, from the Thames to the Humber a. From the Humber north to the river Forth 322. When did Germanic tribes settle in Britain? a. In the 5th and 6th c b. In the 4th and 5th c c. In the 6th and 7th c 323. Which name is often called instead of the Old English? a. Anglo-Saxon b. Bretagne c. Wessex d. England 324. Determine the correct information about runic alphabet. a. The runic alphabet is a specifically Germanic alphabet b. Runic inscriptions were cut in hard materials c. The shapes of some letters resemble those of Greek and Latin d. All of information are right 325. Who was first printer of English books? William Caxton Geoffrey Chaucer John Gower 326. When did start the normalization of the English language? 15th -16th 16th – 17th 17th – 18th 327. How was called the age of literary activity gained momentum in the course of the 16th century and by the end of it attained such an importance as it had never known before? Age of Shakespeare Age of Literary Renaissance A and B 328. Who is the author of UTOPIA? Geoffrey Chaucer Thomas More William Tyndale 329. In what language was written UTOPIA? English Latin French 330. By which period the age of the literary Renaissance, which enriched the language in many ways and was marked by great linguistic freedom was followed? The period of normalization Old English period New English period 331. In what period did runic letters pass out of use? Old English period Middle English period New English period 332. In Old English where did stress fall? 3rd 1st 2nd 333. What the greatest event early NE witnessed in the history of English vowels which involved the change of all ME monophthongs and probably some of the diphthongs? The Great Vowel Shift The Great Consonant Shift The First Vowel Shift 334. While long vowels generally tended to become closed and diphthongize, short vowels on the contrary, often changed into… Diphthongs More open sounds Long vowels 335. What phonemes tended to be reduced to a neutral sound, losing their qualitative distinctions and were often dropped in unstressed final syllable? long vowels short vowels voiced fricatives 336. Modern English is characterized by….. a very poor vocabulary a great number of borrowed words  a very large vocabulary 337. How was named the process which long vowels were narrowed and the narrowed ones become diphthongized ? narrowing diphthongization the great vowel shift 338. From which period New English was developed? Middle English Old English A and B 339. Who were the earliest inhabitants of the British Isles?a) Celts b) Iberians c) Teutons 340. When did the Germanic invasion begin?а) in the 7th century B.C. в) in the 5th century B.C. с) in the 5th century A.D. 341. What century are the earliest records of English dated in?a) 5 century AD b) 7 century AD c) 9 century AD 342. When was the period of “great migrations”?a) 2-3centuries AD b) 5century AD c) 7century AD 343. What was the most powerful of the Old Scandinavian kingdoms?a) Wessex b) Norwegian c) Denmark 344. How many subgroups are all Germanic languages traditionally divided into? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 345. What syllable did word stress in OE fall on?a) root-morpheme b) 1st syllable c) suffix 346. How were OE vowels contrasted through quantity?a) as long to short b) as open to close c) as front to back 347. What was the most universal distinctive feature in the OE consonant system? а) difference in length в) manner of articulation с) place of articulation 348. English belongs to the … group of languages A) Slavic; B) Indo-European; C) Celtic; d) Germanic. 349. What happened to Gothic language as a result? A) the language is ‘still alive’ and using by few people; B) the language is dead C) the language is becoming more popular nowadays; D) the language is forbidden to use; 350. Four principal dialects were spoken in Anglo-Saxon England: A) Welsh, Kymric, Manx and Celtic; B) Kentish, West Saxon, Mercian and Northumbrian; C) Kentish, West Saxon, Manx and Celtic; D) Mercian, Northumbrian, Gallo-Britonnic and Gaelic; 351. The grammatical suffix -(e)s in different contexts renders the meaning of 3d person singular form of the verb, possessive case of the noun, plural of the noun: breaks, bird’s, birds. It’s a case of: a. grammatical homonymy b. grammatical synonymy c. grammatical antonymy d. grammatical hyponymy 352. The meaning of the morpheme is: a. nominative b. significative, vague c. definite d. indefinite 353. Suffix –ed in the verb ‘decided’ (as in ‘he decided to stay’) is:  a. lexical b. grammatical c. phonetical d. root 354. Suffix –ed in the adjective ‘relaxed’ (as in ‘relaxed atmosphere’) is: a. lexical b. grammatical c. phonetical d. root 355. Allo-morphs (variants) of the same morpheme are distinguished in: a. contrastive distribution b. non-contrastive distribution c. complementary distribution d. in complementary distribution 356. In which of the following words –s is not the allo-morph of the same morpheme? a. speaks, b. dreams, c. phonetics, d. washes 357. What language family does Uzbek refer to? a. Turkic b. Indo-European c. Tibet d. Semitic 358. How would you define the part of the word “ceive” in the following group of words “receive, perceive, deceive” ? a. a suffix; b. a bound root; c. a free root; d. an infix. 359. What is the division of words according to their morphological characteristics based on? a. - meaning; b. - form; c. - function; d. - a combination thereof. 360. What language family does English refer to? a. Indo-European b. Turkic c. Semitic d. Tibet 361. Which of the following languages is flectional-analytical? a. English b. Arabic c. Uzbek d. Russian 362. What language levels are called basic? a. those that have their own units; b. those that do not have their own units; c. those that make use of the units of other levels; d. those that have lost their units. 363. What level or levels do stress and intonation refer to? a. both phonetical and grammatical. b. lexical; c. morphological; d. phonetic; 364. Speech activity consists of…….. a. Language and speech b. Vowels and consonants c. Phonetics and grammar d. Notional and functional words 365 Which component of speech activity is said to be endless? a. Speech b. Language c. Intonation d. Phonemes 366. What do you understand when you read the following definition: stable, limited? a. Language b. Speech c. Both of them d. None of them 367. What is a paradigmatical relation? a. a relation between words that has some features in common. b. a relation between words in a lineal succession. c. a relation between parts of speech. d. a relation between grammatical categories. 368. What is a grammatical combinability? a. co-occurence between the parts of speech; b. combinability of sounds; c. combinability of languages; d. combinability of dialects. 369. By discontinuous morphemes they understand morphemes that have:  a. two forms but one meaning. b. two meanings and two forms; c. two meanings and one form; d. both form and meaning; 370. By analytical grammatical categories they understand the ones which are expressed by: a. function words; b. notional words; c. modal verbs; d. discontinuous morphemes. 371. By mixed type of grammatical categories they understand the ones which are expressed by means of: a. discontinuous morphemes; b. prepositions; c. functional words; d. conjunctions. 372. By synthetical type of grammatical categories we understand a. the one which is expressed by grammatical inflections b. the one which is expressed by link-verbs c. the one which is expressed by notional words d. the one which is expressed by auxiliary words 373. By the meaning of words they understand: a. the general lexical-grammatical meaning; b. the connotational meaning; c. the stylistical function; d. the structural meaning. 374. What does phonetics study? a. Speech units b. Language units c. Language and speech units d. Word building 375. What term defines the grammatical categories the meaning of which is expressed by the help of two morphs? a. Continuous b. Discontinuous c. Lexical d. Grammatical 376. What is the function of - er in the English language? It is a………….. a. Lexical morpheme b. Grammatical morpheme c. Both lexical and grammatical d. None of them 377. If morphemes are associated with some object, quality, action and so on what kind of morphemes are they?  a. Lexical morpheme b. Grammatical morpheme c. Both lexical and grammatical d. None of them 378. Complete the sentences “ The aim of theoretical grammar is………….. a. …to give rules of writing correctly b. …to give a manual of practical mastery of grammar c. …to give rules of speaking correctly d. …to present a theoretical description of the grammatical system 379. Which of the following units isn’t segmental? a. word b. morpheme c. intonation d. syllable 380. What is the lowest level of lingual segments ? a. morphemic b. phonemic c. lexemic d. phrasemic 381. What sentences are called compound- complex type? a. sentences that have at least two primary (independent) and one subordinate b. sentences that have two clauses of equal rank c. sentences that have one subject-predicate relation d. sentences that have at least one primary (independent) and one subordinate 382. What kind of sentence is this: «He says what he means»? a. complex b. simple c. compound d. compound- complex 383. Is «Late October»…? a. one- member b. two- member c. extended sentence d. elliptical 384. What kind of sentence is the one underlined: «There are two tables in this room. But only one in the next»? a. elliptical b. one member c. complex  d. non- elliptical 385. What sentence are called complex? a. the ones that have at least one principal and at least one subordinate clause b. the ones that have at least two principal and at least one subordinate clause c. the ones that have at least two principals of equal rank d. the ones that have more than one principal clause 386. What communicative types of sentences do you know? a. declarative, interrogative, exclamatory imperative b. simple, exclamatory, interrogative c. exclamatory, interrogative, negative d. negative, simple, affirmative, complex 387. How many mood forms are there in English verbs? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 388. What structural types of sentences do you know? a. simple, compound, complex b. affirmative, simple, compound c. declarative, complex, simple d. exclamatory, compound, complex 5. What kind of sentence is the following one: «Early spring»? f. one- member g. two- member h. extended i. unextended 389. What is the difference between one member sentences and elliptical ones? a. elliptical sentences can be restored while one member sentences are not restorable b. one- member sentences make use of «you»as subject while elliptical ones do not c. one- member sentences can be restored while elliptical ones can`t d. in one member sentences subject and predicate are expressed explicitly, in elliptical ones are not 390. Find the wrong answer. a. language is concrete and speech is abstract b. language is common, speech is individual c. language is stable, speech tends to change d. language is closed system, speech tend to be openness and endless 391. What is word order a. is the linear or time sequence in which words appear in an utterance b. is the contrast between words which have the same base but differ in number and nature of their derivational affixes c. is the over-all musical pattern of stress, pitch, juncture in which the words of an utterance are spoken d. are words largely devoid of lexical meaning which are used to indicate various functional relationships among the lexical words of an utterance 392. What types of predication do you know? a. primary and secondary b. national and functional c. verbal and non-verbal d. transitive and intransitive 393. What is subordination? a. the relation of headword and adjunct word b. the relation of subject and predicate c. the relation of noun and verb d. the relation of 2 verbs and it’s object 394. By the category of voice we mean... a. different grammatical ways of express the reaction between a transitive verb and its subject and object b. the distinction between the real and unreal expressed by the corresponding forms of the verb c. is the system of two member opposition d. which deals with the grammatical expression of grammatical gender 395. All speech acts can be… a. explicit and implicit. b. direct and indirect. c. concrete and abstract. d. effective and communicative. 5. What is substantivation of adjectives f. when adjectives are converted into nouns g. when adjectives have the prefixes of verbs h. when adjectives become adverbs i. when adjectives are converted into statives 396. Extra linguistic knowledge includes… a. the knowledge about the cultural context, literary trend and the author’s personality. b. the knowledge about words and their meaning, grammar forms, word combinations, phraseological units. c. the knowledge which is hidden in the text and can be interpreted only through the frame analysis. d. the knowledge signals of conceptual world picture. 397. What do you understand by stem – building elements a. elements that help to build new words b. elements that change the grammatical forms of words c. the means that form the degrees of comparison d. the means that help to form singular and plural meanings 398.Function verbs are divided into three: a. link verbs, modal verbs, auxiliary verbs. b. auxiliary verbs, notional verbs, link verbs c. finite verbs, non-finite verbs d. link verbs, finite verbs 399. The active voice is formed by: a. *zero morpheme b. overt morpheme c. empty morpheme d. discontinuous morpheme 400. From the point of view of their ability of taking objects verbs fall under two types: a. transitive and intransitive b. regular and irregular c. notional and functional d. finite and non-finite