Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems PDF

Colloidal Nano particular drug delivery 7/13/2024 1  Introduction Nanocarriers are colloidal drug carrier systems having submicron particle size typically 10nm-500 nm. Nanocarriers showed great promise in the area of drug delivery. Nanocarriers ha...

Colloidal Nano particular drug delivery 7/13/2024 1  Introduction Nanocarriers are colloidal drug carrier systems having submicron particle size typically 10nm-500 nm. Nanocarriers showed great promise in the area of drug delivery. Nanocarriers have enabled effective delivery of anticancer drugs to the tumors also as a tool for diagnosing The particle size, surface area, porosity, and surface charge of nanoparticles are associated with increased solubility, stability, oral absorption, and their ability to reach the target site 7/13/2024 2 Nanocarrier-based approaches for efficient biopharmaceutical delivery 7/13/2024 3  Some of the unique features of nanocarriers include  Enhanced biodistribution and pharmacokinetics  Enhanced stability  Enhanced solubility Reduction in toxicity  Prolonged blood circulation  High specificity  Sustained and targeted drug delivery Delivery of peptide drug Anti neoplastic treatment 7/13/2024 4 Limitation of nanoparticles Particle-particle aggregation Minimal drug loading Handling of nanoparticles is difficult in liquid and dry form 7/13/2024 5 Organic nanocarriers include: liposomes, niosomes Solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and virus-like particles (VLPs) These organic nanocarriers are very versatile in nature with less toxicity and have the ability to conjugate a variety of drugs for drug delivery Polymeric Nano carriers and liposome mediated drug delivery are the first generation Nano carriers as they are simple excipient 7/13/2024 6 Inorganic nanoparticles include: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Noble metal NPs Silver-based NPs Gold-based NPs Magnetic NPs (Fe3O4 NPs) 7/13/2024 7  Liposomes  Liposomes are the most common nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery.  Liposomes are naturally occurring type of vesicles consisting of an aqueous core enclosed by lipid bilayers of natural phospholipids with 10- to 1000 nm in size  Liposome can entrap both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds Lipophilic molecules are inserted into the bilayer membrane, and hydrophilic molecules can be entrapped in the aqueous center. Encapsulation within liposomes protects compounds from early inactivation, degradation and dilution in the circulation Coating liposomes with PEG (PEGylated liposome, stealth stealth liposome) results in  high stability,  prolonged circulation time,  long half life in the body, producing a sustained drug release 7/13/2024 8 Applications of Liposomes: 1. Gene Delivery 2. Targeted Delivery 3. Ocular Therapy 4. Pulmonary Application 5. Cancer Therapy 6. Arthritis 7/13/2024 9  Eg., amphotericin B liposomal injection (AmBisome ) liposomes encapsulated with antibiotic ciprofloxacin HCl improved the ocular permeation of the drug. Liposomes loaded with diclofenac displayed better physical stability and less aggregation compared to conventional diclofenac ophthalmic solution Liposomes are considered as a better drug delivery vehicles., Why? their membrane structure is analogous to the cell membranes and because they facilitate incorporation of drugs in them 7/13/2024 10 Advantage disadvantage Can load both hydrophilic and Could crystallize during long term lipophilic drugs (Ampicillin, amphotericin B) storage High payload, increase drug efficacy Leakage and fusion of loaded drug during storage Longer duration of action Phospholipids may undergo Increase drug stability oxidative degradation biodegradable and biocompatible Less cytotoxic, suitable for target drug delivery Liposomes can be conjugated to ligands as antibodies , peptides , carbohydrates in order to enhance target specificity 7/13/2024 11 Niosomes Niosomes are synthetic vesicles by hydrating mixture of cholesterol and one or more nonionic surfactants, size 10-100 nm. The niosomal encapsulation of Methotrexate and Doxorubicin increases drug delivery to the tumor Advantages of Niosomes They improve the therapeutic performance of the drug molecules by delayed clearance from the circulation, Protecting the drug from biological environment They can be made to reach the site of action by oral, parenteral , transdermal, and topical routes. The vesicles may act as a depot, releasing the drug in a controlled manner Handling and storage of surfactants requires no special conditions. 7/13/2024 12 7/13/2024 13  Difference between liposome & niosomes 7/13/2024 14  Polymeric Micelles Self-assembled micelles are composed of amphiphilic polymers that spontaneously self-assemble to form micelles. The hydrophobic segment forms the core and the hydrophilic segment forms the shell The size of micelles ranges from 10 nm to 100 nm These are useful for permitting their accumulation in tumor tissues through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR). When the micelle assembly creation starts??? 7/13/2024 15 7/13/2024 16 Polymeric micelles are a potential carrier: to deliver hydrophobic drugs and proteins through biological membranes, to increase the chemical stability of unstable compounds, and to control the release of drugs micelles were able to deliver an adequate amount of Cyclosporine A into the cornea for the treatment of immune -mediated corneal disease After intravitreal administration, the uptake of Doxorubicin in micellar solution was four times greater than plain DOX solution Adapalene encapsulated in micellar nanocarrier increased its targeting efficiency to 4.5 as well as 3.3-fold higher with finite dose 7/13/2024 17  SLN (Solid lipid nanoparticle) are nanosized colloidal drug carriers in the size range of 50–1,000 nm SLNs are prepared by dispersing melted solid lipid(s) in water, whereas emulsifier(s) are used to stabilize the dispersion. Lipids that are solid at room temperature are used in SLNs including triglycerides; fatty acids; fatty alcohols; waxes and steroids with surfactant combination have been utilized for the preparation of SLNs. SLN act as a vehicle to deliver genes and nucleic acids, to treat ophthalmic diseases, for controlled release of active agents or targeted drug delivery of antitumor agents as: doxorubicin, paclitaxel, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil 7/13/2024 18  This nanocarrier can be used for drug delivery through topical application, parenteral and oral administration. The most commonly used methods for preparing SLNs are high pressure homogenization 7/13/2024 19 The most attractive features of SLNs are: high physical stability; ease of scale -up biocompatibility; biodegradable lack of biotoxicity; increased stability of the active ingredient; no need for organic solvents in synthesis ; the ability of controlled release of active ingredient the ability to protect unstable compounds from chemical degradation. 7/13/2024 20 Examples of API that can be incorporated into SLN are; Chemotherapeutics, antifungals, peptides, NSAIDs, proteins, Vitamins, genes, and nucleic acids. Sunscreens and cosmetics have been formulated this way The stability pattern of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) is more attractive than that of other nanoparticulate formulations. Aqueous SLNs can be stored for up to 3 years or longer 7/13/2024 21  Inorganic nanocarriers Inorganic nanocarriers include: gold, silver, copper, zinc nanocarriers magnetic nanocarriers, mesoporous silica The inorganic nanocarriers can be effectively used in: biosensing, cell labeling, targeting, imaging and diagnostics. 7/13/2024 22 Inorganic nanoparticles (gold nanoparticle, AuNPs), Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have drawn more attention in medical field, with particular emphasis on oncology AuNPs have multiple geometric shapes and sizes Many physical and chemical properties of AuNPs, such as catalytic ability, melting point, electric conductivity and color, can be controlled by changing their shape, size and even surrounding environment. AuNPs are versatile materials, relatively inert, biocompatible, low toxicity and generally stable AuNPs can conjugate and interact with various molecules, including drugs, nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), proteins or peptides, carbohydrates, genes, antibodies targeting ligands. 7/13/2024 23  Advantage and/ Limition of metallic nanoparticles Metallic nanoparticles have enhanced tunable optical properties, high drug loading, and improved therapeutic efficacy. including increased aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, increased drug circulation time in the blood, site-specific drug targeting, metallic nanocarriers are associated with some limitations, such as higher toxicity and poor biocompatibility 7/13/2024 24  Figure 1 Different sizes and shapes of AuNPs. The sizes and Figure 2 Diverse connecting molecules of AuNPs. shapes of AuNPs can be controlled through simple synthetic methods. 7/13/2024 25 Multifunctional applications of gold nanoparticles. 7/13/2024 26