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‫حی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫حم‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م اّلل ا ر ن ا ر م‬ ‫بس‬ 3  Is this really new ??? 1959 Richard Feynman at California Institute of Technology called "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom“, Norio Taniguchi 1974 “'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidat...

‫حی‬ ‫ل‬ ‫حم‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫م اّلل ا ر ن ا ر م‬ ‫بس‬ 3  Is this really new ??? 1959 Richard Feynman at California Institute of Technology called "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom“, Norio Taniguchi 1974 “'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.”  History continues........ K. Eric Drexler the first PhD in nanotechnology. Discovery of C60 (known as Buckyballs) 1989 – IBM logo made with individual atoms 7  Nano scale Size Effect Realization of miniaturized devices and systems while providing more functionality Attainment of high surface area to volume ratio Manifestation of novel phenomena and properties, including changes in: - Physical Properties (e.g. melting point) - Chemical Properties (e.g. reactivity) - Electrical Properties (e.g. conductivity) - Mechanical Properties (e.g. strength) - Optical Properties (e.g. light emission) 11th century 4th century 15th century Nanomaterials is not new 12 1990-2000: Foundational Period Definition: Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of matter at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale, generally in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. The term gained prominence due to advances in materials science and the ability to control matter on a nanoscale level. Development of nanomaterials like nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. 2000-2005: Early Applications Definition: Nanotechnology was more clearly defined as the science, engineering, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology was being explored for drug delivery systems (nanocarriers, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles). The miniaturization of transistors in microchips led to significant advancements in computing power. Enhanced materials with unique properties (strength, flexibility, reactivity) began to be integrated into products like coatings and textiles. 2005-2015: Expansion and Commercialization Definition: Nanotechnology by this time was broadly defined as a multidisciplinary field encompassing the manipulation and application of nanoscale materials across various industries. Nanomaterials used in solar cells, batteries, and energy storage systems, like supercapacitors. advanced drug delivery systems, diagnostic tools (e.g., nanosensors), and theranostics. Use of nanomaterials for pollution control, water filtration, and environmental remediation. Integration of nanotechnology in everyday products, such as cosmetics, food packaging, and sporting goods. The Foresight Institute, a leading think tank focused on transformative technologies, often refers to nanotechnology in the context of molecular manufacturing. This concept emphasizes: Machines capable of precisely positioning molecules to build complex products with atomic precision. Producing highly efficient, durable, and customizable materials and devices. Nanobiotechnology  Nano scale Size Effect Manifestation of novel phenomena and properties, including changes in: - Physical Properties (e.g. melting point) - Chemical Properties (e.g. reactivity) - Electrical Properties (e.g. conductivity) - Mechanical Properties (e.g. strength) - Optical Properties (e.g. light emission) Attainment of high surface area to volume ratio Idealized representation of hexagonal close packed full-shell ‘magic number’ clusters 22  Semiconductor Nanoparticles Semiconductor nanoparticles (1 - 20nm, quantum dots) have a structural arrangement similar to bulk materials, but very different physical properties (optical, electrical). 25 Classification of nanomaterials ‫‪Carbon‬‬ ‫کربن آمورف‬ ‫الماس‬ ‫کربن شیشه ای‬ ‫گرافیت‬ ‫کربن سیاه‬ ‫گرافه‬ ‫کربن متخلخل‬ ‫واوولولههای کربىی‬ ‫کربن فعال‬ ‫فولرنها‬ ‫کربن شبه الماسی‬ ‫واووالیاف کربىی‬  Nanostructures Carbon nanostructures 0.142 nm n=m (n-m)/2 = 1,2,3… Nano crystal Quantum dot Quantum dot  Semiconductor Nanoparticles Semiconductor nanoparticles (1 - 20nm, quantum dots) have a structural arrangement similar to bulk materials, but very different physical properties (optical, electrical). 42 Nano fibers Nano fibers Nano fibers Nano fibers Nano fibers Nano fibers Nano fibers Magnetic nanoparticles Mg, Li, Tn Fe, Co, Ni Porous nanomaterial Porous nanomaterial Porous nanomaterial Porous nanomaterial Mesoporous silica nanoparticles  Hydrogel Light, temperature, ion, pH, enzyme, … CONH, CONH2, OH, SO3H, … Hydrogel Hydrogel Hydrogel Aerogel Aerogel Liposome Micelle Polymeric nanoparticles Block co-polymers  Self-assembly of four-armed structure using a poly (ethylene glycol) core terminated to polycaprolactone blocks (PEG4-PCL) poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA) Dendrimer