Christianity Exam Questions PDF

15 marker question. [Christianity] *For we are... created in Christ Jesus to do good works. Ephesians 2:10 5* *(a) With reference to the stimulus, explain how ONE ethical teaching in Christianity is applied in order to encourage adherents to do good. In your answer, refer to ONE of the following:...

15 marker question. [Christianity] *For we are... created in Christ Jesus to do good works. Ephesians 2:10 5* *(a) With reference to the stimulus, explain how ONE ethical teaching in Christianity is applied in order to encourage adherents to do good. In your answer, refer to ONE of the following:* * [sexual ethics].* *Christians view sex as a sacred tool in which God has gifted to humankind not only for procreation, but as a unitive act connecting spouses under a reciprocated love.* *Christians are encouraged to enjoy sexual relations within the confines of a loving, adult, heterosexual, married relationship.* ***"Be fruitful and multiply\" (1:28)*** ***"You shall not commit adultery"(Exodus 20)*** *[Sample]* *One significant ethical teaching in Christianity is **sexual ethics**, which emphasises that sex is a sacred gift from God designed for both procreation and the unitive bond between spouses. This teaching is grounded in the belief that sexual intimacy is meant to be enjoyed within a **loving, adult, heterosexual marriage**, fostering a deep connection based on mutual love and respect.* *The call to **"be fruitful and multiply"** **(Genesis 1:28)** underscores the procreative aspect of sexual relationships, encouraging couples to embrace their role in creating and nurturing life. This commandment promotes the idea that sexual relations are a fundamental part of God's design for family and community, emphasizing the importance of commitment and stability in raising children.* *Additionally, the command **"You shall not commit adultery"** **(Exodus 20:14)** serves as a moral guideline that highlights the significance of faithfulness and integrity in marriage. By discouraging infidelity, this teaching protects the sanctity of the marital relationship, fostering trust and loyalty between spouses. This commitment not only strengthens family bonds but also contributes to the overall well-being of society.* *In applying these teachings, Christians are encouraged to engage in ethical sexual behavior that reflects love, respect, and responsibility. By adhering to these principles, they contribute positively to their relationships and the wider community, fulfilling the calling of **Ephesians 2:10**, which states that they are "created in Christ Jesus to do good works." Thus, sexual ethics not only guides personal conduct but also promotes the common good by reinforcing healthy family structures and nurturing loving relationships.* *(b) Analyse the importance of ONE significant practice to the adherents of Christianity. In your answer, refer to ONE of the following:* * [baptism ]* *What is it?* - - - *Baptism is a Christian rite in which new members are initiated into the Christian* *community. Baptism has been used since the beginning of Christianity when it was* *used to initiate adults only, only becoming open to children in more recent centuries.* *Baptism involves the profession of the faith by the immersion of the forehead. It is* *common to all Christian faiths.* *Quotes* - - *[Sample:]* *Baptism is a significant practice within Christianity, symbolising entry into the Christian community and spiritual rebirth. It is regarded as a sacrament, meaning it is a visible sign of God\'s grace and marks the beginning of the believer\'s faith journey. Theologically, it represents the cleansing of original sin and the individual's rebirth as a child of God, aligning with Jesus' words in **John 3:5**: **"no one can enter the Kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."*** *The practice is rooted in Christ's command in the Great Commission: **"go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit"** (**Matthew 28:19**). This highlights its importance for salvation and the universal call to baptism. It also serves as the "doorway to other sacraments", such as Confirmation and Eucharist, signifying that the baptised person is now fully part of the Christian community.* *Baptism is practised across Christian denominations, with **infant baptism** common in Catholicism and **believer's baptism** in some Protestant traditions. In both cases, it marks a significant spiritual transformation and commitment to a life of faith.* *(c) How is the contribution of ONE significant person or school of thought, other than Jesus, evident in Christianity today?* ***E.g Saint John Paul*** - - *[Sample]* *One significant figure in Christianity today is **Saint John Paul II**, whose contributions are evident in his **Theology of the Body** and **advocacy for human rights**.* *Firstly, his **Theology of the Body** articulates a Catholic understanding of human sexuality and dignity. He emphasises Genesis 1:27, which states, "So God created mankind in his own image; male and female he created them." This teaching highlights the sacredness of human dignity and the complementary nature of men and women, encouraging believers to view their bodies as expressions of love within marriage. This perspective shapes contemporary discussions on sexuality and relationships within the Church.* *Secondly, Saint John Paul II was a strong advocate for **human rights**, emphasising the inherent dignity of every person. He draws from Matthew 25:40, where Jesus says, "Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me." This teaching underscores the call to serve others, motivating Christians to engage in social justice and advocate for the oppressed. His actions during the Solidarity movement in Poland illustrate his commitment to these principles, inspiring many believers to uphold human rights in their communities.* *In summary, Saint John Paul II\'s **Theology of the Body** and **human rights advocacy** continue to resonate in Christianity today, shaping moral teachings and inspiring believers to live out these principles.* 20 marker questions. [Judaism] *How does Judaism guide adherents towards living a better life? Make reference to at least TWO of the following:* * ethics* *Bioethics, LGBTQ+, gender roles* ***Pikuach Nefesh - the obligation to save a life in jeopardy even to the extent of violating other commandments except murder, incest and idolatry (overrides other decisions)*** ***Torah*** ***quote -** \"For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: a time to be born and a time to die\" (Ecclesiastes 3:1-2)* - ***Talmud*** ***quote -** \"Whoever destroys one life is as if he destroyed the whole world, and whoever preserves a life is as if he preserved the whole world\" (Sanhedrin 4:5)* *For instance, in different categories of judaism* ***Orthodox*** - ***Conservative*** - ***Reformed*** - *[Sample]* *Judaism offers a rich ethical framework that guides adherents towards living a better life, particularly through its teachings on **bioethics*** *Judaism provides clear ethical guidelines regarding sensitive issues such as medical treatment, abortion, and LGBTQ+ rights. Central to this ethical framework is the notion that life is sacred and must be preserved. For instance, the Torah explicitly commands, **\"You shall not murder\" (Exodus 20:13),** which establishes a fundamental principle that underscores the value of human life. This commandment is often referenced in discussions around bioethics, influencing how Jewish communities approach medical interventions and end-of-life decisions.* *In terms of abortion, different branches of Judaism interpret these ethical teachings variably. Orthodox Judaism holds that abortion is generally prohibited unless the mother\'s life is in danger, whether from a physical or psychological perspective, reflecting a strict adherence to the sanctity of life. In contrast, Conservative and Reform Judaism offer a more nuanced understanding. For example, the Reform movement accepts medical, psychological, and economic reasons for abortion, emphasising the need for compassion and individual choice in difficult situations. This flexibility allows adherents to navigate complex ethical dilemmas while remaining grounded in the overarching value of life.* *The principle of **Pikuach Nefesh** further reinforces the ethical obligation to preserve life above other commandments. This concept posits that saving a life takes precedence over almost all other Jewish laws, underscoring the belief that human life is of utmost importance. As stated in the Talmud, \"**Whoever destroys one life is as if he destroyed the whole world, and whoever preserves a life is as if he preserved the whole world\" (Sanhedrin 4:5).** This teaching reflects the profound significance of each individual life within the broader tapestry of humanity, guiding adherents to prioritise actions that protect and sustain life.* *For instance, in emergency medical situations, the obligation to save a life may override prohibitions against performing work on the Sabbath. This principle illustrates how Judaism actively encourages adherents to engage in compassionate and life-affirming actions, even when such actions require the suspension of traditional observances.* * significant person or school of thought.* ***E.g. Baal Shem Tov founder of Hasidism*** - - *[Sample]* ***Baal Shem Tov**, the founder of **Hasidism**, whose teachings and emphasis on spirituality have profoundly influenced Jewish life and thought. His approach centers on **devotion**, **joy**, and the concept of **Tikkun Olam** (repairing the world), which collectively guide adherents toward living a more meaningful and fulfilled life.* *The Baal Shem Tov, whose name means \"Master of the Good Name,\" taught that one could achieve closeness to God through joyful worship and heartfelt devotion. He emphasised the importance of **intention** **(kavanah)** in prayer and ritual, advocating that genuine emotion and connection to the Divine could transform mundane activities into profound spiritual experiences. His teachings encourage followers to approach their faith with a sense of enthusiasm and joy, which fosters a positive relationship with God and encourages communal bonds.* *This focus on joy is particularly significant in contrast to the practices of earlier Jewish traditions. The Baal Shem Tov believed that happiness was a form of worship and a means of connecting to the Divine. He often stated that a joyful heart is essential for spiritual elevation, inspiring his followers to seek joy in their lives and share that joy with others. This approach not only enhances individual spirituality but also cultivates a vibrant, supportive community.* ### ***Tikkun Olam*** *Another critical aspect of Baal Shem Tov\'s teachings is the concept of **Tikkun Olam**, which translates to \"repairing the world.\" This principle emphasises the moral responsibility of individuals to engage in acts that contribute to social justice and the betterment of society. The Baal Shem Tov taught that every good deed has the power to bring healing and restoration to the world, encouraging his followers to act with compassion and kindness.* *Tikkun Olam extends beyond individual actions; it encompasses a collective commitment to creating a more just and equitable world. This concept has become a cornerstone of Jewish thought and action, inspiring various movements within Judaism that focus on social justice, environmental stewardship, and humanitarian efforts. By promoting Tikkun Olam, the Baal Shem Tov instilled a sense of purpose in his followers, encouraging them to take an active role in repairing the world around them.* ### ***Influence on Hasidism and Modern Judaism*** *The Baal Shem Tov\'s teachings laid the foundation for Hasidism in the 1740s, a movement that emphasises spirituality, community, and the transformative power of joy. His legacy continues to influence contemporary Jewish practices, inspiring individuals to integrate spirituality into their daily lives while fostering a sense of communal responsibility. Hasidic teachings encourage adherents to find God in everyday experiences and to engage with the world positively and proactively.* *In modern times, the concepts of joy and Tikkun Olam remain relevant, guiding Jewish communities in their responses to social issues. Many Jews today actively participate in social justice initiatives, environmental activism, and charitable work, reflecting the Baal Shem Tov\'s enduring influence on Jewish thought and practice.* *In summary, the Baal Shem Tov's contributions to Judaism are significant in their emphasis on **devotion**, **joy**, and **Tikkun Olam**. His teachings encourage individuals to cultivate a joyful and heartfelt relationship with God while actively engaging in efforts to repair the world. By fostering a sense of community and moral responsibility, the Baal Shem Tov's legacy continues to inspire and guide Jewish adherents towards a life enriched by spirituality and social commitment.*