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# Lecture 14 ## Response to Intervention ### Components of Responsiveness to Intervention(RTI) 1. High-quality, research-based classroom instruction. 2. Ongoing student assessment. 3. Tiered instruction. 4. Parent involvement. ### Tier 1 #### Description - Includes the core instructional...

# Lecture 14 ## Response to Intervention ### Components of Responsiveness to Intervention(RTI) 1. High-quality, research-based classroom instruction. 2. Ongoing student assessment. 3. Tiered instruction. 4. Parent involvement. ### Tier 1 #### Description - Includes the core instructional program - Students receive instruction in the general education classroom - Benchmark Assessment: given to all students to determine progress #### Goals - To ensure that all students receive effective instruction - To identify students who are at risk for academic failure ### Tier 2 #### Description - Includes targeted interventions - Students receive instruction in small groups - Progress monitoring: weekly or bi-weekly to determine student progress #### Goals - To provide students with additional support to help them catch up to their peers - To prevent students from falling further behind ### Tier 3 #### Description - Includes intensive interventions - Students receive individualized instruction - Progress monitoring: frequent (e.g., daily) to determine student progress #### Goals - To provide students with the most intensive support possible - To help students make significant gains in their academic skills ### Criticisms of RTI 1. Lack of a firm research base. 2. Inconsistent application. 3. Varying levels of parent involvement. ## Other Models ### Aptitude-Achievement Discrepancy #### Description - Compares student's scores on an aptitude test (e.g. IQ test) with their scores on an achievement test (e.g., reading test). - A significant discrepancy between the two scores may indicate a learning disability. #### Criticisms 1. "Wait to fail" model. 2. Discrepancy formulas are unreliable. 3. IQ tests are culturally biased. ### Cognitive Assessment #### Description - Examines student's cognitive processes (e.g., attention, memory, processing speed). - Identifies specific cognitive strengths and weaknesses that may be contributing to learning difficulties. #### Criticisms 1. Time-consuming and expensive. 2. Requires specialized expertise. 3. May not be useful for all students.