Past Paper (Biology) PDF

Put (√) Or (X) 1) (Hcl) of the stomach activater pepsinogen into pepsin (√) (√) ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻳﻨﺸﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻮﺟﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ‬Hcl) ‫( ﺣﻤﺾ‬1 2) the salivary amylase digests the proteins (X) (X) ‫( اﻣﻴﻠﺰ اﻟﻠﻌﺎب ﻳﻬﻀﻢ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‬2 3) Hypoxia is oxygen lack at the tissue level...

Put (√) Or (X) 1) (Hcl) of the stomach activater pepsinogen into pepsin (√) (√) ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻳﻨﺸﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻮﺟﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ‬Hcl) ‫( ﺣﻤﺾ‬1 2) the salivary amylase digests the proteins (X) (X) ‫( اﻣﻴﻠﺰ اﻟﻠﻌﺎب ﻳﻬﻀﻢ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‬2 3) Hypoxia is oxygen lack at the tissue level (√) (√) ‫( ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ا ﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬3 4) Tachycarolia is decrease of the heart rate (X) (X) ‫ ﻫﻮ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬Tachycarolia (4 5) Rhythmicity and automaticity are property of the cardial muocle (√) (√) ‫( ا ﻳﻘﺎع واﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬5 6) Cyanosis is yellowish coloration of the skin and mucous membranes (X) (X) ‫( زرﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠﻮن ﻣﺼﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ وا ﻏﺸﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬6 7) The anemic hypoxia is due to deficiency of the normal hemoglobin (√) (√) ‫( ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺴﺞ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬7 8) The ovaries secrete testosteron hormon (X) (X) ‫( اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻀﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮز ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮون‬8 9) Collection of air in the pleural cavity is called pneumothorax (√) (√) ‫( ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﺠﻨﺒﻲ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﺳﺘﺮواح اﻟﺼﺪر‬9 10) The unit structure of the nervous system is the reflex arch (X) (X) ‫( ﻫﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻮس ا ﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬10 11) farsightedness is called hyperopia (√) (√) ‫( ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬11 12) Macrocytic anemia is due to folic and defficiency (√) (√) ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ وﻋﺪم اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‬Macrocytic ‫( ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم‬12 13) Expiration is an active pracess (X) (X) ‫( اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﺼ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬13 14) All plasma proteins are produced by the liver (√) (√) ‫( ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺒ زﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ‬14 15) During exposure to cold thrtr is increased secretion of thyroxine and adrenalin hormones (√) ‫( ﺧ ل اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺒﺮد ﻫﻨﺎك زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮاز ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﻐﺪة‬15 (√) ( ‫اﻟﺪرﻗﻴﺔ وﻫﺮﻣﻮن ا درﻳﻨﺎﻟﻴﻦ ) اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ 16) the testis secrete estrogen and progesteron hormones (X) (X) ‫( اﻟﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺮز ﻫﺮﻣﻮن ا ﺳﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ وﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺒﺮﺟﺴﺘﺮون‬16 17) Sympathetic stimulation increase the heart rate (√)  (√) ‫ ( اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬17 18) The eye pupil which constrict and dilate is called reactive pupil (√) (√) ‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺆﺑﺆ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻨﺤﺼﺮ وﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬18 19) Cardiac contraction to eject blood is called diastol (X) (X) diastol ‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﺪم‬19 20) Cardia contraction to eject blood is called systal (√) (√) systal ‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺧﺮاج اﻟﺪم‬20 21) The cell membrane controls the cell activities and division (X) (X) ‫( ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻏﺸﺎء اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬21 22) The nucleus of the cell controls the cell activities and division (√) (√) ‫( ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻮاة اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬22 23) The gastric Hcl help absorption of iron and calcium (√) (√) ‫ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم‬Hcl ‫( ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬23 24) Anemia is abnormal increase in red blood cells (X) (X) ‫( ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم ﻫﻮ زﻳﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬24 25) The valume of blood pumped by each ventyide perminute is called the cardiac autput (√) ‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬25  (√) ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ 26) The inspiration is a passive process (X) (X) ‫( ا ﻟﻬﺎم ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬26 27) The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord (√) (√) ‫( ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺦ واﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬27 28) The pupillo-constriction is called mydriasis (X) (X) ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺤﺪﻗﺔ‬pupillo ‫( وﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬28 29) The maximum pressure reached within in the arteries is the systolic blood pressure (√) ‫( اﻟﺤﺪ ا ﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺸﺮاﻳﻴﻦ‬29 (√) ‫ﻫﻮ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم ا ﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ‬ Choose the correct answer 1) The macrocytic anemia is due to deficiency of ( vitamin B12 _ iron ) _ B12 ‫( ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎت ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﻘﺺ )ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬1 (‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ 2) cyanosis is (yellowish _ bluish) coloration of skin and mucus membrane ‫ ( زرﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ )ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء_ ﺑﺎﻟﺰرﻗﺔ( واﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺎط‬2 3) the unite structure of the nervous system is ( neuron _ reflex arch )  (‫ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻼإرادي‬- ‫( ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ )اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻮن‬3 4) A constant body temperature means heat gain is ( more _ equal ) to heat loss _ ‫ ( ﺗﻌﻨﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ أن ﻛﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺮارة )أﻛﺜﺮ‬4 ‫ﻳﺴﺎوي( إﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ 5) Rhythmicity and auto maticity is the property of the ( cardiac muscle _ skeletal muscle ) ‫( ا ﻳﻘﺎع واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ )ﻋﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ واﻟﻌﻀ‬5 (‫ت _ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬ 6) Generation of energy in the cell is the function of ( nucleus _ mitochordrio ) (‫( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ )اﻟﻨﻮاة _ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﻮﻛﻮﻧﺪرﻳﺎ‬6 7) polycythemia is abnormal ( increase _ decrease ) in the red blood cells ‫ ( ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﺤﻤﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ )زﻳﺎدة _ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن( ﻓﻲ ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم‬7 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ 8) Abnormal increase in the red blood cells is called ( polycythemia _ anemia ) ‫( اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺗﺴﻤﻰ )ﻛﺜﺮة ﺧ‬8 (‫ ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم‬- ‫ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ 9) The (Hcl) of the stomach help in digestion of the ( proteins _ fats ) (‫( اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻫﻀﻢ )اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت _ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬Hcl) ‫( ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬9 10) The maximum pressure reached within the arteries is called ( diastolic _ systolic ) blood pressure ‫ ( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ ا ﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ داﺧﻞ‬10 (‫اﻟﺸﺮاﻳﻴﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم ) ا ﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ _ اﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ‬ 11) The nearsightedness is called ( hyperopia _ myopia ) (‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ )ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ _ ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬11 12) Controlling cell activities and cell division is the function of the ( nucleus _ mitochondrea ) ‫ ( اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ وا ﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﺨﻠﻮي ﻫﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬12 (‫ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﻮﻛﻮﻧﺪرﻳﺎ‬- ‫)اﻟﻨﻮاة‬ 13) Estrogen and progesteron hormones are secreted from (ovary _testis ) ‫( ﻳﺘﻢ إﻓﺮاز ﻫﺮﻣﻮن ا ﺳﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ واﻟﺒﺮوﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮون ﻣﻦ )اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ‬13 (‫_اﻟﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ 14) Inspiration occur due to ( contraction _ relaxation ) of respiratory muscles ‫ ( إﻟﻬﺎم ﻳﺤﺪث ﺑﺴﺒﺐ )ﺗﻘﻠﺺ _ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء( ﻣﻦ ﻋﻀ ت اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬14 ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ 15) Deficiecy of normal hemoglobin causes ( staqnant _ anemic ) hypoxia ‫( ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﻏﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ) رﻗﺪ _ ﻓﻘﺮ دم( ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬15 16 ) Inspiraition is an ( active _ passive ) process (‫( ا ﻟﻬﺎم ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ )ﻧﺸﻄﺔ _ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬16 17) The plasma protein ( albumin _ fibrinogen ) is converted into blood a lot ‫( إﻟﻰ‬albumin _ fibrinogen) ‫( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﺒ زﻣﺎ‬17 ‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪم‬ 18)The functional of the nervous system is the (reflex arch _neuron) (‫( اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﻫﻲ )اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺲ _اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻮن‬18 19) Increased heart rate is called ( bradycardi _ tachycardia ) ‫( ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ زﻳﺎدة )ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬19 ( ‫_ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ 20) The salivary amylase of saliva digests ( starch _ proteins ) (‫( اﻣﻠﻴﺰ اﻟﻠﻌﺎب ﻣﻦ ﻫﻀﻢ اﻟﻠﻌﺎب )اﻟﻨﺸﺎ _ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻦ‬20 21) In Inspiration there is ( contraction _ relaxation ) of respiratory ‫( ﻓﻲ ا ﻟﻬﺎم ﻫﻨﺎك )اﻧﻜﻤﺎش _ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء( ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬21 Complte 1) Hemostasis is the stopping of bleeding from the damaged blood versels and this occur by the following meohanisms vasoconstriction , platelet plug formation , blood coagulation (clot formation) ‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻦ ﺧ‬، ‫( ا رﻗﺎء ﻫﻮ وﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬1  ‫ ﺗﺨﺜﺮ‬، ‫ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬، ‫ل ا ﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻴﻖ ا وﻋﻴﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﺪم )ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﻄﺔ‬ 2) During oxposure to cold there is increased heat gain and decreased heat loss while during exposure to heart there is decreased heat gain and increased ‫ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬، ‫( ﺧ ل ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺒﺮد‬2 ‫وﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻫﻨﺎك اﻧﺨﻔﺎض زﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة وزﻳﺎدة ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ 3) The function of the cell membrane is support , protection , maintain homeostasis , cell barrier ‫ واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫( وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻏﺸﺎء اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬3 ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﺘﻮازن‬ 4) The glands of the gastric mucosa secrete mucus , Hcl , intrinsic factor , pepsinogen ‫ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬، Hcl ، ‫ ( اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎط‬4 ‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻨﻮﺟﻴﻦ‬، ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ 5) The types of blood cells are Red blood cells , white blood cells , platelets and one formed in bone marrow ‫( أﻧﻮاع ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم ﻫﻲ ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‬5 ‫واﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ وأﺧﺮى ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻧﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ 6) The reflex arch consists of receptor , afferent neuron , center, efferent neuron , affector organ ، ‫ اﻟﺨ ﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ وارد‬، ‫( ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻗﻮس ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ ت‬6 ‫ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ‬،‫ ﻋﺼﺒﻮن ﻓﺎﺷﻲ‬، ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ 7) The types of hypoxia are hypoxic hypoxia , staqnant hypoxia , Anemic hypoxia , Histotoxic hypoxia ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬، ‫( أﻧﻮاع ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬7 ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺴﺘﻮﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬، ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ ا ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم‬، ‫اﻟﺮاﻛﺪ‬ 8) Hemostasis is the stopping of bleeding from the damaged blood vessel by the following mechanisms vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation , blood coagulation ( clot jomatis ) ‫( ا رﻗﺎء ﻫﻮ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ ﻣﻦ ا وﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬8 ، ‫ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬، ‫آﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻴﻖ ا وﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ (‫ﺗﺨﺜﺮ اﻟﺪم )اﻟﺠﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬ 9) The properties of the cardiac muscle are Excitability , contractility , conductivity , rhythmicity automaticity ، ‫ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬، ‫ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬، ‫( ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺜﺎرة‬9 ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎع‬ 10) – The ventricular contraction to eject the blood is called systole ‫ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ا ﻧﻘﺒﺎض اﻟﺒﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﺮاج اﻟﺪم‬- (10 _ The ventricular relaxation to be filled with blood is called diastal diastal ‫_ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء اﻟﺒﻄﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮء ﺑﺎﻟﺪم بـ‬ _ Increased heat rate is called tachycardia while the decreased heart vat is called bradycardia  ‫_ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﺿﻐﻂ‬ "‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺑﻂء اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ 11) The average count of tla blood platelets is 250,000/mm3 ,it is formed in the bone marrow and its function is formation of platelet plug to stop bleeding ،3 ‫ ﻣﻢ‬/ 000،250 ‫​ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗ ﻫﻮ‬‫( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬11 ‫وﻳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﻢ وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‬ 12) The count of the red blood cells is 4.5_5.4 million/mm3 and it contain a red pigment called hemoqlobin which function to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide ‫وﻳﺤﺘﻮي‬3 ‫ ﻣﻢ‬/ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬5.4 _4.5 ‫ ( ﻋﺪد ﺧ ﻳﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻫﻮ‬12 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻤﻞ ا‬.‫ﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ و ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ 13) Anemia is a decrease in number of RBCs , hemoglobin content or both ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬، ‫( ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم ﻫﻮ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻛﺮات اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬13 ‫اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ أو ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ 14) The process of formation of new red blood cells is called Erythropoiesis and this needs presence of healthy liver ,kidney and bone marrow ‫( ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺧ ﻳﺎ دم ﺣﻤﺮاء ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬14 ‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻜﺒﺪ واﻟﻜﻠﻰ وﻧﺨﺎع‬Erythropoiesis.‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬ 15) The cyanosis is bluish coloration of the skin and mucus membranes due to increased recluced hemoglobin above 5 gm% in arterial blood ‫ ( اﻟﺰرﻗﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮن ﻣﺰرق ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ وا ﻏﺸﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬15 ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬٪ 5 gm ‫زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﻏﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ 16) The types of plasma proteins are albumin , globulins and fibrinogen and They are all formed in the liver ‫ اﻟﺠﻠﻮﺑﻴﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬، ‫( أﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺒ زﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺰ ل‬16 ‫واﻟﻔﻴﺒﺮﻳﻨﻮﺟﻴﻦ وﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ‬ 17)The ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone hormones and produce the fibrinogen , while the testes secrete testosterone hormone and produce sperms ‫( ﻳﻔﺮز اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻀﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﻮن ا ﺳﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ واﻟﺒﺮوﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮون وﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬17 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮز اﻟﺨﺼﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﻮن‬، (‫اﻟﻔﻴﺒﺮﻳﻨﻮﺟﻴﻦ ) اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﻴﺮون وﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ D.M