Myth Slides (Iliad Full) PDF

Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XVII The Iliad (the Basics): - Epic Poem about mythical Trojan War - “written” by Homer - One of the oldest texts still read today (“written” around 700 B.C.E.) - One of the two - Divided into 24 books - Rhapsodes - in media res Preface to the Trojan War: -...

Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XVII The Iliad (the Basics): - Epic Poem about mythical Trojan War - “written” by Homer - One of the oldest texts still read today (“written” around 700 B.C.E.) - One of the two - Divided into 24 books - Rhapsodes - in media res Preface to the Trojan War: - Peleus (a greek king) and Thetis (minor ocean goddess have a wedding) - Eris (disagreement) not invited - Shows up anyway! Stopped at the door. Gives a gift! - Three Goddesses: Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena, ALL want it and start arguing. - They need a judge to decide... Who do they pick?!?! Preface to the Trojan War: - Some random dude. - A random shephard - Shepherd is nervous and doesn’t want to pick - Goddesses result to bribes! - Wisdom, Power, Love - What does he pick?! WHAT WOULD YOU PICK? Preface to the Trojan War: - The shepherd picks LOVE. - PLOT TWIST - Not just some dude! - He is Paris, a secret Prince of Troy - Prophecy leads him to be shepherd - He makes it back to Troy How Paris became a Shepherd: - Son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba - Bad prophecy - Priam and Hecuba unable to kill their infant child - Priam gives him to his chief herdsman - Herdsman can’t kill Paris, leaves him on mountain - SHE BEAR Meanwhile…. - Peleus and Thetis have a son - They name him Achilles - Baby prophecy p2 - Thetis worried - Protects her son. - Achilles becomes the greatest mortal warrior alive and King Meanwhile… Paris is promised the most beautiful woman in the world. Who is she? Helen of Sparta: - Daughter of Tyndareus, King of Sparta and Queen Leda - Most beautiful woman alive Leda and the Swan: - Leda was admired by Zeus and seduced her as a Swan - On the same night Leda slept with her husband, Tyndareus - She later gave birth to two eggs, out of which 2 sets of twins hatched: - Helen and Clytemnestra - Castor and Pollux - One of each twin is immortal. The Dioscuri: - Twin half brothers. - Castor is the son of Leda and Tyndareus - Pollux is the son of Leda and Zeus - Great warriors and later become gods of horse riders and sailors Helen and Clytemnestra: - Twin half sisters. - Clytemnestra is the daughter of Leda and Tyndareus - Helen is the daughter of Leda and Zeus - Helen becomes the most beautiful woman in the world Helen’s Suitors: - Helen had SOOOO many suitors, basically every prince and king in Greece - Her dad (Tyndareus) didn’t want to choose one out of fear the others would retaliate violently. List of Helen’s Suitors: - Phemius - Agapenor - Ialmenus - Phidippus - Ajax the Great - Idomeneus - Philoctetes - Ajax the Lesser - Leitus - Podalirius - Alcmaeon - Leonteus - Podarces - Amphimachus - Lycomedes - Polypoetes - Ancaeus - Machaon - Polyxenus - Antilochus - Meges - Protesilaus - Blanirus - Menelaus - Prothous - Clytius - Menestheus - Schedius - Diomedes - Meriones - Sthenelus - Elephenor - Nireus - Teucer - Epistrophus - Odysseus - Thalpius - Eumelus - Patroclus - Thoas - Eurypylus - Peneleos - Tlepolemus A Solution! : - One suitor, Odysseus, has a solution: Tyndareus should require all the suitor’s to promise they will defend the marriage of Helen, regardless who he chose. - In exchange, Odysseus gets Tyndareus’ blessing to marry Helen’s cousin, Penelope. - All the suitors agree. Tyndareus’ Choice: - Menelaus, Prince of Mycenae - Tyndareus chose him politically– wealth and power. - Menelaus was suppose to sacrifice 100 cows to Aphrodite if he was chosen but forgot - Becomes King of Sparta shortly after when Tyndareus dies. Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XVIII Meanwhile… - Paris had participated in the Games at Troy and while there, his sister Cassandra, who had the gift of prophecy, knew who he was. - Paris wins the games and is brought to the royal palace where he reconnects with his family and is made prince. The Abduction of Helen: - Paris here’s of Helen’s marriage to Menelaus and realizes this was the woman he was promised. - He sails to Sparta to see Helen - He was accepted as a guest - Before Helen looks up at him she is hit by Eros’ arrow, falling in love instantly. The Abduction of Helen: - In the night, they sneak away to sail back to Troy - Helen leaves her husband, Menelaus, and their daughter, Hermione, behind. What is the problem with this? The Suitor’s Promise: - Menelaus freaks out thinking Helen was abducted - Menelaus and Odysseus go to Troy to try to solve this Peacefully - Troy doesn’t give over Helen - Basically all the kings and princes in Greece made a vow to defend this marriage! - Menelaus goes to Agamemnon - They plan for war and call upon all the former suitors Gathering of Greek Forces: - Remember, Mycenae at this time is one of the strongest cities - Menelaus gets Agamemnon to enforce the oath - Messengers are sent to all the cities/kingdoms to call forces to war - Most suitors agree to gather their forces, some do not. Odysseus’ Deception: - Odysseus though the war was stupid - To avoid going, Odysseus pretends to be crazy - Sowed his fields with salt - One of the other kings, Palamedes, is suspicious of this, knowing Odysseus is smart - Palamedes takes Telemachus and places him in from of Odysseus’ plow - Odysseus is caught and finally agrees to go to war. Recruiting Number 1: - By far the best warrior in Greece was Achilles - Achilles not a Suitor– not obligated to go to war - Greeks wanted him anyway cause he was SO GOOD. - Thetis didn’t want him to go because of the prophecy - Odysseus, Ajax the Greater, and Achilles’ old teacher Phoenix go to convince him to join - Thetis however disguises Achilles as a woman so he wouldn’t have to go. - Odysseus disguises his three as merchants with jewelry and weapons - Achilles looks at the weapons instead of the jewelry so they know it’s him - Odysseus convinces Achilles to join. Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XIX The Greeks gather: - All the forces agree to meet at Aulis - Everyone comes but Achilles takes the longest to get there. At the time they set off he was only 15 Trouble at Aulis: - Calchas: advisor and seer of the Greeks - Agamemnon made Artemis mad - Artemis demands a big sacrifice - HIS DAUGHTER: Iphigenia - Agamemnon says no - Greeks threaten to remove him as leader - Agamemnon says yes and sacrifices his daughter - Clytemnestra devastated. Iphigenia: - Iphigenia killed - Artemis feels bad - Artemis brings her back as one of her maidens. The Greek Numbers: - Greeks now good to go - Book II of Iliad goes into detail of their numbers - Roughly 1200 ships, and 90,000 soldiers Before the fighting, who should we probably learn about??? The Trojans!! Let’s Talk about Troy: - Troy was pretty strong, stronger than Mycenae was in Greece - Had many allies come help when word of the Greeks sailing spread - WALLS built by Poseidon and Apollo - They were led by the great King Priam King Priam: - Old King of Troy - Leader of the Trojan side of the war - Good and reasonable king Queen Hecuba: - Queen of Troy - Smart and pious - Mother to many important children Paris: - Lover boy - Started the war - Kind of weak– not good at fighting - Decent with a bow - Son of Priam and Hecuba Cassandra: - Princess of Troy - Daughter of Priam and Hecuba - Priestess of Apollo - Apollo was in love with her - Gift of prophecy - Cursed HECTOR: - Eldest son of Priam and Hecuba - The GREATEST warrior of Troy - Priam led from the palace, Hector led from the battlefield - Incredibly strong and incredibly gracious - The people LOVED him Andromache: - Wife of Hector and mother to their Son Astyanax - Her name literally means “man’s battle” - Was always pissed at Hector for fighting in the war because she didn’t want Astyanax to grow up fatherless. Troilus: - Son of Priam and Hecuba - Prophecy - Beautiful - One of the Trojan leaders despite being young - Debated father though Priam raises him - Important later Aeneas: - Leader of the Dardanians - Son of Anchises and Aphrodite - Hector’s right hand men. - The Aenead Sarpedon: - Leader of the Lycians - Son of Zeus and Europa - Great general and would often put Hector in his place Story of Zeus and Europa: - Europa was a Phoencian princess beloved by Zeus - Zeus turned into a bull to seduce her. - Carried her from Tyre to Crete - Transformed back into a human Story of Zeus and Europa: - When Zeus showed his identity he gave her three gifts - Automaton: Talos, the dog Laelaps, and a Javelin that never missed. - They had three kids: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon - First two became judges of the underworld after death. - Sarpedon left Crete and became a great ruler of Lycia, and Trojan War hero THE GREEKS ARRIVE: - Greeks arrive but are worried to leave the ships - Calchas (greek seer) had prophecy about the arrival - Odysseus tricks everyone - Protesilaus, a smaller king, steps off and manages to kill many Trojan soldiers before he is slain by Hector. - One greek king dead but the Greeks took the beaches! Years 1-9: - The Greeks maintained a presence, controlling the Bosphorus Strait - Never were able to get in to Troy itself - Troy maintained connections inland - Really only Ajax and Achilles were doing some damage - By year ten Agamemnon had regathered the total of Greek troops back outside Troy and the Iliad itself Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XX The Book! The Opening: - End of the 9th year/beginning of 10th - Greeks are all back together after fighting independently - Agamemnon took a daughter of a priest of Apollo: Chryseis - Chryseis’ father came to Agamemnon and begged for her back - Agamemnon said na - The father (a priest) prayed to Apollo for help - Apollo places a plague on the greek camps Chryseis returned to her father (1771) by Benjamin West The Opening: - The plague of Apollo tears through the Greek camp - Achilles is fed up and calls a meeting of all the leaders to fix the plague - Agamemnon gives in and gives back Chryseis to her father to stop the plague - BUT, only if he gets a replacement - Achilles had taken a girl during the fighting, Briseis - Agamemnon decides that he will give up Chryseis, but to replace her, he will take Briseis– who “belongs” to Achilles  Rage: - Taking a woman as a prize in war was a big deal - Agamemnon taking Briseis from Achilles ENRAGED Achilles - He stormed over to Agamemnon and started yelling at him in front of everyone - Agamemnon shut him down (he was the leader, not Achilles) - Achilles then decides he is not going to fight due to this insult - Achilles asks his mother to ask Zeus that the Trojans fight well while Achilles isn’t fighting. The Anger of Achilles (1819) by Jacques-Louis David Backfire: - Agamemnon says he doesn’t care but he does - Zeus sends a dream to Agamemnon, forcing him to attack the Trojans - Agamemnon listens, but first he wants to test the morale of the troops - He asks the troops if they want to go home, expecting them to scream “No!” and want to fight - This backfires and all the troops wanted to return home - Odysseus saves the day with a great speech, lifting the Greek army’s spirits FIGHT: - Priam gets word that the Greeks are going to attack - Trojan Army goes out in the field in front of the city walls, ready to fight - The Greeks approach and the two armies are facing each other. - Before they all begin fighting, after being urged by Hector, Paris screams out: - “Menelaus! This war is between you and me! Let us fight to the death and whomever wins, wins the war, and wins Helen as their bride!” - Menelaus accepts and the two walk forward to fight 1v1! Ruining the Fun: - It is a good fight but Menelaus clearly has the upperhand. - Menelaus is not an exceptional warrior, but Paris is smaller and less skilled with a sword - Menelaus has won and he’s about to deliver the killing blow, ending the war - SURPRISE - Right before he can deliver the killing blow, Aphrodite swoops in, picks up Paris, and carries him off the battlefield, placing him in bed with Helen. Menelaus and Paris (1757) by Tischbein the Elder Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XXI The Gods Debate: - Since Aphrodite had saved Paris most of the Greeks and Trojans were confused as to what the result would be. - The God’s were also confused and decided to deliberate - Zeus was neutral and somewhat wanted the war to end. He liked warriors on both sides (and had sons on both sides). - Athena and Hera were SUPER pro Greece and Hera manages to convince Zeus that the war must continue until Troy is destroyed. - Zeus is pissed but wants to make Hera happy The Sides: Greeks Trojans Neutral Uncommitted -Athena -Apollo -Zeus -Hades -Hera -Aphrodite -Hermes -Poseidon -Ares -Demeter The Confusion is Broken: - Zeus sends Athena down to start the fighting - Athena goes to Pandarus, a great warrior and the Trojan’s best archer - Athena encourages him to take aim and shoot - Pandarus listens and shoots an arrow at Menelaus who was still standing in the middle - Immediately the truce is broken, Menelaus is badly wounded, and the two sides erupt in all out war!  This Battle is about one warrior and one warrior alone DIOMEDE S Diomedes: - Diomedes was one of the original suitors - Was a great warrior but not necessarily the best - Didn’t matter, man decided to POP OFF - Hops off his chariot after Pandarus shoots Menelaus and rushes into the Trojans Divine Help: - Continues ripping through Trojans, absolute FORCE OF NATURE - Pandarus sees Diomedes absolutely dominating Trojan soldiers - Aims his bow and shoots him in the shoulder. - Diomedes rips out the arrow and prays to Athena - Athena gives him strength Absolute Domination: - Athena gives Diomedes strength AND the ability to see other Gods on the battlefield - She warns to stay away from all of them but Aphrodite. - Diomedes goes continues his rampage - Described as “a lion attacking a flock of sheep”. Death of Pandarus: - Aeneas is started to get worried and finds Pandarus - Pandarus is like “I already shot the dude and he didn’t even flinch!” - Aeneas and Pandarus chariot towards Diomedes sees them - Diomedes throws a spear directly at Pandarus and it hits him directly in the face, killing Pandarus.  Diomedes vs. Aeneas: - Aeneas immediately jumps out to protect Pandarus’ corpse - Diomedes doesn’t care about honor - PULLS CRAZY MOVE: BOULDER - Aeneas knocked out but not dead - Diomedes goes in to finish the kill. - Someone interrupts Diomedes Wounds a Goddess: - Aphrodite appears to protect Aeneas and carry him off - Diomedes is able to see her thanks to Athena - Diomedes gouges her wrist - Aphrodite shrieks and is taken back to Olympus by Iris (Goddess of the Rainbow). - Meanwhile Apollo protects Aeneas - Apollo and Diomedes fight Aeneas saved, Enter Ares: - Diomedes tries to fight Apollo but Apollo pushes him back each time - “We are not the same breed” - Diomedes gives up on killing Aeneas and moves on to other fighting. - Apollo carries Aeneas to Leto and Artemis - Aeneas healed - Apollo calls out for Ares and asks him to handle Diomedes. ARES: - Diomedes is no match for Ares - Ares, and the other Trojans, take the lead and push the Greeks back near to their ships. - Athena and Hera go to Zeus complaining that Zeus is letting the Trojans win. He lets them go down to fight. Athena vs. Ares: - Athena goes down to Diomedes and begins fighting directly beside him - Athena and Ares fight. - Diomedes wounds him with his spear - Ares retreats, leaving the fight. - The Greeks push the Trojans back Hector Rallies: - Hector is getting worried. - Returns into the city mid-battle - Tells everyone to pray to the gods - Grabs Paris from his bedroom and makes him fight - Comes back to the battle and increases the Trojans spirits - The Trojans hold their ground. Hector vs. Ajax: - Hector returns to battle with reinforcements and Paris - Ajax sees him on the battlefield and wishes to duel the best Trojan - Hector accepts - The two fight for HOURS, very evenly matched. - The battle ends with nightfall. Temporary Truce: - The Battle ends at nightfall - Greeks and Trojans agree to a 1 day truce to bury the dead. - The Trojans argue about whether they should return Helen - Paris refuses, saying he will give as much gold as they want but not Helen - Greeks set up a trench and wall Mythology Homer’s Iliad Day XXII Next Morning: - Zeus PREVENTS any God’s from interfering - Greeks and Trojans begin to fight - Trojans prevail and push Greeks all the way back to their camp walls - Hera and Athena can’t help - Battle ends at nightfall - Trojans camp in the field outside the Greek walls to attack at first light Greeks are desperate: - Agamemnon swallows his pride and admits he was wrong - Sends Odysseus, Ajax, and Phoenix to Achilles’ tent with Briseis to return her - Achilles and his companion, Patroclus, welcome them - Achilles turns down the apology - He will only fight once the Trojans attack HIS ships. - The apology group returns empty handed. The Trojan Spy: - Hector wants to spy on the greek camp and learn who is in what tent and how their boats work - He calls over Dolon, a Trojan nobleman who volunteered to be the spy - Dolon agrees to sneak into Greek camp only if he gets Achilles’ chariots and horses after the war. - Hector smirks and agrees. - Dolon departs wear a Wolf skin as a disguise. Spies Collide: - Meanwhile, Odysseus and Diomedes and decided to try to sneak into the Trojan camp to cause damage. - On their way, they see Dolon, who doesn’t see them. - They capture Dolon and question him. - He begs for his life– Odysseus promises no harm if he tells them everything he knows - Dolon obeys, tells Odysseus and Diomedes tent locations and why he was spying - Diomedes decapitates Dolon right after (tough) Spies Invade: - Odysseus and Diomedes sneak into the Trojan camp - Kill a Trojan ally, King Rhesus in his sleep - Went to his horses - Diomedes absolutely slaughters the 20 men watching the horses - Odysseus and Diomedes steal all his horses - Some of the Trojans wake up and chase away Diomedes and Odysseus - Odysseus and Diomedes return safely to the Greek Camp Nestor’s Plea: - The next morning the fighting is intense and the Greeks are struggling - Odysseus, Agamemnon, and Diomedes all get wounded - Achilles hears word of the Greek casualties - Sends Patroclus out to find out what’s going on - While out, Patroclus hears a speech by Nestor - Nestor is an old wise king who came to fight even though he didn’t have to - Nestor begs Patroclus to convince Achilles to help, or if he will not, lead the army wearing Achilles’ armor. Patroclus’ Response: - Patroclus is moved by Nestor’s plea and request - He tells Nestor, he may not be able to get Achilles or the armor - Patroclus is unsure if he should try to help - He doesn’t want to go against Achilles The Battle Continues: - Hector leads a charge against the Greek walls around their camp - It is a bloody charge but the Trojans make it into the Greek camp and push the greeks back to their ships - Hera and Poseidon are getting angry that they can’t help the Greeks - Poseidon feels so bad for them that he disobeys Zeus’ order and helps the Greeks anyway - He increases the Greeks spirits and they manage to push the Trojans back a bit - A Trojan seer urges Hector to pull back, he doesn’t Hera Seduces Zeus: - Before Zeus can respond to Poseidon disobeying him - Hera seduces him, sleeping with him, lulling him into a deep sleep - While Zeus is asleep, Poseidon is free to continue helping the Trojans. - The Greeks push the Trojans back to the plain in front of the camp - Ajax wounds Hector and Hector has to return to the city to heal. Zeus wakes up, Trojans to ships: - Zeus wakes up and is pissed at Poseidon - Recalls Poseidon from the battle - Sends Apollo to help the Trojans so things are even - Trojans, with Apollo’s help, push again and for the first time make it to the greek ships! Patroclus Fed Up: - Patroclus is really upset that the Greeks are losing so bad - Finally goes to Achilles - Chews him out for being stubborn - Asks to be allowed to wear his armor into battle - Achilles allows it, but makes Patroclus promise not to chase after the Trojans - Achilles says once all is settled he and Patroclus will take the city together Patroclus Leads the Charge: - Patroclus goes into battle with Achilles’ troops wearing his armor right as the Trojans set fire to the first ship - The Trojans are terrified - Patroclus leads a charge pushing the Trojans back - KILLS SARPEDON - Patroclus ignores Achilles and keeps pushing the Trojans back all the way to the city walls. The Fall of Patroclus: - At the city walls Patroclus kills Cebriones, one of Hector’s brothers and Priam’s sons - Patroclus cannot see Apollo and continues to pursue the Trojans, trying to get into the city - Apollo appears behind Patroclus and hits him in the back of the head - Patroclus falls to the ground, helmet now off, stunned. - Apollo spurs on Euphorbus (Troy’s best spearman) and Euphorbus impales Patroclus - Patroclus, critically injured, tries to retreat The Death of Patroclus: - Hector see’s Patroclus retreating and decides to chase after him. - Hector catches up to Patroclus, turns him around, and drives his spear deep into Patroclus’ stomach. - Patroclus falls to the ground with a thud, not quite dead but dying. Hector to Patroclus: “I think you boasted you’d sack our city, Patroclus, take our women captive, sail with them to your native land. How foolish! Hector and his swift horses are here to fight for them, Hector the finest spearman among the warlike Trojans, I who shield them from the day of doom, while as for you, the vultures shall have you. Even Achilles, with all his valour, could not save you, wretched man, though I don’t doubt he told you as you left, for he chose to stay: “Patroclus, master horseman, don’t return to the hollow ships till you’ve pierced the tunic at man-killing Hector’s chest and drenched it in his blood.” No doubt that’s what he said, and you in your madness though it would be so.’ “ Patroclus’ Dying Response: ‘Boast, while you can, Hector, for Zeus and Apollo it was who gave you victory. They conquered me: they stripped the armour from my shoulders. If twenty men like you had faced me alone, all would have died at the point of my spear. But Fate the destroyer and Apollo, Leto’s son, have conquered: only then came Euphorbus the mortal, while you are but the third to claim my life. This I tell you: and go brood upon it. You indeed have only a little while to live, even now death approaches and your fixed destiny, to fall at the hands of Achilles” Hector’s Response to the Dead Patroclus: ‘Patroclus, what makes you so sure of my swift destruction? Who knows but Achilles, son of fair-haired Thetis, may be struck by my spear first, and lose his life?’ Aftermath: - Hector immediately takes the armor off of Patroclus’ body - The Trojans and Greeks begin to fight over Patroclus’ body - A messenger is sent to Achilles for help - When Achilles finds out of Patroclus’ death he screams so loud that Thetis hears him - Achilles goes to the Greek wall, without armor, scaring back the Trojans so the greeks get the body. Aftermath: - The following night Achilles mourns Patroclus’ death, not sleeping - Pledges to get revenge for Patroclus - Thetis is also mourning - Meanwhile Thetis goes to Hephaestus’ forge to get new armor for Achilles - The Trojans, meanwhile, camp in the field to attack the Greeks in the morning The Morning: - Thetis goes the next morning to give Achilles his armor - He is still crying over Patroclus’ body - The Greeks go to breakfast - Achilles doesn’t eat - Agamemnon delivers Achilles all promised gifts, including Briseis - Achilles is indifferent The Battle: - Zeus decides to lift the ban of the God’s so all are free to help or hurt either side - Achilles, burning with rage and grief, immediately pushes back the Trojans to the Scamander River - Starts fighting in the river itself Achilles vs. Scamander: - Achilles kills HALF of the Trojan army in the River Scamander - The bodies of Trojans are so great that the clog up the river - Scamander, the god, tells Achilles to stop - Achilles refuses - The two begin to fight - The fighting goes on until Hephaestus throws fireballs onto Scamander so Achilles can continue Retreat: - At this point the Trojans are not trying to fight - The city gates open to let in retreating troops - Apollo leads Achilles away from the gates, disguised as a Trojan general. - When Apollo reveals himself to Achilles, almost all of the Trojans had retreated into the city walls. The chase: - All retreat, all except Hector. - Priam and Hecuba, watching on the walls, beg Hector to come inside - Hector wants to face Achilles, not retreat. - When Achilles comes to face him, Hector’s willpower fails him - He immediately flees. - Achilles starts chasing him around the city. The fight: - Athena forces Hector to turn and fight - After a short duel, it is over - Achilles spears Hector in the neck - Before he dies, Hector reminds Achilles that he too is fated to die - Priam, Hecuba, and Andromache all watched from the wall - Achilles takes back his armor and boasts - He then performs the ultimate act of disrespect. Disrespecting the Corpse: - Achilles takes Hector’s body and attaches it to the back of his chariot - He then drags Hector’s body around the City walls - Hector’s family is watching it all - Hector’s body is defaced right in front of his family. Afterwords: - Achilles takes the body of Hector back to the Greek camp and presents it to the body of Patroclus - Achilles feels proud for getting revenge but is still overwhelming sad. - Achilles continues to grieve until he has a visitor. Patroclus’ visit: - Patroclus visits Achilles as a ghost in his dreams - Achilles tries to grasp Patroclus but fails - Patroclus tells Achilles he needs to be buried so he can go along to the underworld - He asks that Achilles make sure their remains are put together in a single urn - Achilles cremates Patroclus and puts his ashes in an urn - Funeral games take place. The Following weeks - Achilles takes out his grief by continuing to drag Hector’s now decomposing body around the city of Troy while Trojans watch. - Zeus is upset by the continued abuse of Hector’s body and decides his body should be returned to Priam. - Zeus sends down Hermes to solve this. Priam’s Visit - With Hermes’ help, Priam sneaks into the Greek camp himself and begs Achilles for his sons body back. - Achilles is moved to tears and the two cry together over the losses they both experienced in the war. - Achilles returns Hector’s body and gives the Trojans 12 days to properly mourn and bury him.