Music Theory PDF

# Music ## Elements of Music 1. **Melody** *(اللحن)* - It's considered a fundamental part of a piece of music. *يعتبر قطعة أو جزء أساسي من قطعة الموسيقى.* 2. **Rhythm** *(الإيقاع)* - The organization of notes in time. - **Concepts**: - **Tempo** *(fast or slow)* - **T...

# Music ## Elements of Music 1. **Melody** *(اللحن)* - It's considered a fundamental part of a piece of music. *يعتبر قطعة أو جزء أساسي من قطعة الموسيقى.* 2. **Rhythm** *(الإيقاع)* - The organization of notes in time. - **Concepts**: - **Tempo** *(fast or slow)* - **Timing** 3. **Dynamics** *(الديناميات)* - Represents the volume of sound. - **Types**: - **Soft** *(piano)* - **Loud** *(forte)* ## Musical Notes - **Whole Note** *(عادة أربع نبضات)*: Typically lasts for (4) beats. - **Half Note**: Typically lasts for (2) beats. - **Quarter Note**: Typically lasts for (1) beat. - **Eighth Note**: Typically lasts for (half) a beat. - **Sixteenth Note**: Typically lasts for a (quarter) of a beat. ## Music Rests - | Rest symbol | Duration | |---|---| | | 4 | | | 2 | | | 1 | | | 1/2 | | | 1/4 | - There are (2 Eighth) notes - There are (4 sixteenth) notes. - There are (2 sixteenth) notes joined to an (Eighth) note. - There are (1 Eighth) note joined to (2 sixteenth) notes. - There are (1 Sixteenth) note joined to an (Eighth) note joined to another (sixteenth note). ## Tie notes *(الطبقة مستمرة)* - A tie connects 2 notes of the same pitch, allowing them to be played as one sustained note. - - ## Dotted notes - A dotted note has a dot placed to the right of it, which increases the duration of the note by half of its' original value. - - ## Bar lines - A single bar line (|) divides the measures in a piece of music. - A double bar line (||) indicates the (end) of a section or the piece. ## Time Signatures - Indicates how many beats are in each measure. *يشير لعدد النبضات في كل مازورة* - And what note value constitutes one beat. *وما هي قيمة النوثة التي تمثل نبضة واحدة* - **Top Number**: The number of the beats. - **Bottom Number**: The type of note that represents one beat. ## Musical Meters 1. **Duple Meter**: Contains 2 beats in each measure. 2. **Triple Meter**: Contains 3 beats in each measure. 3. **Quadruple Meter**: Contains 4 beats in each measure. - **In The Duple meter**: - **Strong** - **Weak** - **In The Triple meter**: - **Strong** - **Strong** - **Weak** - **In The Quadruple mater**: - **Strong** - **Weak** - **Strong** - **Weak** ## Tones *(النغمات)* - The basic tones consist of the 7 notes in western music: *(do/re/mi/fa/sol/la/si)* ## Staff *(الخط )* - Is the fundamental framework of music notation where symbols are placed. *(الإطار الأساسي للرموز لبدوين الموسيقى)* - It consists of 5 lines and 4 spaces between them. ## Clefs - **Treble Key**: for middle tone. - **Bass Key**: for the lowest notes ## Accidentals 1. **Sharp #**: *(Raises)* The pitch of a musical note by (half step). 2. **Flat b**: *(Lowers)* The pitch of a musical note by a (half step). 3. **Natural #:**: *(Restores)* a note to its natural pitch. ## Dynamic Speed - It's the rate of speed. - We used Italian terms to describe musical tempo, some of the most common are: - **Allegro**: This term indicates a fast tempo. *(Fast)* - **Moderato**: This is slower than Allegro but faster than Andante, suitable for children's songs. *(Meclium)* - **Andante**: This term indicates to slow temp, suitable with the (أغاني دينية) religion songs. *(Slow)* ## Dynamic levels - The loudness or softness of music is referred to as dynamic levels. - Some common dynamic levels: - **Piano (P)**: Soft. - **Forte (F)**: Loud. - **Crescendo (<)**: A gradual increase in volume. - **Diminuendo (>)**: A gradual decrease in volume. ## Articulation *(العلامات المفصلية)* - Refers to how musical notes are played or sung, affecting their duration and connection. - **Staccato**: Indicates that notes should be played short and detached *(منفصلة)* - **Legato**: Indicates that notes should be played smoothly and connected. - **Accent**: Indicates that a note should be played a little louder or be emphasized *(التأكيد عليها)* ## Repeat signs 1. **One Note Repeat Sign**: 2. **One Bar Repeat Sign**: