MT303A LEC - Week 3 Leukocytes PDF

MT303A LEC WEEK 3: LEUKOCYTES - THE GRANULOCYTIC AND AGRANULOCYTIC SERIES (TRANSCRIPT) BSMLS  Nucleus...

MT303A LEC WEEK 3: LEUKOCYTES - THE GRANULOCYTIC AND AGRANULOCYTIC SERIES (TRANSCRIPT) BSMLS  Nucleus o Oval or round o N/C Ratio - 1:1 o Chromatin pattern becomes coarser and more condensed o Generally show no nucleoli o Nucleus may be centrally located METAMYELOCYTE  10-15 μm  Cytoplasm o Moderate to abundant amount giving a decrease N/C ratio o Few nonspecific granules o Full complement of specific granules  Nucleus o Indented or kidney-shaped o Coarse chromatin pattern and stains dark purple BAND/ STAB  9-15 μm  Elongated or band shaped, deeply indented compared to metamyelocyte  Coarse and clumped chromatin pattern NEUTROPHILS/ POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELL  9-15 μm  Cytoplasm o Full complement of pink to rose-violet specific granules o Abundant amount o Few nonspecific granules are present  Nucleus o Normally 2-5 lobes connected by thin nuclear filaments o Specific granules o Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, plasminogen activator, aminopeptidase GRANULOCYTIC SERIES MYELOBLASTS  Earliest morphologically identifiable granulocytic precursor  15-20 μm  Cytoplasm o Small amount in relation to the rest of the cell o Usually a moderate blue in color o Texture - Smooth and usually non-granular  Nucleus o Round or slightly oval o Occupies about 4/5 of the cell o N/C Ratio - 4:1 o Extremely fine chromatin pattern o Reddish purple o 2-5 nucleoli PROMYELOCYTE  15-21 μm (Normally slightly larger than its precursor)  Cytoplasm o Pale blue to basophilic o Contains a few to many, large blue to reddish purple staining primary azurophilic/nonspecific granules  Nucleus o Occupies half or more of the cell EOSINOPHIL o N/C Ratio - 3:1-2:1  9-15 μm o Oval or round  Cytoplasm - Contains the o Chromatin pattern may become a little coarser full complement of large, o 2 or 3 nucleoli present reddish-orange granules MYELOCYTE  Nucleus - Normally 2 lobes  12-18 μm  Specific Granules o Larger Granules - Acid  Cytoplasm hydrolase, Peroxidase, o Moderate amount Phospholipase, o May contain a few Cathepsin, Eosinophol patches of blue Cationic Protein, Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, Eosinophil o Few to moderate Protein X; Smaller granules: Arylsulfatase, Peroxidase, Acid nonspecific granules Phosphatase o Small, specific granules begin to appear BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE SXIA  MT303A LEC WEEK 3: LEUKOCYTES - THE GRANULOCYTIC AND AGRANULOCYTIC SERIES (TRANSCRIPT) BSMLS o Nucleus  Oval, may have single fold or fissure  N/C Ratio - 3:1 to 2:1  1-5 nucleoli  Fine chromatin pattern  Monocyte o 15-20 µm o Cytoplasm  Abundant, blue-gray  Outline may be irregular because of the presence of pseudopods  Many fine azurophilic granules, giving a ground glass appearance  Vacuoles may sometime be present o Nucleus  Round, kidney shaped, or may shows slight lobulation. It may be folded over on top of itself, thus showing brain- like convulsions  No nucleoli are visible  Chromatin - Fine and lacey (not clumped), arranged in skein-like strands  Horse-shoe shaped nucleus folded with brain-like convulsions  Macrophages BASOPHIL o 40-50 µm  10-16 μm o They usually have an oval  Cytoplasm nucleus with at least one o Stains slightly pink to rather prominent colorless nucleolus and netlike o Contains specific dark purple (reticulated) chromatin to blue-black granules pattern o Granules - Water-soluble and o Their cytoplasm is pale, tend to wash out when stained frequently vacuolated, (possibly caused by improper and often filled with debris of phagocytized cells or organisms fixation)  Nucleus o Does not appear as coarse as that of neutrophils and eosinophils o Generally segmented or bilobed, rarely 3 or 4 lobes  Specific Granules - Histamine, Heparin, Peroxidase, Eosinophilic Chemotactic Factor A AGRANULOCYTIC SERIES MONOPOIESIS  Monoblast o 12-20 um o Cytoplasm  Moderately basophilic to blue-gray  Non-granular o Nucleus  Ovoid or round in shape  N/C Ratio - 4:1 to 3:1  Light blue-purple in color  Fine, lacey chromatin  1-2 nucleoli LYMPHOPOIESIS  Promonocyte  Lymphoblast o 14-18 um o 10-18 um o Cytoplasm o Cytoplasm  Blue-gray  No granules present  May contain fine dust-like  Appears smooth  Azurophilic granules  Moderate to dark blue BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE SXIA  MT303A LEC WEEK 3: LEUKOCYTES - THE GRANULOCYTIC AND AGRANULOCYTIC SERIES (TRANSCRIPT) BSMLS  May stain deep blue at the periphery and lighter blue near the nucleus  More abundant that in myeloblast o Nucleus  Round or oval in shape  N/C Ratio - 4:1  Chromatin pattern is somewhat coarse  Generally contains 1 to 2 nucleoli  Prolymphocytes o May be the same size as the precursor o Cytoplasm  Moderate to dark blue  Usually non- granular, but may contain occasional azurophilic granules  More abundant than in the lymphoblast o Nucleus  Round, oval or slightly indented  Chromatin Pattern - More clumped than in the lymphoblast  May contain 1 – 2 nucleoli  Small Lymphocyte o Cytoplasm  Usually forms a thin rim around the nucleus  Moderate to dark blue o Nucleus  Round or oval in shape and may be slightly indented  Chromatin Pattern - Dense and clumped  No nucleoli visible  Medium Lymphocyte o Cytoplasm  More abundant than in small lymphocyte  Pale to moderately blue  May or may not contain a few nonspecific azurophilic granules o Nucleus  Round or oval in shape and may be slightly indented  Chromatin pattern is dense and clumped  No nucleoli visible  Large Lymphocyte o Cytoplasm  Abundant  Clear, very pale blue  May or may not contain a few nonspecific azurophilic granules  Robin’s Egg Blue Cytoplasm o Nucleus  Round or oval in shape and may be slightly indented  Chromatin pattern is coarse  No nucleoli visible  May be eccentrically located  B Lymphocytes o 10-20 % lymphocytes o Derived from the BM o Differentiates into plasma cells that secretes immunoglobulins o Humoral Immunity  T Lymphocytes o 60-80% lymphocytes o Mature in the thymus (near the heart, in the chest cavity) o Interact with antigens to form specific effector cells which act in delayed hypersensitivity reactions, suppression of tumors, graft rejection and o Cellular Immunity  Natural Killer Cells/ Null Lymphocytes o Less than 10% lymphocytes o Destruction of tumor and virus infected cells without antigen specificity or prior sensitization o NK cells morphologically resemble large granular lymphocytes (LGL) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE SXIA