Year 9 Physical Education Practice Task PDF

Year 9 PHYSICAL EDUCATION ELECTIVE Structured Questions Practice Task STUDENT NAME: ____________________________________________________________ Reading Time: 10 minutes...

Year 9 PHYSICAL EDUCATION ELECTIVE Structured Questions Practice Task STUDENT NAME: ____________________________________________________________ Reading Time: 10 minutes Writing Time: 50 minutes Question and Answer Book- Structure of Book Section Question Structure Number of questions to be Number of Marks answered A Multiple Choice 10 10 B Short Answer 4 30 C Label 1 10 Total 50 Key Knowledge Fitness Components – definitions, physical activity and sporting requirements and examples. The structure and function of the skeletal system including bones of the human body. Sections of the spinal column from superior and inferior – cervical, thoracic, lumbar (including no. of vertebrae in each), sacrum and coccyx. Functions of each section. Classification (Types) of Bones – short, long, flat and irregular. How they are classified and examples of each. Classification of Joints – fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Degree of movement allowed and examples for each. Characteristics of Synovial Joints - freely moveable, cartilage, ligaments, joint capsule and synovial fluid. Characteristics of Connective Tissue – cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Functions of Muscle. Major skeletal muscles. Types of Muscle – Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal (including example(s). Characteristics and functions of Muscle Fibre Types - Slow twitch fibres and Fast twitch fibres. Types of muscular contraction – Concentric, Eccentric and Isometric contractions. The concept of Reciprocal Inhibition (the role of Agonists and Antagonists). Neural Control of Muscles, including the recruitment (size of motor unit) principle and activation (all or nothing) principle of motor unit in relation to force production. Fine and gross motor skills. Sporting examples include performing a long jump, hitting a tennis serve as hard as possible or kicking a football for distance. Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks) Read the following questions carefully and circle on the Multiple Choice response sheet that is correct or that best answers the question. Marks will not be deducted for an incorrect answer No marks will be given if more than one answer is chosen for any question. Question 1 When comparing muscular power and muscular strength: A. Power produces force for longer than strength B. Power produces higher maximal force than strength C. Power produces the same amount of force as strength D. Power produces force at a faster rate than strength Question 2 Ligaments are connective tissue that perform important roles as they connect: A. Muscles to bones B. Bones to bones C. Muscles to muscles D. Bones to cartilage Question 3 When compared to fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints: A. Allow a greater range of motion B. Allow less range of motion C. Allow the same range of motion D. Allow no movement Question 4 Bones are classified according to their: A. Size B. Shape C. Weight D. Colour Question 5 The bone that predominantly protects the heart is the: A. Patella B. Cranium C. Sternum D. Clavicle Question 6 The humerus, radius and ulna connect at the elbow to form a: A. Cartilaginous joint B. Fibrous joint C. Synovial joint D. Ball and socket joint Question 7 A major function of the skeletal system is to: A. Produce heat, assisting the body to thermoregulate B. Produce energy C. Produce blood cells D. Produce movement Question 8 A sporting example of a fine motor skill is: A. Kicking a football B. Performing a long jump C. Throwing a dart D. Threading a needle Question 9 The following bones all form part of the axial skeleton: A. Mandible, patella, phalanges B. Cranium, sternum, ribs C. Ribs, tarsals, pelvis D. Humerus, ulna, tibia Question 10 The fundamental difference between a fine and a gross motor skill is: A. The length of time it takes to perform the skill B. The size and number of motor units stimulated C. The types of bones used D. The success of the performance End of Section A  Section B: Short Answer Questions Answer all questions in the space provided. Marks for each question are indicated. Question 1 (5 marks) Use the image below to answer this question. Source: Oleksandr Malysh/Shutterstock.com a. Identify the type of bone labelled A and B. Outline a major function of this bone type? 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Classify the type of joint in the image. Outline 2 characteristics of this type of joint. 3 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________  Question 2 (9 marks) Consider a hockey centre midfielder. During a game they will be required to produce muscular contractions which exert force on tendons which in turn move bones to perform a wide variety of skills. Two such skills include a short pass to a teammate, requiring the controlled muscular contraction and small amounts of force to deliver the precision needed to complete the pass. The second skill, a shot for goal, requires larger amounts of force to get the ball past the goalkeeper and into the net. a. Outline the meaning of the ‘all or nothing principle’. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Describe how motor unit recruitment size and number differ to complete the two skills described above. 3 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ c. Using a sporting example, outline what occurs during an isometric contraction. 2 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ c. List and define the major fitness component required to forcefully kick the ball past the goalkeeper and into the net. 2 marks ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Question 3 (7 marks) Kara has recently started a new training program in the gym. Part of her program involves the exercise pictured below. a. List the major muscle groups involved in performing the curl in moving from position ‘A’ to ‘B’. Use the following terms to describe how these muscles work together to create movement: reciprocal inhibition agonist antagonist 4 marks _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ b. In returning from ‘B’ to ‘A’, what joint action is occurring at the elbow? ________________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark c. In returning from ‘B’ to ‘A’, which muscle is the agonist and what type of contraction is occurring? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Question 4 (9 marks)  a. Complete the following table that relates to muscle tissue types found in the human body. Muscle Tissue Type Example i) Heart Smooth ii) iii) Bicep 3 marks b. Muscles are made up of a mixture of slow and fast twitch fibres. Complete the table below by inserting the words ‘high’ or ‘low’ to describe the fibre characteristics. Characteristic Fibre Type High or Low Ability to Resist Fatigue Fast Twitch Fibre Size Fast Twitch Force production Fast Twitch 3 marks c. The leg muscles of a world class 100m sprinter would typically contain a high proportion of fast twitch fibres. Use the information in the table above relating to Fast Twitch fibres to explain the advantage of this high proportion to the 100m sprinter. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3 marks Section C – Anatomical Labelling (10 marks) The following diagrams show views of the major bones of the skeletal and major muscle groups of the muscular system. Label the names of the bones and muscles: Bone Number: Muscle number: 1. 3. 9. 9. 14. 12. 15. 13. 17. 14. 10 marks NAME: _________________________________________________________ Multiple Choice Answer Sheet 1. A B C D 2. A B C D 3. A B C D 4. A B C D 5. A B C D 6. A B C D 7. A B C D 8. A B C D 9. A B C D 10. A B C D