Motor Systems Key Clinical Concepts PDF

Motor Systems Key Clinical Concepts Chapter 6 Corticobulbar Tract UMN/LMN corticobulbar tract fibers supply the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves upper motor neurons (UMN) neurons whose axon descend from the cerebral cortex to brainstem lower motor neurons (LMN)...

Motor Systems Key Clinical Concepts Chapter 6 Corticobulbar Tract UMN/LMN corticobulbar tract fibers supply the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves upper motor neurons (UMN) neurons whose axon descend from the cerebral cortex to brainstem lower motor neurons (LMN) motor neurons whose axons typically begin in brainstem and project down to muscle units of a given muscle Lesions to Corticobulbar Tract lesions to the tract will give rise to UMN lesion signs and LMN lesion signs UMN lesion signs will differ from LMN lesion signs Atrophy of the Tongue Dysarthrias motor speech disorders that result in impairments in a number of different systems due to CNS damage or PNS (cranial nerve) damage affected systems respiratory phonatory (voice) resonatory articulatory (speech) prosodic Spastic Dysarthria dysarthria type that is due to damage to UMN system prominent speech characteristics low pitch slow rate strained-strangled quality Flaccid Dysarthria dysarthria type that is due to damage to the LMN or to the motor unit prominent speech characteristics hypernasality continuous breathiness nasal emission audible inspiration short phrases Motor Weakness Terms (Table 6-3, p. 242) Terms Denoting Terms Denoting Severity Location paresis hemi- weakness (partial paralysis) one side of body -plegia para- no movement both legs paralysis quadri- no movement all four limbs Motor Weakness Terms (Table 6.5) hemiplegia no movements on one side hemiparesis weakness in movements on one side paraplegia no movements in both legs quadriplegia no movements in all four limbs