Morphology Chapter 6 PDF

Morphology Chapter 6  What is morphology? The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed. the branch of knowledge concerning (word) forms.  Morphemes Is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. Examples:...

Morphology Chapter 6  What is morphology? The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed. the branch of knowledge concerning (word) forms.  Morphemes Is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. Examples: -s -ed -ing Walks, walked, walking (all derived from walk)  Types of morphemes Free Bound morpheme morpheme Can stand alone as a single word & cannot Cannot stand alone; it be divided into smaller needs to be attached units. & it carries to a word meaning… -er, -s, -ing, -ed Cat, door Affixes (i.e. prefixes & suffixes)  Affixes & stem Reaction re act -ion prefix stem/root suffix bound free bound Carelessness, treatment , swimming, unhappy , irregular, delouse Types of free morphemes Lexical Functional morphemes morphemes (content words) (function words) Closed set (i.e. we Open set (i.e. we can cannot add more. add more) They are limited) Nouns: house Prepositions: in, on verbs: play Pronouns: they, it Adjectives: gorgeous Articles: the, an Adverbs: quickly  Types of bound morphemes Can change the meaning Derivational Change the grammatical Bound category… morphemes Indicate the Inflectional grammatical function of a word  Derivational (-ment, -ful, -ism) & inflectional (‘s, s, -ed) morphemes Derivational: affixes added to the free morphemes (i.e. words) to form new words or change the grammatical category of the word. 1) Such affixes can change the meaning of the stem once the morpheme is added: Happy/unhappy correct/incorrect 2) Change the grammatical category of the word: Treat (v), treatment (N) Encourage (V), encouragement (N) Translate (V) , translation (N)  Inflectional morphemes Inflectional: suffixes added to words, not to produce new words, but to indicate the grammatical function of a word. They are used to show if a word is singular or plural (e.g. table/tables), past tense or not (e.g. like/liked), comparative (e.g. fast/faster), possessive form (e.g. John’s book). Note: They are eight inflectional morphemes, all suffixes. Visit your textbook to find more, p:78. `