MOLBIO LIPIDS PDF

LIPIDS Quiz 1 1. A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is a. soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents b. insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents c. soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents d. no correct response 2. Which of the following is not a bioch...

LIPIDS Quiz 1 1. A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is a. soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents b. insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents c. soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents d. no correct response 2. Which of the following is not a biochemical function classification for lipids? a. membrane lipid b. messenger lipid c. emulsification lipid d. no correct response 3. The saponifiable/nonsaponifiable classification system for lipids is based on a. lipid behavior in acidic solution b. lipid behavior in basic solution c. ability of lipids to react with alcohols d. no correct response Quiz 2 1. Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct? a. They are naturally occurring dicarboxylic acids. b. They are rarely found in the free state in nature. c. They almost always contain an odd number of carbon atoms. d. no correct response 2. In which of the following pairs of fatty acids are both members of the pair of polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. 18:0 acid and 18:1 acid b. 18:1 acid and 18:2 acid c. 18:2 acid and 18:3 acid d. no correct response 3. Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-6 fatty acid? a. CH₃—(CH₂)₁₈—COOH b. CH₃—(CH₂)₇—CH=CH—(CH₂)₇—COOH c. CH₃—(CH₂)₄—CH=CH—(CH₂)₅—COOH d. no correct response 4. The double bond present in a monounsaturated fatty acid almost always a. is in a cis-configuration b. involves the second carbon from the carboxyl end of the carbon chain c. involves the second carbon from the methyl end of the carbon chain d. no correct response Quiz 3 1. In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a greater water solubility than the second listed acid? a. 18:0 acid and 14:0 acid b. 16:0 acid and 18:0 acid c. 20:0 acid and 16:0 acid d. no correct response 2. In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a lower melting point than the second listed acid? a. 16:0 acid and 16:1 acid b. 18:2 acid and 18:0 acid c. 18:2 acid and 18:3 acid d. no correct response Quiz 4 1. How many structural “subunits” are present in the block diagram for a triacylglycerol? a. two b. three c. four d. no correct response 2. How many ester linkages are present in a triacylglycerol molecule? a. zero b. two c. four d. no correct response (three) 3. How many different simple triglyceride molecules can be produced that include glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid as part of their structure? a. zero b. one c. two d. no correct response 4. How many different mixed triglyceride molecules can be produced that include glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid as part of their structure? a. two b. three c. four d. no correct response 5. Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic between fats and oils? a. physical state at room temperature b. number of structural subunits present c. number of fatty acid residues present d. no correct response 6. Unsaturated fatty acid residues are structural components of a. both fats and oil b. fats but not oils c. oils but not fats d. no correct response Quiz 5 1. In terms of human body response to dietary fat, which of the following is considered to be “good fat”? a. saturated fats b. monounsaturated fats c. polyunsaturated fats d. no correct response 2. Current dietary recommendations for Americans, relative to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, include a recommended increase in a. omega-3 fatty acid intake b. omega-6 fatty acid intake c. both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake d. no correct response 3. Linolenic acid and linoleic acid, the essential fatty acids, are, respectively, a. 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids b. 18:1 and 18:2 fatty acids c. 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids d. no correct response Quiz 6 1. One molecule of a fat or oil, upon complete hydrolysis, produces how many product molecules? a. two b. three c. four d. no correct responses 2. Triacylglycerol hydrolysis associated with the human digestive process most often produces which of the following? a. a diacylglycerol b. a monoacylglycerol c. glycerol d. no correct response 3. Which of the following are the expected products when a fat undergoes saponification? a. glycerol and fatty acids b. glycerol and fatty acid salts c. fatty acids and fatty acid salts d. no correct response 4. Unwanted production of trans fats is associated with which of the following types of triacylglycerol reactions? a. saponification b. hydrogenation c. oxidation d. no correct response 5. The effect of partial hydrogenation of a fat or oil is which of the following? a. decrease in the degree of fatty acid unsaturation b. decrease in melting point of the fat or oil c. increase in the number of fatty acid residues present in a molecule d. no correct response 6. In the oxidation of fats and oils, which structural part of the molecule is attacked by the oxidizing agent? a. carbon–carbon double bonds b. carbon–carbon single bonds c. ester linkages d. no correct response Quiz 7 1. Based on biological function, phospholipids are classified as a. energy-storage lipids b. membrane lipids c. messenger lipids d. no correct response 2. Which of the following types of lipids contain both ester and amide linkages? a. triacylglycerols b. sphingophospholipids c. glycerophospholipids d. no correct response 3. Which of the following statements about the molecule sphingosine is correct? a. Two amino groups and one hydroxyl group are present. b. Two hydroxyl groups and one amino group are present. c. Two hydroxyl groups and two amino groups are present. d. no correct response 4. When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a glycerophospholipid, the two tails are a. both fatty acid residues b. a fatty acid residue and a phosphate group c. the phosphate group and the glycerol backbone d. no correct response 5. When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a sphingophospholipid, the two tails are a. the fatty acid residue and the phosphate group b. the fatty acid residue and part of the sphingosine molecule c. the phosphate group and part of the sphingosine molecule d. no correct response 6. In terms of the “head and two tails” model for phospholipids a. both tails are hydrophobic. b. both tails are hydrophilic. c. one tail is hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic. d. no correct response Quiz 8 1. The number of structural building blocks present in a sphingoglycolipid in which a single monosaccharide unit is present is a. two b. three c. four d. no correct response 2. Which of the following types of linkages are always present in a sphingoglycolipid? a. ester linkage and amide linkage b. ester linkage and glycosidic linkage c. amide linkage and glycosidic linkage d. no correct response Quiz 9 1. The “steroid nucleus” common to all steroid structures involves a fused-ring system that contains a. four 6-membered rings b. four 5-membered rings c. three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring d. no correct response 2. Which of the following types of membrane lipids has a steroid structure? a. cholesterol b. sphingoglycolipids c. sphingophospholipids d. no correct response 3. Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol is correct? a. An alcohol functional group is present in its structure. b. The lipoprotein HDL distributes cholesterol to various parts of the human body. c. The cholesterol associated with LDL is often called “good cholesterol.” d. no correct response Quiz 10 1. Which of the following is a correct representation for the structure of a lipid bilayer? c 2. The exterior surface positions in a lipid bilayer are occupied by a. hydrophilic entities b. hydrophobic entities c. nonpolar entities d. no correct response 3. Which of the following polarity-based descriptions is correct for the interior of a lipid bilayer? a. contains “polar heads” b. contains “nonpolar heads” c. contains “nonpolar tails” d. no correct response 4. The biochemical function for the cholesterol present in cell membranes is a. impart polarity to the interior membrane b. prevent other membrane components from reacting with each other c. regulate membrane fluidity d. no correct response 5. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires both the aid of proteins and the expenditure of cellular energy? a. facilitated transport b. active transport c. passive transport d. no correct response Quiz 11 1. Which of the following statements concerning bile acids is incorrect? a. They are cholesterol derivatives. b. They are emulsifying agents. c. They are insoluble in water. d. no correct response 2. Which of the following statements concerning structural characteristics of bile acids is correct? a. No hydroxyl groups are present. b. Fewer hydroxyl groups are present than in cholesterol. c. More hydroxyl groups are present than in cholesterol. d. no correct response Quiz 12 1. Which of the following statements concerning steroid hormones is correct? a. Some, but not all of them, are cholesterol derivatives. b. Some, but not all of them, are glucose derivatives. c. All of them are cholesterol derivatives. d. no correct response 2. Which of the following is a correct pairing of concepts? a. pregnancy hormones and estrogens b. female sex hormones and progestins c. male sex hormones and androgens d. no correct response 3. Which of the following substances is associated with Na+/K+ balance in the human body? a. aldosterone b. cortisol c. prednisolone d. no correct response Quiz 13 1. The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is a. cholesterol b. arachidonic acid c. sphingosine d. no correct response 2. Aspirin reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the formation of which of the following types of messenger lipids? a. prostaglandins b. thromboxanes c. leukotrienes d. no correct response 3. Which of the following types of eicosanoids has a cyclopentane ring as a structural component? a. prostaglandins b. thromboxanes c. leukotrienes d. no correct response Quiz 13 1. How many structural subunits are present in the "block diagram" for a biological wax? a. two b. three c. four d. no correct response 2. Which of the following functional groups is present in biological waxes? a. ester b. ether c. amide d. no correct response 3. The number of carbon chains present in the structures of biological waxes and mineral waxes are, respectively, a. 1 and 1 b. 2 and 1 c. 2 and 2 d. no correct response Quiz 14 1. In which of the following pairs of lipid types are both members of the pair classified as saponifiable lipids? a. triacylglycerols and biological waxes b. glycerophospholipids and eicosanoids c. sphingophospholipids and bile acids d. no correct response 2. How many "building blocks" are present in the block diagram structure of a nonsaponifiable lipid? a. one b. two c. three d. no correct response 3. Which of the following statements concerning bond breaking that occurs under saponification conditions is incorrect? a. Ester linkages are broken. b. Amide linkages are broken. c. Glycosidic linkages are broken. d. no correct response