A Brief Introduction to Cloud Computing PDF

Foreword  IT is a fast-changing industry. Cloud computing has been developing rapidly in recent years and has become the foundation of...

Foreword  IT is a fast-changing industry. Cloud computing has been developing rapidly in recent years and has become the foundation of a wide range of major applications. So, what is cloud computing? How has it evolved to what it is today? This chapter will offer you a brief introduction to the history and present of cloud computing. A Brief Introduction to Cloud Computing Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 1 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Objectives Contents  Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: 1. Cloud Computing Is Already Here  Describe what cloud computing is. 2. Cloud Computing Advantages  Describe the history of cloud computing. 3. Cloud Computing Definition  List a few use cases of cloud computing. 4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing  Describe the characteristics of cloud computing. 5. Cloud Computing Models Page 2 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 3 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  What Can Cloud Computing Do? You May Be Using the Cloud Already In short, cloud computing allows us to use IT services as conveniently as using First, let's take a look at the Products menu on the HUAWEI CLOUD user portal, utilities like water and electricity. Cloud computing delivers ready-to-use IT services Huawei's public cloud service. over the Internet. Under Products, we can see An ECS specifications (flavor) is similar to the several service categories. computer hardware specifications we see when we buy a new computer. They both contain CPU, memory, hard disk, and other parameters. Each category further contains a To ready an ECS, we will also need to install the variable number of services. required OS and configure an IP address for it. Subscribing to an ECS is just like buying and setting up a personal computer, except that an ECS is a computer on the cloud. An ECS is accessible via a mobile phone or tablet, with a similar user experience as when it is accessed through a computer with a big screen monitor. Backup & Restore is a default service on Huawei phones. Other brands also have similar Google Translate is a free service that instantly translates iReader is a popular online reading app that gives you access to a services, such as iCloud for iPhone. These services allow you to back up the local files on words, phrases, and web pages between English and over huge library of online electronic books. your phone to a remote data center. 100 other languages. Page 4 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 5 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Contents Cloud Computing Advantages 1. Cloud Computing Is Already Here 2. Cloud Computing Advantages On-demand self-service is also one of the major characteristics of cloud computing. 3. Cloud Computing Definition A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as 4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service's provider. 5. Cloud Computing Models The prerequisite for on-demand self-service is for the consumer to understand their own needs and know which product or products can Buy accommodate such needs. Cloud provider may need to make necessary recommendations or consumer guidance in order to help consumers make the right choices. 1. On-demand self-service Page 6 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 7 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  Cloud Computing Advantages Cloud Computing Advantages Cloud computing is computing power over the Internet, so network Resource pooling is not merely putting all resources of the same type access is an innate characteristic of cloud computing. onto the same rack, as it is done in supermarkets. Resource pooling is also about breaking down the resources by the finest granularities for We can have access to cloud services through any electronic device as flexible, on-demand provisioning. long as there is network connectivity. Another thing that resource pooling does is to shield the differences in When in office, we can use cloud services via personal computers. In the underlying resources. airports or train stations, we can use them through a mobile phone or tablet over Wi-Fi or mobile data. Resources that can be pooled include compute, storage, and network resources. Compute resources include CPU and memory. Pooled CPU ModelArts is a one-stop development platform for AI developers resources are available to consumers per core. Consumers have no idea offered by HUAWEI CLOUD: on a personal computer and on a mobile whether they are use AMD or Intel CPUs. phone. 3. Resource pooling 2. Broad network access Page 8 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 9 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Cloud Computing Advantages Cloud Computing Advantages For applications that may face fluctuations in demand, being able to L: 1.3 m, Φ: 1 m rapidly and elastically provision computing resources is a desirable L: 1.3 m, Φ: 1 m Measured service is how cloud systems control a user or tenant's use feature. of resources by leveraging a metering capability. When the load surges during peak hours or in the case of a major Measured service ensures that all resource usage can be accurately social or commercial event, more servers can be quickly provisioned, measured, through technical or other means, based on predefined L: 1 m, Φ: 0.7 m and automatically in some cases. When the load reduces, the servers L: 1 m, Φ: 0.7 m criteria, which can be the duration of usage, resource quota, or the can be quickly released for reallocation. volume of data transmitted. With these, cloud systems can automatically control and adjust resource configuration based on Rapid elasticity, both scaling in or out, can be achieved manually or usage. L: 0.71 m, Φ: 0.5 m based on predefined policies. Scaling can be done by increasing or L: 0.71 m, Φ: 0.5 m decreasing the quantity of servers, or by increasing or decreasing the On the cloud consumers' part, they can know the exact usage of the resources available with each server. services they have subscribed, and decide whether to scale up or down based on the current usage. The most significant benefit of rapid elasticity is cost reduction with guaranteed business continuity and reliability. 4. Rapid elasticity 5. Measured service Page 10 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 11 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  Contents Cloud Computing Definition 1. Cloud Computing Is Already Here  The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud 2. Cloud Computing Advantages computing as follows: 3. Cloud Computing Definition Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., 4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly 5. Cloud Computing Models provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Note the following key points in this definition: - Cloud computing is not a technology so much as a service delivery model. - Cloud computing gives users convenient access to IT services, including networks, servers, storage, applications, and services, like using utilities such as water and electricity. - The prerequisite for convenient, on-demand access to cloud resources is network connectivity. - Rapid resource provisioning and reclamation fall into the rapid elasticity characteristic of cloud computing, while minimal management effort and service provider interaction the on-demand self- service characteristic. Page 12 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 13 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Why the Term “Cloud Computing”? Contents  The "cloud" is a metaphor for the Internet. It is an abstraction of the Internet and 1. Cloud Computing Is Around Us the infrastructure that underpins it. "Computing" refers to computing services 2. Cloud Computing Advantages provided by a sufficiently powerful computer capable of providing a range of 3. Cloud Computing Definition functionalities, resources, and storage. Put together, "cloud computing" can be 4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing understood as the delivery of on-demand, measurable computing services over the Internet. 5. Cloud Computing Models Page 14 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 15 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  A Brief History of Computing A Brief History of the Internet Problem Instructions SubJob1 1989 2014 Part 1 Instructions The first commercial The browser alliance led Job SubJob2 by Google reinforced 1969 network operator 1990 Part 2 Instructions support for HTTPS. Problem PSINet was founded. ARPANET was born. The first network Part 3 Instructions 1986 search engine Archie 2004 Parallel Distributed SubJob3 Part 4 Instructions Computing Computing was launched. Facebook was founded. With The modern email it came the phenomenon of Grid Cloud 1981 routing system MERS 1991 Computing computing The complete specifications TCP/I social networking. was developed. P WWW was officially of the TCP/IP protocol suite were established. 1984 open to the public. 2000 Job Job Job Job DNS technology was The dotcom bubble burst. Job 1983 introduced. 1995 ARPANET, PRNET, and E-commerce platforms SATNET communicated such as Amazon and through TCP/IP. eBay were created. Page 16 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 17 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 A Brief History of Computing A Brief History of Computing In the simplest sense, parallel computing is the simultaneous use of multiple compute resources Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed to solve a computational problem. system distributes its different components to different networked computers, which communicate Each problem is broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently. and coordinate their actions using a unified messaging mechanism. The components work Each part is further broken down to a series of instructions. together in order to achieve a common goal. Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on different CPUs. A unified control mechanism is added to control the entire process. SubJob1 Instructions Serial Problem Computing Distributed Part 1 Instructions Computing Job SubJob2 Part 2 Instructions Parallel Problem Computing Part 3 Instructions SubJob3 Part 4 Instructions Page 18 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 19 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  A Brief History of Computing A Brief History of Computing Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. It is Cloud computing is a new way of infrastructure sharing. It pools massive amounts of resources a special type of distributed computing. According to IBM's definition, a grid aggregates compute together to support a large variety of IT services. Many factors drive up the demand for such resources dispersed across the local network or even the Internet, making the end users (or environments, including connected devices, real-time stream processing, adoption of service- client applications) believe that they have access to a super and virtual computer. oriented architecture (SOA), and rapid growth of Web 2.0 applications such as search, open collaboration, social network, and mobile office. Grid Job Job Job Job Job Cloud Computing computing Page 20 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 21 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 A Brief History of Computing A Brief History of Computing Parallel and distributed computing both use parallelism to achieve higher performance. Their Cloud computing is hailed as a revolutionary computing model by its advocates, as it allows the sharing of super difference lies in how memory is used: In parallel computing, the computer can have a shared computational power over the Internet. Enterprises and individual users no longer need to spend a fortune purchasing expensive hardware. Instead, they purchase on-demand computing power provisioned over the memory or distributed memory. In distributed computing, each computer has its own memory. Internet. Some people believe that distributed computing is a special case of parallel computing. Cloud computing refers to a way of delivering and using IT infrastructure to enable access to on-demand and In fact, in distributed computing, each task is independent. The result of one task, whether scalable resources (infrastructure, platform, software, etc.) unavailable or invalid, virtually does not affect other tasks. Therefore, distributed computing has low requirement on real-timeliness and can tolerate errors. (Each problem is divided into many Cloud computing has the following typical characteristics: - Hyperscale: Clouds are usually large (Google's cloud consists of over 1 million servers). tasks, each of which is solved by one or more computers. The uploaded results are compared and - Virtualization: Cloud computing gives users access to applications and services regardless of their location or verified in the case of a large discrepancy.) what device they use. - High reliability: With specific mechanisms, it is possible for cloud computing to deliver higher reliability than In parallel computing, there are no redundant tasks. The results of all tasks affect one another. local computers. This requires the correct result to be obtained for each task, and preferably in a synchronized - General-purpose: A single cloud is able to run a huge variety of workloads to meet wide-ranging customer manner. In the case of distributed computing, many tasks are redundant, and many useless data needs. - High scalability: Clouds are dynamically scalable to accommodate changing demands. blocks are generated. Despite its advantage in speed, the actual efficiency may be low. - On-demand: A cloud provides a huge resource pool from where on-demand resources can be provisioned. - Cost savings: Specific mechanisms allow users to have quick access to cost-efficient cloud services and Page 22 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 23 resources. Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  Cloud Computing Evolution Contents Cloud computing 2.0 Cloud computing 1.0 Cloud computing 3.0 1. Cloud Computing Is Around Us 2. Cloud Computing Advantages Software-defined, integration 3. Cloud Computing Definition Computing virtualization OpenStack Cloud native, app redesign 4. Origin and Development of Cloud Computing VMware AWS Virtualization Hyper-V Docker 5. Cloud Computing Models technologies Xen KVM CoreOS VMware ESX Cloud Foundry Cloud-based infrastructure Standardization and automation of resource Cloud-native applications Virtualization services Agile application development and Higher resource utilization Infrastructure resources are provisioned to cloud tenants and users lifecycle management as standardized services, and management is automated. The request, release, and configuration of infrastructure resources, This phase is characterized by: A distributed, microservices-based This phase deals with virtualization of IT infrastructure resources, with focus on which previously required the intervention of data center enterprise application architecture, as well as an enterprise data compute virtualization. Enterprise IT applications are completely decoupled administrators, are now fully automated, as long as the right architecture redesigned using Internet technology and intelligence from the infrastructure. With virtualization and cluster scheduling software, prerequisites (e.g. sufficient resource quotas, no approval process in unleashed by big data. multiple enterprise IT application instances and runtime environments (guest place) are met. In this way, enterprise IT can deliver a new level of agility and operating systems) can share the same infrastructure, leading to high resource This transformation has not yet touched the enterprise's intelligence for the enterprise business, further improve resource utilization and efficiency. applications, middleware, or database software architectures that utilization, and lay a solid foundation for fast innovation in an iterative are above the infrastructure layer. manner. Page 24 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 25 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Cloud Deployment Models Cloud Deployment Models Public cloud is the earliest and best-known form of cloud computing. A community cloud is a cloud platform where the cloud infrastructure is built and managed by a leading organization of a specific community and shared Public cloud offers utility-like IT services over the Internet for the public. between several organizations of that community. Examples of public Cloud : Backup & Restore on Huawei phones and Google Translate… Its difference from the public and private clouds lies in its industry attribute. Example: with a cloud built for the healthcare industry, patients' case files and records can be stored in this cloud. Doctors from every hospital can obtain patient information from the cloud for diagnostic purposes. Hybrid cloud Hybrid cloud is a flexible cloud deployment mode. It may comprise two or more different types of clouds (public, private, and community) that remain distinctive entities. Private clouds are usually deployed for internal use within enterprises or other types of organizations. All the data of a private cloud is stored in the enterprise or organization's own Cloud users can switch their workloads between different types of clouds as needed. Transportation Financial Healthcare Enterprises may choose to keep core data assets on-premises for maximum security data center. A private cloud may be able to deliver a higher level of data security and allow reuse of legacy while other data on public clouds for cost efficiency. cloud cloud cloud equipment. Stricter data access control also means less data sharing, even within the organization. Page 26 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 27 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  Cloud Service Models Cloud Service Models Traditional IaaS PaaS SaaS Applications Applications Applications Applications Applications Applications In-house Data Data Data Data Data Data In-house Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime The runtime environment is the environment in which a program or environment environment environment environment environment environment application is executed. Cloud service provider Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Cloud service provider In-house Software OS Software Middleware is software that lies between an operating system and OS OS OS OS OS the applications running on it. Essentially functioning as hidden Cloud service provider Virtualization Platform Virtualization Platform Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization translation layer, middleware enables communication and data Compute Compute Compute Compute Compute Compute resources management for distributed applications. resources resources resources resources resources Infrastructure Storage Infrastructure Each program typically provides messaging services so that different Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage resources resources resources resources resources resources applications can communicate using messaging frameworks like Network Network Network Network Network Network resources SOAP, REST and JSON. resources resources resources resources resources Layers Cloud service models Layers Page 28 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 29 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Cloud Service Models Quiz Traditional IaaS PaaS SaaS Applications Applications Applications Applications Applications 1. Which of the following services offered by HUAWEI CLOUD (public cloud) falls into the In-house Data Data Data Data Data category of SaaS services? In-house Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime environment environment environment environment environment A. Elastic Cloud Server (ECS) Cloud service provider Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware B. Facial recognition Cloud service provider In-house OS Software OS OS OS OS C. Elastic Volume Service (EVS) Cloud service provider Virtualization Platform Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization D. Object Storage Service (OBS) Compute Compute Compute Compute Compute resources resources resources resources resources Infrastructure 2. The measurable service characteristic of cloud computing means that users pay for how Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage resources resources resources resources resources long and how much they use the cloud service. Network Network Network Network Network resources resources resources resources resources A. TRUE Layers Cloud service models B. FALSE IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) refers to a situation where a cloud service provider provides and manages the infrastructure layer while the consumer the other two layers. PaaS (Platform as a Service) refers to a situation where the cloud service provider manages the infrastructure and 3. platform layers while the consumer the application layer. Page 30 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 SaaS (Software as a Service) means all three layers are managed by the provider. Page 31 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019  Summary Recommendations  Describe what cloud computing is.  Huawei e-Learning website:  Describe the brief history of cloud computing.  http://support.huawei.com/learning/Index!toTrainIndex  List a few use cases of cloud computing.  Huawei Support case library:  Describe the characteristics of cloud computing.  http://support.huawei.com/enterprise/servicecenter?lang=en  HCIA-Cloud Computing v4.0 online forum  https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/Huawei-Official-Communication-Channel- HCNA-Cloud-Certification-Course/thread/456287-911 Page 32 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Page 33 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2019 Thank You www.huawei.com