Far Eastern University Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture Module 1: Introduction to Architectural Design PDF

Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture Module 1: Introduction to Architectural Design Module Overview The module will establish a brief overview of...

Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture Module 1: Introduction to Architectural Design Module Overview The module will establish a brief overview of Architecture and Design, as well as the importance of drawings and sketching as part of the thought-process in formulating spatial solutions, further differentiating it from other art forms. Module Coverage The module will be covered for a duration of 1 week/s according to the timeline. Module Objective The module aims to help the student discuss the definitions and aspects of architecture and design. Module Learning Outcomes By the end of this module the student should be able to: Discuss what is architecture and design Explain the importance of drawing and sketching. Discuss briefly the tools that can help the students in relaying their ideas designs. Module Interdependencies This module serves as a prerequisite to the Module 2: Groundwork for Design Thinking. All the immediate knowledge must be ingrained to the students as they progress to the rest of the course contents. Module Learning Materials Under this module the students are provided with the following materials: Lecture Copy Presentation Slides Supplementary Imageries and Videos Drawing/drafting instruments –Pencil, pens, eraser, erasing shield, paper, illustration board, etc. Other materials deemed necessary for the course Additional Readings and Materials Students may refer to the given lectures under this module. Nevertheless, should the student want to study beyond the given materials, they may refer to the books listed in the reference list. Module Output-base Work To complete any output-based work, the student shall refer to the course outline and as well as the Learning Management System (Canvas) to see the corresponding assessments. References Ching, F. D. (2014). Architecture: Form, space, and order. John Wiley & Sons. Radford, A. (2000). Games and learning about form in architecture. Automation in Construction, 9(4), 379-385. Pearson, M. P., & Richards, C. (Eds.). (2003). Architecture and order: approaches to social space. Routledge. Salvan, G. (1986). Architecture theory of design. Hillenbrand, R. (1994). Islamic architecture: Form, function, and meaning. Columbia University Press. Giedion, S. (1967). Space, time and architecture: the growth of a new tradition. Harvard University Press.  Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture MODULE 1 - INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN LECTURE 1: ARCHITECTURE 1. Definition of Architecture According to Francis DK Ching’s definition from the Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Architecture generally means “The ART and SCIENCE of DESIGNING and CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS.” The ART The product or result of architectural work: buildings collectively. and SCIENCE A style or method of building characteristics of a people, place or time. of DESIGNING The profession of designing buildings and other habitable environments. and CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS The conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying or coherent structure According to RA9266 Implementing Rules and Regulations, “ARCHITECTURE” is the art, science or profession of planning, designing and constructing buildings in their totality taking into account their environment, in accordance with the principles of utility, strength and beauty. 2. Definition of Design It is the process of envisioning and planning the creation of objects, interactive systems, buildings, vehicles, etc. Its user-centered, i.e. users are at the heart of the design thinking approach. It is about creating solutions for people, physical items, or more abstract systems to address a need or a problem. To prepare the preliminary sketch or the plans for (a work to be executed), especially to plan the form and structure of to design a new bridge. Verb (used without object) to make drawings, preliminary sketches, or plans. 3. Definition of Art Art, also called (to distinguish it from other art forms) visual art, a visual object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill or imagination. The term art encompasses diverse media such as painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing, decorative arts, photography, and installation. (Brittanica.com) The conscience uses of skill craft, and creative imagination in the production of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary signifance. (Ching, F.,1995)  Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture 4. Difference of Art VS Design Image Source: https://blog.mynd.com/assets/images/Marketing_article_ART-vs-DESIGN-1_2022-01-30-134315_ewnd.png Design aims to find solutions to problems and thus always aims for a specific result. Art, on the other hand, has no concrete objective. It is described as an independent act of freedom that often raises questions and creates space for debate and discussion. Design may seem restrictive, but this is precisely where its beauty lies. Design is pure communication itself and, like art, serves a meaningful purpose. Finding the right balance between the beauty and functionality of a piece is the be-all and end-all of good design. Art and design are two distinct entities. However, it is important to recognize that they are symbiotic and mutually beneficial. Often, even groundbreaking design trends emerge through the pragmatism of certain art forms. And often, an artistic approach can reveal the beauty of pure functionalism. (https://blog.mynd.com/en/art-vs-design/) 5. Importance of Drawing and Sketching in Designing Schemes In the profession of architecture, drawing is essential to the process of design. From diagrammatical to highly technical, hand drawing brings value to every architectural project by allowing us to quickly explore ideas and convey intent. The development of a parti, the analysis of a site, the organization of spaces, even the exploration of construction details is all efficiently produced in the line work of a sketch. (https://www.dpsdesign.org/blog/architectural-sketches) Sketching in architecture is often used to express an idea and clarify the intent of the design. In the initial designing stages when the concept is being conceived sketching plays a crucial role. Sketching helps to catalogue ideas in an efficient manner. Sketching is not an inherent talent as we believe so. It is a skill, and like any other skill, it can be greatly improved by practice. drawing Imperfections and skewered lines of ink on paper showcase the way architects perceive their surroundings. https://www.planndesign.com/articles/2738- importance-sketching-architects  Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture Image Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/A2420-Why-is-Sketching-essential-to-architecture-Image-4.jpg Take Frank Gehry, a brilliant and well-known architect. Each of his major projects begins with a sketch. This evanescent, abstract drawing is then turned into tangible, three-dimensional forms & models. Then he goes back and forth from sketching to model making again-and-again; studying the two to see how it works, how it fits into the environment and how it will function. The way he is able to bring a sketch to life is poetic. (https://streamlinearchitects.com/blog/2018/1/23/the-importance-of-sketching-in-architecture) Image Source https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/565064aae4b05a6dcaa51e5c/1516738132045- 46JI6P0DT9CGK3R2ZEZH/image.flvcrop.1200.5000.jpg?format=500w Drafts, drawings and sketches are important because they allow architects to visually communicate their designs with clients and contractors. These serve as a manual for everyone involved in the construction process, from the architects and drafters to the contractors and construction crew. It also includes key details about the building, its style, its placement on the land, and the materials that should be used to assemble it. These details ensure that construction is successful: Floorplans, Roof Plans, Elevations, Sections, Site Development Plans and Architectural Details. Other drawings. Image Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/A2420-Why-is-Sketching-essential-to-architecture- Image-4.jpg  Far Eastern University 1st Semester 2024 – 2025 | ARC1401 Institute of Fine Arts and Architecture 6. Tools and Materials for Architectural Design 01 Drawing or Sketching Tools o Pencils (H, F, B, 2B, 4B, 6B (Optional) o Technical Pen (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 or 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) o Pencil Eraser and Eraser Shield o Drafting Brush o Black Ink Refills o Compass (preferably compatible to Pencil and Technical pens) o Colored Pens (for corrections and annotations) o Drafting Table or Drawing Board (minimum of 20x30) Ruling Tools o T square (36”) o 30-60-90 Triangle and 45-45-90 Triangle o Ruler o Protractor o French Curves Templates o Furniture Template (1:50, 1:100) o Circular Template Measuring Tools o Metric Scale (Fan or Triangular) o Steel Tape Paper Materials o Hopia or Onion Paper (A3, 5x20, 20x30) o Tracing Paper (A3, 5x20, 20x30) o White Paper (A3, 5x20, 20x30) o Sketch Notebook These following materials are not urgent to be complied immediately for this subject, but still relevant over the course of Architecture Manual Rendering Tools o Colored Pencils o Watercolor o Oil and Soft Pastel o Poster, Acrylic Paint o Mixed Media Modelling Tools and Materials (to follow) o Card boards, Illustration Boards o Cutting Mat o Scissors, Cutter, Precision Knife o Tweezers o White glue, Wood glue, Silicone Glue o Accessories for entourage