Module 6 Drugs Affecting the Nervous System PDF

Drugs Affec+ng the Nervous System Module 6  Autonomic Pharmacology Brain spinal nerves involuntary sovoluntary skeletal muscle...

Drugs Affec+ng the Nervous System Module 6  Autonomic Pharmacology Brain spinal nerves involuntary sovoluntary skeletal muscle movment mgie.iq gi.uicemovemeiEEiiiiiiiaiii intestines PNS Ac+ons of sympathe+c and parasympathe+c nervous systems on effector organs  Fight or Flight Response vs. Rest and Digest a Sympathomemitic agonist sympatholytics S+mulus antagonist Sympathe+c vs. Parasympathe+c Nervous Systems Neuron  Types of NeurotransmiBers Although over 50 signal molecules in the nervous system have been iden7fied, norepinephrine (and the closely related epinephrine), acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid are most commonly involved in the ac7ons of therapeu7cally useful drugs. Each of these chemical signals binds to a specific family of receptors. nereard do bamin Antich decreasindobamin ADHD ecre.fi cholinergic receptors Types of NeurotransmiBers Cholinergic Transmission Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary transmiCer in all autonomic ganglia and at the synapses between parasympathe7c postganglionic neurons and their effector cells. It is the transmiCer at postganglionic sympathe7c neurons to the thermoregulatory sweat glands. It is also the primary transmiCer at the soma7c (voluntary) skeletal muscle neuromuscular junc7on.  Types of NeurotransmiBers Adrenergic Transmission Norepinephrine (NE) is the primary transmiCer at the sympathe7c postganglionic neuron-effector cell synapses in most 7ssues. Important excep7ons include sympathe7c fibers to thermoregulatory sweat glands and probably vasodilator sympathe7c fibers in skeletal muscle, which release acetylcholine. Dopamine may be a vasodilator transmiCer in renal blood vessels, but norepinephrine is a vasoconstrictor of these vessels. diomotropic electricity SNS PNS chronotropic errect inotropic  pre Phly synaptic 71 ACHReceptors Anticholinergic decreases secretion PNS post synaptic cholinergic 5nsecpostsynaptic Epi norepi dobamine Adrenergic All glands are trigerd by n cholinergi exept Adrenal post gland synaptic the 1 11 PNS is 1 11 cholinergic SNS is Adrenergic  Autonomic YEE ANS Receptors 1 19 A. Cholinoceptors: these molecules can be ac7vated by ACh 1. Muscarinic receptors— As their name suggests, these receptors respond to muscarine (an alkaloid) as well as to ACh. AtropineAntimuscaria Muscarinic receptors are found on smooth muscles (e.g. GI, cardiac cells) [Parasympathe+c nerves]. They are found in aninergic sweat glands [Sympathe+c nerves]. 2. Nico2nic receptors— These receptors are located on Na+-K+ ion channels and respond to ACh and nico+ne, another ACh mimic (but not to muscarine) by opening the channel. They are found on skeletal muscles [Soma+c voluntary nerves]. They are found in adrenal gland, it triggers the adrenal gland to secrete hormones (NE, EPI) [Sympathe+c nerves].  ANS Receptors B. Adrenoceptors: these molecules can be ac7vated by Catecholamines (NE, EPI, D) [Sympathe+c nerves]. 1. Alpha receptors. 2. Beta receptors. 3. Dopamine Receptors.  10 mar pitarr lung 21mg  Drugs Affec+ng the ANS 1. Adrenergic agonists (sympathomime+c drugs): drugs that s7mulate adrenergic receptors. 2. Adrenergic antagonists (sympatholy+c drugs): drugs that block adrenergic receptors. 3. Cholinergic agonists (parasympathomime+c E drugs): drugs that s7mulate cholinergic receptors. 4. Cholinergic antagonists (blocking, parasympatholy+c drugs): drugs that block cholinergic receptors.  Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomime+c Drugs) The following medica7on profiles include some of the more common sympathomime7c drugs that may be used by the HCP: Feldstininginthe cardic arrest Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomime+c Drugs)  Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholy+c Drugs) Alpha blocker (e.g. phentolamine [Regi+ne]) used in certain cases of hypertension (by preven7ng vasoconstric7on) it is also used to help prevent necrosis when norepinephrine (Levophed) or dopamine (Intropin) has leaked, or extravasated, into the 7ssues. 210 11 vessel  Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholy+c Drugs) Medica7ons capable of binding and blocking adrenergic receptors have several therapeu7c applica7ons. Beta adrenergic receptor blockers, or beta blockers, prevent naturally occurring beta agonists from s7mula7ng the receptor. Nonselec+ve beta blockers are capable of binding to both beta1 and beta2 receptors. Selec+ve beta blockers bind and block either beta1 or beta2 receptors but not both. Beta blockers have both (-) chronotropic and inotropic effects. Reduc7on of HR and inotropy are useful in pts with cardiac disease. Adrenegic receptors D sympatherical IEiSofegg Bloodvessels GIT holinergic receptors 8 Pre ganglion sympathetic parasympathetic parasympathetic portgaglion Cardiaccells GIT muscarinic ympathetic postganglion sweat lands somaticNS muscarine skeletal muscle nicotine Adrenalgland nicotine JI fE.co only affects connantradenameending the heart to i er t tt amgtorhspertinstio d non selective we dont give it to Pt with asthma for Hyper tinstion with no Causes Bronco Chonstriction respiratory condition  r Ñ Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholy+c Drugs) gnonselective a nonselective β selective Blocker 19 selective β blocker  causes Bradycardia excretion To Cholinergic Agonists (Parasympathomime+c Drugs) Cholinergic drugs increase ac7vi7es of parasympathe7c nerves. Cholinergic drug are not emergency drugs except physos+gmine (An+lirium) which may be used to manage extreme cases of poisoning resul7ng from atropine type drug.  Cholinergic antagonists (Parasympatholy+c Drugs) Atropine competes with ACh for the opportunity to bind ANTI muscarinic receptors, which results in an increase in HR. As a prehospital drug, atropine commonly is used for the treatment of bradycardia.d enassymp In high enough dosages, atropine also exerts effects on the pulmonary system by causing bronchodila7on and a reduc7on of secre7ons. Consequently, atropine is the drug of choice in nerve agent and organophosphate (OP) poisoning.  11 rained Dogs fears Iotisopropanol topamine 1 kepinephrine AtropineTLP.gl treatment of symptomatic Bradycardia signs and symptoms of Atropine over dose fly stiffired pupils  Drugs Affec+ng the CNS pDowners Analgesics. I Anesthe+cs. Anxioly+cs and seda+ve-hypno+cs. CNS S+mulants.uppers An+psycho+c Drugs. An+depressants. Neurodegenera+ve Drugs.  pain killer as acaspirinesft.fi feti seg IpuproLi e n p i paracetamol Antiemitic  I p Jonost common side effect  Antidote IV IN SQ IM ETT ose 0.42mg  i onecanseitanteat thenestaminereceptors EEfEEineas This L slides 1029 Antiemetic iik.EE  ASA Nopaing diclofenac voltaren  Antipyretic Antifaflammatory analgesic dolaraz paracetamol  400mg Po 61T discomfort Iii bronchitis  opioid Δ 9W indication Renal colic 7 affollofic WeFioid  3,11 d 11 ISIS 3 Rapidsequence intubtion Barbiturates G BAZ mom  m 93 arion and reission c  BNZ adiction Antidote BNZ Diazepam Valium Midazolam versed T.EE FII  cnn.tt aubiturate so yo onset of action Whitlin one min last 2hr 30 40min last 4 6hr1 throughout theday BN2 Diazepam first choice for B2 BD2 mfg  T The End