Module 3: The Cry of Balintawak PDF

 HOW DID IT STARTED THE KATIPUNAN ⮚ With the initiative of Andres Bonifacio and his colleagues, they founded a Philippine revolutionary organization, commonly known as Katipunan or KKK, with its primary goal to gain independence from Spain through a revolution. ⮚ The Katip...

 HOW DID IT STARTED THE KATIPUNAN ⮚ With the initiative of Andres Bonifacio and his colleagues, they founded a Philippine revolutionary organization, commonly known as Katipunan or KKK, with its primary goal to gain independence from Spain through a revolution. ⮚ The Katipunan was a secret organization until it was discovered in 1896, which led to start the Philippine Revolution, which is now called as the “first cry”.  KATIPUNAN ⮚ Revolutionary movement armed to fight for freedom against Spain ⮚ Revolution which would free the Philippines from shackles of Spanish oppression had to be national in scope FOUNDERS OF KATIPUNAN  TRIANGLE METHOD ⮚They called the Kataas-taasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or simply “katipunan”. AZCARRAGA STREET IN TONDO MANILA ⮚Blood compact happened and signed their membership with their own blood.  OBJECTIVE OF KATIPUNAN 1. Unite the Filipinos under one flag 2. Achieve independence by mean of revolution 3. Depend the oppressed and helped member who are in need  PSEUDONY M 1. Andres bonifacio a.k.a “ May Pag- asa “ 2. Artemio recarte a.k.a “Vibora” 3. Emilio jacinto a.k.a ”Pingkian” WOMAN MEMBERS OF KATIPUNAN President : Josefa Rizal : Gregoria de Jesus Vice- president Secretary : Marina Dizon Fiscal : Angelica – Rizal Lopez KARTILLA / KARTILYA ⮚written by Emilio Jacinto ⮚it is composed of 13 commandments  KALAYAAN ⮚ Newspaper of katipunan  Emilio Jacinto -a.k.a “Dimas Ilaw” Andres Bonifacio -a.k.a “Agapito Bagumbayan” Pio Valenzuela -a.k.a “Madlang Awa” MARCH 1896 ⮚ First issue of kalayaan ⮚ 2000 copies ⮚It included articles written by Emilio Jacinto, Andres Bonifacio and Pio Valenzuela ⮚ The copies were circulated outside manila and even reach as far as Cavite and Rizal  DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN (DIARIO DE MANILA)  The discovery of the Katipunan was a result of an unfortunate turn of events. An associate of the Katipunan, Teodoro Patiño, became unhappy and annoyed, decided to reveal the society's existence to his sister Honoria, in charge of Madre Portera of the Orphanage, and reported it to the Spanish authorities.  Patiño handed over a copy of the society's initiation rites to a Spaniard, which contained incriminating evidence.  Upon learning about the Katipunan's existence, the Spanish authorities, led by Governor-General Ramón Blanco, launched a crackdown on the society. Raids and arrests of suspected Katipunan members followed. AUGUST 19, 1896 Patiño revealed the secret of katipunan to Father Mariano Gil FORT SANTIAGO Massive arrest of suspected members of katipunan AUGUST 23, 1896 All katipuneros met at Pugadlawin at the place of Juan Ramos(son of Melchora Aquino also known as “Tandang Sora” and was later acknowledged as the mother of the Katipunan.)  CRY OF PUGADLAWIN - The news about the discovery of the Katipunan spread to Manila and nearby suburbs, Andres Bonifacio immediately called for a general meeting. - Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to fight to the bitter end. Everyone shouted their approval, except for Teodoro Plata, who thought that it was too soon for a revolution. - Heartened by his men’s response, Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas (residence certificates). -They tore their cedulas and shouted “Long Live Philippine Independence/ Mabuhay ang Pilipinas.” -As a sign of their defiance and determination to rise against the Spaniards. - It marked the revolution against Spain in 1896. THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN tearing up of community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain AUGUST 30, 1896 - Governor General Ramon Blanco, he place the eight provinces under martial law FIRST EIGHT REVOLTED PROVINCES ▪Manila ▪Cavite ▪Batangas ▪Laguna ▪Tarlac ▪Nueva ecija ▪Bulacan ▪Pampanga  FORT SANTIAGO  The Controversy Various accounts give differing dates and places for the Cry of Pugad Lawin.  The Controversy ✔ An officer of the Spanish guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz, stated that the Cry took place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. ✔ Historian Teodoro Kalaw in his 1925 book The Filipino Revolution wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak.  The Controversy ✔ Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took place in Bahay Toro, now in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. ✔ Pío Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés Bonifacio, declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.  The Controversy ✔Historian Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. ✔Fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo wrote in 1956 that it took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896,  The Controversy ✔Accounts by historians Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas claim the event to have taken place in Tandang Sora’s barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City. ✔ Some of the apparent confusion is in part due to the double meanings of the terms "Balintawak" and "Caloocan" at the turn of the century. ✔ Balintawak referred both to a specific place in modern Caloocan City and a wider area which included parts of modern Quezon City. ✔ Similarly, Caloocan referred to modern Caloocan City and a wider area which included modern Quezon City and part of modern Pasig. ✔ Pugad Lawin, Pasong Tamo, Kangkong and other specific places were all in "greater Balintawak", which was in turn part of "greater Caloocan" The rebel faction in Cavite: MAGDALO FACTION - believed in the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo MAGDIWANG FACTION - Followers of Andres Bonifacio The most controversial political showdown for leadership in the Philippine history was that between Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo. When the dust settled in the final stage of their conflict and power struggle in 1897, Bonifacio, the supremo, was treacherously captured and later, executed by Aguinaldo’s men. - An assembly was held in Imus Cavite on Dec. 31, 1897, to settle the leadership issue but was not successful. - Then on March 22, another assembly was held at Tejeros (known as the Tejeros Convention) to elect officers of the revolutionary government.  TEJEROS CONVENTION Officers of revolutionary government President : Emilio Aguinaldo Vice president : Mariano Trias Captain general : Artemio Ricarte Director of war : Emilio Riego de Director of Dios interior : Andres Bonifacio DANIEL TIRONA- insulted and argued about the position of Bonifacio “ACTA DE TEJEROS,” ✔The next day, Bonifacio stressed out his reason for invalidating the Tejeros Convention through a document known as “Acta de Tejeros” signed by his supporters. ✔Meanwhile, the elected officers of Magdalo held a meeting at Sta. Cruz de Malabon. That night, Aguinaldo and the other elected officers in Tejeros took their oath of office.  “NAIC PACT” AND THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF AGUINALDO ✔ Bonifacio decided to establish another government independent from that of Aguinaldo in accordance with the “Naic Pact” enacted by him which signed by his 41 supporters including two of Aguinaldo’s general. ✔ These two generals, however, turned their back on Bonifacio after a talk with Aguinaldo, pledging loyalty to the latter, instead. ✔ The Revolutionary Government was established without the customary elections on 17 April 1897 with Aguinaldo completing his Cabinet members through appointment. - Bonifacio was captured, stood trail, and was sentenced to death by a War Council of Aguinaldo’s government. May 10 1897 - Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were shot at mount Tala in Cavite. - Bonifacio’s death did not deter the Filipinos from fighting for their freedom. - On April 27, 1897, Gov. Gen. Primo de Rivera march to Naic, Cavite to persuade the Filipinos to surrender. - Aguinaldo realized that Cavite was no longer safe for his men. They moved to Batangas, where they temporarily set up camp in the town of Talisay. However, Spanish soldiers were able to pursue them there. Thus, they retreated to Morong on June 10, 1897, and proceeded to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan.