Kinds of Phrases and Clauses PDF
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This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses, including prepositional, appositive, verbal and clause types. It includes examples and exercises for students to learn the material.
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**LESSON 1: KINDS OF PHRASES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS** ***Directions: Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet.*** **Lesson Title:** Identify your PHRASES **Learning Target/Competency:** The learners will be able to recognize the various types and functions...
**LESSON 1: KINDS OF PHRASES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS** ***Directions: Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet.*** **Lesson Title:** Identify your PHRASES **Learning Target/Competency:** The learners will be able to recognize the various types and functions of phrases to construct proper sentences. (DICES) **Values/Graduate Attributes:** The learners will become reflective and critical thinkers, eloquent and efficient communicators, innovative and resourceful, purposeful and decisive, ethical and morally upright, and globally competitive and locally active individuals who promote communicative efficiency and harmonious relationships in various life contexts. **Reference(s) & Author(s):** McDougal, Littell & Company (1989). McDougal, Littell English. Evanston, Illinois, USA: McDougal , Littell & Company Odell, L., Vacca, R., Hobbs, R. & Warriner, J. E. (2007). Elements of Language. (Fifth Course). Austin, USA: HOLT, RINEHEART and WINSTON Module No.: 3 **CONCEPT NOTES:** **KINDS OF PHRASES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS** both a verb and its subject. In English, there are various kinds of phrases. **Kinds of Phrases** **1. Prepositional Phrase --** It is a group of words that contains a **preposition**, the **object of the preposition**, and **any modifiers** of that object. **Example:** The tall building **with the red roof** is our new library. (The noun **roof** is the object of the preposition **with**. The adjectives **the** and **red** modify **roof.**) **Classifications of Prepositional Phrase** **a. Adjective Phrase** -- It is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It tells **what kind/s** or **which one/s.** Example: Diego Rivera's developed a style **of his own with simplified figures and bold colors.** (The two phrases ***of his own*** and ***with simplified figures and bold colors*** modify the noun style.) **b. Adverb Phrase** -- It is a prepositional phrase that **modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb**. Like an adverb, **it tells how, when, where, or to what extent** about the word it modifies. Example: Louisa May Alcott wrote *Little Women*, a novel rich **in New England traditions**. ***(In New*** ***England traditions*** modifies the adjective ***rich***, telling how rich.) 2\. **Appositive Phrase** -- It consists of an **appositive** and **any modifiers** **the appositive has**. An **appositive** is a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it. Example: The Alaska moose, the **largest deer** **in the world**, inhabits the Kenai Peninsula. (The appositive phrase the ***largest deer in the world*** modifies the ***Alaska moose***. The adjectives ***the*** and ***largest*** and the adjective phrase ***in the world*** modify the appositive ***deer***.) 3\. Verbal Phrases -- A verbal phrase consists of a verbal and its modifiers and complements. The three kinds of verbal phrases are the **participial phrase, the gerund phrase, and the infinitive phrase.** -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- **LESSON 2: THE CLAUSES (INDEPENDENT AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES)** ***Directions: Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet.*** **Lesson Title:** **The CLAUSES** **Learning Target/Competency:** **The learners will be able to identify the different types of clauses to communicate clear thoughts and ideas. (DICES)** **Values/Graduate Attributes:** The learners will become reflective and critical thinkers, eloquent and efficient communicators, innovative and resourceful, purposeful and decisive, ethical and morally upright, and globally competitive and locally active individuals who promote communicative efficiency and harmonious relationships in various life contexts. ### **Reference(s) & Author(s):** **McDougal, Littell & Company (1989). *McDougal, Littell English.* Evanston, Illinois, USA: McDougal , Littell & Company Module No. 3** **CONCEPT NOTES:** A. **THE CLAUSES** **(Independent and Subordinate Clauses)** **A clause is a word group that contains a verb and its subject and that is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence. Every clause has a subject and a verb. However, not every clause expresses a complete thought. A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence is called an independent (or main) clause. A clause that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a sentence is called subordinate (or dependent) clause.** ***Examples:*** **Sentence: You will enjoy a trip through the Hudson Valley if you like houses with a history.** **Independent Clause: You will enjoy a trip through the Hudson Valley (complete thought)** **Subordinate Clause: if you like houses with a history (incomplete thought)** **Kinds of Subordinate Clause** A. **Noun Clause -- It is a subordinate clause which acts as a noun in a sentence. It usually starts with words such as *that, what, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whomever.*** ***Examples:*** - **My command is *whatever you wish*. (Whatever you wish is a noun clause.)** - **I know *that the story is true*. (that the story is true is a noun clause.)** **B. Adjective Clause -- It is a subordinate clause that is used as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun in a sentence. It mostly starts with relative pronoun such as *that, who, whom, whose, which, or whose.*** ***Examples:*** - **My sister is the one *who ate my ice cream*. (who ate my ice cream is an adjective clause.)** - **Meryl read the book *that I gave her*. (that I gave her is an adjective clause.)** **C. Adverb Clause -- It is a subordinate clause that is used as an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence. It modifies a verb of the main clause in terms of time, place, manner, condition, and degree.** ***Example:*** - **Keep driving the car *until I tell you to stop*. (until I tell you to stop is an adverb clause.)** **Most of adverb clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. A subordinating conjunction** **relates the clause to the word it modifies. Subordinating conjunctions can be used to show a variety of relationships between ideas.** **Time after, as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while** **Cause because, since** **Comparison as, as much as, than** **Condition although, as long as, even though, provided that, unless** **Purpose in order that, so that** **Manner as, as if, as though** **Place where, wherever** ![](media/image1.png) **LESSON 1: KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS** ***Directions: Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet.*** **Lesson Title: OH MY SENTENCES!! (I love you. Do you love me? Please love me too. I love you!)** **Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to provide different kinds of sentences to attain various purposes. (DICES)** **Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners will become reflective and critical thinkers, eloquent and efficient communicators, innovative and resourceful, purposeful and decisive, ethical and morally upright, and globally competitive and locally active individuals who promote communicative efficiency and harmonious relationships in various life contexts.** **Reference(s) & Author(s): Mazon, Constancia M. (1995), English 1 (A Textbook-Workbook For College Freshmen) Towards Effective Communication. Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: St. Augustine Publications, Inc. Module No.2** **Directions:** Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet. **CONCEPT NOTES:** **KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS** **A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. There are different kinds of thoughts and different kinds of sentences according to functions.** 1. **Declarative Sentence - A sentence used to make a statement and usually ends with a period (.).** 2. **Interrogative Sentence- A sentence used to ask questions and ends with a question mark (?).** 3. **Imperative Sentence- A sentence used to give a command or instruction, make a request, or** **offer advice. It usually ends with a period (.) and sometimes with an exclamation point (!).** 4. **Exclamatory Sentence- A sentence used to express a strong feeling or emotion and ends with an exclamation point (!).** **LESSON 2: BASIC PARTS OF A SENTENCE (SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES)** ***Directions: Study the Concept Notes and accomplish the exercise on your Learning Activity Sheet.*** **Lesson Title:** Give Me An 'S'! Give Me A 'P'! What Do We Have? SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES! **Learning Target/Competency:** The learners will be able to classify the basic parts of sentences according to certain characteristics to understand the concepts of subject and predicate (DICES). **Values/Graduate Attributes:** The learners will become reflective and critical thinkers, eloquent and efficient communicators, innovative and resourceful, purposeful and decisive, ethical and morally upright, and globally competitive and locally active individuals who promote communicative efficiency and harmonious relationships in various life contexts. **Reference(s) & Author(s):** Eugenio, Marites A. (2008). Skillbook in English Grammar and Usage. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc. Module No.: 2 **CONCEPT NOTES:** **BASIC PARTS OF A SENTENCE (Subjects and Predicates)** Every **sentence** has two basic parts, a subject and a predicate. These elements are the foundation stones of sentence building. The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about. The predicate tells what the subject is, has, does, or feels. Understanding the **subject and predicate** is the key to good sentence writing. All the words that make up the subject are called complete **subject.** All the words that make up the a **predicate** is called the complete predicate. **[Examples:]** ***COMPLETE SUBJECTS COMPLETE PREDICATES*** Plays represent life in miniature. Very few people act calmly in a crisis. Ecumenical services encourage unity of religion. A good guidance counselor can help a confused adolescent find himself. Many traumatic experiences have been traced to events during childhood. **Other Forms of Subject and Predicate** - **Simple Subject -- A simple subject is the most important word/group of words in the complete subject. It is usually a noun or a pronoun.** - **Simple Predicate -- The simple predicate of a sentence is the verb that is done in the sentence. It can be the action that happens, the state of being, or the linking verb.** - **Compound Subject -- A sentence has a compound subject when it has two or more simple subjects (noun or pronoun) joined by a conjunction.** - **Compound Predicate -- A sentence has a compound predicate when there is more than one simple** **predicate (verb) separated by conjunction.**