Module-2-Drug-Education.pdf

National Service Training Program Drug Education by: Mary Ann S. Umayao Salud Isabel P. Petalcorin Jilliene Samantha C. Napil Team...

National Service Training Program Drug Education by: Mary Ann S. Umayao Salud Isabel P. Petalcorin Jilliene Samantha C. Napil Team Leader and Content Editor AVP Sitti Rogaiya L. Apadan University of Mindanao Mc. Arthur Highway, Matina, Davao City October 27, 2020 https://www.simcoemuskokahealth.org/Topics/Drugs  Table of Contents Module 2: Drug Education Module Overview……………………………………………………………… 4 Lesson 1: Nature of Drugs and Drug Abuse…………………………..………. 5 Lesson 2: Role of Youth on Drug Detection Prevention ……………………... 22 2 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Module 2 https://www.simcoemuskokahealth.org/Top ics/Drugs Drug Education “The drug addict loses the sense of dignity, responsibility, self-esteem, and self-respect, and he forgets how to live like a human being." – Dr. T.P. Chia. In this Module: 1. Nature of Drugs and Drug Abuse  What is a Drugs  What is Drugs or Substance Abuse  Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)  Is Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction the Same  The Illegal Drugs Menace:  Why do People turn to Drugs?  What are the Categories of Drugs?  Basic Facts about Commonly Abused Substances  Most Common Signs of Drug Use and Addiction  How do People take Illegal Drugs?  Ill Effects of Drugs  Global Drug Situation  The Bare Facts  Philippine Drug Situation  Drug Courier  Factors Contributing to the Drug Courier Problem  Anti-Drugs Campaigns and Advocacies of the Government  Republic Act No. 9165 2. Role of the youth on drug detection and prevention.  Engaging the Youth in Drug Prevention  Value of the Youth in Participating the Drug Prevention  T.E.N. (10) WAYS TO SAY "NO" TO DRUGS 3 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao Overview Drug use has always been a notable part of our culture; going back to the time of native tribal rituals. While it brings innumerable cure to human ailments, drugs on the contrary brings harmful effects when it is over used or erroneously taken. Discourse whether to legalized other restricted drugs for prescription purposes or whether they should be held illegal is being studied by medical practitioners and law makers even up to now. While the intention is good, people remains uncertain knowing the ill effects it brings to human and society as a whole. Drugs can control the brain. The power it has to influence not only the present but also the future generations is more disturbing. This brings drug education program for the youth with great importance knowing that they are considered the most vulnerable group because of the nature they have for curiosity, experimentation, and exploration. Drug education seeks to create awareness about the many facets of drug abuse so that they may come up with inform decision on how they will remain a drug-free individual. After this module, students shall be able to:  Describe the nature and the ill effects of illegal drugs;  Present the health, legal and social consequences of substance abuse;  Elaborate the different programs of implemented by the government in addressing the issue; and  Make a personal commitment to remain drug-free. If you are ready to know more about drug education, then let us get started! 4 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Nature of Drugs and Drug Abuse Lesson 1 Objectives:  Explore the nature of drugs and its effects to human and society;  Explain the effects and consequences of drugs when abused; and  Cite the importance of being aware of the pertinent law and programs about drug abuse. Introduction This lesson will particularly show us how drugs work and its ill effects to human and society. We will get to discover how drugs operate in the country and the global community and get to realize how it has penetrated to the entirety of the socio-political system. Policies and programs are also included showing how the government is taking stance to combat this perineal problem that continuously takes a toll on the lives and morals of the people. List down the ill effects of drugs on human lives. Activity You will listen to the song "Bawal na Gamot" by Willy Garte. As you listen to the music, internalize the song's message, and after that, you are to accomplish the task. Activity adapted from Labuguen, F.C., Vidal, J. E., Ramos, A.I., Moralde, R.P., Placer, R.B. & Rendorio, E.V. (2012) Understanding the National Service Training Program: A Modular Worktext for N.S.T.P. 1. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Malabon City. 5 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Once the activity has finished, the teacher gathers the students and discusses the following points with them: Analysis a. What does the song imply about drugs? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b. Why do you think people chooses to use illegal drugs? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ c. What do you think are the consequences of using illegal drugs? Physiological - _________________________________________________ Legal - _________________________________________________ Moral/ Spiritual - _________________________________________________ Economic/ financial - _______________________________________________ Social - _________________________________________________ Political - _________________________________________________ Abstraction An individual under the influence of drugs is generally viewed as an emotionally unstable individual. They usually have little to no self- control. They hate physical, mental, or moral suffering, which explains the need for them to escape. They rely on drugs for the time being, which should be changed and never tolerated. Drugs don’t simply have an effect on their physiological condition, it can also affect their mental health, finances, their relationship and social life – having them charged with criminal offenses. What is a Drug? Drugs are substances that affect the way our body and our mind function. They can change how a person feels, think, and behave. Why people take drugs depends on a variety of reasons, and they take it in different ways. 6 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao What is Drugs or Substance Abuse? Substance abuse according to World Health Organization (WHO) refers to “the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs”. The use of psychoactive substance can result in dependence syndrome – “a cluster of behavioral, cognitive and physiological phenomena that https://apibhs.com/2017/02/15/stats-and-figures-drug-addiction-in-america develop after repeated substance use”. It is characterized by a strong desire of a person to take drugs, problems in controlling like cravings for its use, persistence in its use regardless of dangerous consequences, primacy given to drugs than other worthy activities, increased tolerance having increased dosage to drug use and physical withdrawal state (WHO, 2020). Another definition of drug abuse is that it is consumption of certain chemicals to produce pleasurable effects on the brain. (Mandal, A. 2019) Mandal’s study further notes there are over 190 million drug abusers worldwide, and this “problem has risen at alarming rates, especially among youth.” Apart from the possible negative side effects of the excessive use of drugs, a drug abuser can also become vulnerable to many kinds of diseases. Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder) The Mayo Clinic states that drug addiction, also termed ‘substance use disorder’, is a “disease that affects a person's brain and behavior” which often leads to one’s inability to control their use of a prescribed or illegal drug. Addiction as a chronic disease https://www.wabi.tv/content/news/Maine-Public-Health- characterized by drug seeking and use that is Association-conference-focuses-addiction compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences. It is considered a brain disease because drugs change the brain, they change its structure and how it works. These 7 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao brain changes can be long-lasting and can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who abuse drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2014). Is Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction the Same? Medical experts advise that the terms ‘drug abuse’ and ‘drug addiction’ are not synonymous. Drug abuse is when legal or illegal substances are used in ways not advised by medical professionals. Examples of abuse are when you might take more than the regular dose of pills; or use someone else’s https://webstockreview.net/explore/remember-clipart/ prescription even if you don’t need that particular medication. Drugs can be abused when the person just wants to “feel good,” ease their stress, or avoid reality. Typically, the result of abuse is what leads a person to addiction in that you are unable to change the unhealthy habit, or that you cannot stop using the substance at all. (Casarella, J. 2020). Why do people turn to Drugs? The following are some of the reasons why people take psychoactive drugs based on the researches conducted by famous authors: 1. Curiosity and “because others are doing it” - In this respect adolescents are particularly vulnerable because of the strong influence of peer pressure. 2. Recreation - Using prescribed drugs for that was originally to target pain relief, but has been turned into recreational, addictive use. 3. Culture - Religious or cultural practices/ rituals that may call for the use of certain chemicals. 4. Loneliness – People who are into Substance Use Disorder commonly lack enough positive human contacts to sustain happiness, and they resort to drug intake partly as self-medication (Panksepp, 2012). 8 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  5. To feel good – psychoactive substances contain chemicals that distorts reality and make you feel better. After a while, the feeling-good in the brain will get addicted to it thus wanting more to get the same novel feeling. 6. To do better - Some people may take stimulants to enhance or improve their cognitive skills as well as physical activities such as studying or athletic performance. What are the Categories of Drugs? The commonly abused drugs fall into three groups, and these include:  Depressants: These are drugs that cause depression of the brain's faculties by attacking the Central Nervous System (CNS) slowing down the messages between the brain and the body. Some drugs in this category includes those that are used as tranquilizers and anti-psychosis medicines. Examples of these are barbiturates such as sleeping pills and non-barbiturates such as benzodiazepines, and alcohol.  Stimulants: Drugs which cause stimulation of the brain, giving rise to alertness and increased bursts of activity. Examples of these are amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine and nicotine.  Hallucinogens (Psychedelics): These results to hallucinations and an "out of this world" feeling. This drugs affect the sensation, thinking, and emotion that may lead to distorted sensory stimulations, delusion, paranoia and even depression. Examples of hallucinogen drugs are ecstasy, mescaline and marijuana. https://www.drugaddictionnow.com/2017/1 0/08/fda-warns-about-withholding-opioid- Source: Mandal, A. (2019) What is Drug Abuse? addiction-medications-on-cns-depressants/ Basic Facts about Commonly Abused Substances Marijuana Marijuana is usually rolled up in a cigarette called a joint or a nail. It can also be brewed as a tea or mixed with food, or smoked through a water pipe called a bong. According to a National Survey on Drug Abuse, kids who frequently use marijuana are almost four times more likely to act violently or https://www.livescience.com/48171-marijuana damage property. Street Names: Weed, Grass, Herb, Pot, Dope 9 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT Loss of coordination and distortions in Long-term use can cause psychotic the sense of time, vision and hearing, symptoms. It can also damage the lungs sleepiness, reddening of the eyes, and the heart, worsen the symptoms of increased appetite and relaxed muscles. bronchitis and cause coughing and Heart rate can speed up. wheezing. Alcohol Alcohol depresses your central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), lowers inhibitions and impairs judgement. Drinking large amounts can lead to a coma and even death. Mixing alcohol with medications or street drugs can be fatal. Alcohol influences your brain and lead to a loss of coordination, slowed reflexes, distorted vision, memory lapses and blackouts. https://www.123rf.com/photo_55349748 Street Names _stock-vector-sad-man-drinking-at-a-bar- isolated-on-white-cartoon- Booze, Sauce, Brews, Hard Stuff, Juice illustration.html SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT Feeling of warmth, flushed skin, impaired Leads to a deteriorating physical condition judgement, lack of coordination, slurred that can include liver damage and increases speech, memory and comprehension loss. the risk of heart disease. If someone Heavy drinking usually results in a suddenly stops drinking, withdrawal “hangover”, headache, nausea, anxiety, symptoms may set in which may result to weakness, shakiness and sometimes jumpiness, sleeplessness, poor appetite, vomiting. convulsions and sometimes death. Ecstasy Ecstasy is usually taken orally in pill, tablet or capsule form. Taking more than one at a time is called “bumping”. Ecstasy is a synthetic (man-made) drug made in laboratory. Makers may add anything they choose to the drug such as caffeine, amphetamine and even cocaine. It has similar effects to hallucinogens and stimulants. The pills are of different colors and are sometimes marked with cartoon-like images. Mixing ecstasy with alcohol is https://newsday.co.tt/2020/01/05/what- extremely dangerous and can be lethal. you-should-know-about-ecstasy/ 10 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao Street Names E, XTC, X, Adam, Beans, Lover’s Speed, Love Drug SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT Impaired judgement, false sense of Prolonged use causes long-lasting and affection, confusion, depression, sleep perhaps permanent damage to the brain, problems, severe anxiety, paranoid, drug affecting the person’s judgement and craving, muscle tension, involuntary thinking ability. tooth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, chills or sweating Cocaine Cocaine can be taken orally, through the nose(snorted), injected with a syringe or in the case of crack, through inhalation of the fumes from heating it. It is made from the coca plant and next to methamphetamine creates the greatest psychological dependence of any drug. Street Names https://theconversation.com/weekly-dose- Coke, Crack, Flake, Rocks, Snow, Charlie, Sniff cocaine-the-glamour-drug-of-the-70s-is-making- a-comeback-88639 SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT Causes short-lived intense high that is Cocaine can cause irritability, mood immediately followed by the opposite- disturbances, restlessness, paranoia and intense feelings of depression and auditory (hearing) hallucinations. Tolerance edginess and a craving for more of the to the drug develops so that more is needed drug. to produce the same “high”. Shabu or Methamphetamine Methamphetamine are inhaled, smoked or injected. Low doses are in a pill form. Crystal meth is a form of methamphetamine that resembles small fragments of glass or shiny blue-white rocks. It is a highly powerful and addictive man-made stimulant https://steemit.com/drugs/@apam/the- that causes aggression and violent or psychotic dangers-of-drug-shabu-4ac93d5267af3 11 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao behavior. It is one of the hardest drugs to treat. Street Name Speed, Meth, Crystal, Crank, Ice, Glass, Quartz SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT Negative effects can include disturbed Increased heart rate and blood pressure, sleep patterns, hyperactivity, nausea, damage to blood vessels in the brain, delusions of power, increased leading to strokes or irregular heart beat and aggressiveness and irritability. Can cardiovascular collapse or death. User may decreased hunger and bring on weight suffer brain damage, including memory loss. impairment and increasing inability to grasp abstract thoughts. Inhalants Inhalants include chemicals found in such household products as aerosol sprays, cleaning fluids, glue, paint, paint thinner, nail polish remover, amyl nitrate and lighter fuel. Inhalants affects the brain. When substances or fumes are inhaled, they cause permanent physical and mental damage. They starve the body of oxygen and force the heart to beat irregularly and more rapidly. Street Name https://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugf Poppers, Whippets, Laughing Gas, Rush acts/inhalants.html SHORT-TERM EFFECT LONG-TERM EFFECT People who use inhalants can lose their Can lead to muscle wasting and reduced sense of smell, suffer nausea, and muscle tone and strength. Can permanently nosebleeds and may develop liver, lung and damage the body and brain. kidney problems. Continued use can lead to reduced muscle mass, tone and strength. Most Common Signs of Drug Use and Addiction A resource for American Addiction Centers state that every person's drug abuse or addiction experience is unique, but there are some ‘basic’ signs that apply to many people who abuse substances, which include the following: 1. Intense cravings. 2. Tolerance. 3. Withdrawal symptoms. 12 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  4. Physical dependence. 5. They are engaging in increasingly risky behaviors. 6. Drug-seeking behaviors. 7. Financial trouble related to drug use. 8. Neglecting responsibilities. 9. They are developing unhealthy relationships with those who support the addiction. 10. Isolating behaviors. Source: Rehab.com How do People take Illegal Drugs? No matter which way people prefer to take in drugs, it will always end up in our bloodstream and create an effect on our bodies. The common methods of administering drugs are the following: Swallowing tablets or drinking liquids – The drugs are absorbed by the body via the stomach lining Breathing them into the lungs - The drugs are absorbed in the system through the lining of the lungs Snorting into the nose – The drugs are absorbed through the thin nasal lining Injecting - The drug substance enters the body via the blood stream Through the skin – The drugs are slowly absorbed into the body via a topical application like a cream or body patch Rectally or vaginally as a suppository - The drugs are absorbed to the bowels via the vaginal lining or the anal lining Ill Effects of Drugs Overusing certain drugs and consuming illegal ones will lead to different effects physiologically, socially, and legally. Abusing drugs may also lead to economic and political instability. The following are the ill effects of drugs: Physiological - Any drugs are deemed dangerous when taken https://www.jing.fm/iclipt/ThJ beyond the right dosage and beyond the right intention. Drugs that mxJ/ 13 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao can be harmful and dangerous when taken in combinations; or it becomes harmful to a person who has contraindications such as an allergy to the substance, even if it is in small or typical doses. Aside from the short and long-term effects cited in the previous pages, using illegal drugs can put a person at https://www.pinclipart.com/pindetail/bxhw risk of transmissible diseases such as Hepatitis, and oR_effects-of-drugs-clipart-png-download/ viruses like th e Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which can then result in Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Social - Drugs’ consciousness-altering effects can severely aggravate the mood of the person taking it. People frequently using drugs will more often than not, engage in aggressive and violent behaviors like fighting, stealing, riots, and ot her forms of criminality; and will even develop an anti-social personality (Pozzi, 2018; and Johnson and Raine, 2013). Legal - Dealing or just using illegal drugs can lead to imprisonment. People who are convicted often faced social stigma from people around which in some cases resulted in social rejection. Another legal consequence of drug abuse can lead to difficulty in applying a job as many employers conducts background investigation to know if their new hires are free from legal encumbrances and liabilities. https://www.drugrehab.us/addiction/legal- problems/ Economic - Pozzi adds that “economic aftershock” that illegal drug use may cause comes often from loss of potential manpower; low productivity; money laundering (because the illegal drug trade is profitable in the black market black market); and the lack of security and safety in the community makes it an unfavorable environment for investors to trust that their businesses will thrive. Additionally, governments spend quite an amount of ta xpayer’s money to boost security against insurgency and criminality caused by the drug menace; when instead it could go towards providing the basic needs of its citizens. 14 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao Political - The illegal drug trade corrupts the government system as well when drug syndicates and politicians become involved, mostly due to access to money and power. (Kawugana & Faruna, 2018; Pozzi, 2018; and Ciocchini, 2019). https://www.philstar.com/opinion/201 6/11/26/1645521/editorial-stopping- Global Drug Situation narco-politics  Around 269 million people who used drugs in 2018- a figure that is 30% higher than in 2009 according to the latest World Drug Report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC);  35 million people suffering from drug use disorders;  Developing countries has a rapid increase in drug use through the years (2000-2018) compared to developed countries;  192 million users worldwide of cannabis (marijuana) and is known as most used substance around the globe in 2018;  Opioids remained to be the most harmful classification of drug because of the 71% increase in opioid-related deaths;  Of that 71% increased, 92% are women and 63% are men;  Increasing unemployment and the lessened opportunities for jobs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will likely “disproportionately affect the poorest,” (World Trdae Report, 2020).  In effect it will make them likelier to turn to drug use, or drug manufacturing, and drug https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade trafficking as well for a source of income. Philippine Drug Situation 15 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  https://www.rappler.com/nation/drug-use-survey-results-dangerous-drugs-board-philippines-2015  The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) reported that there are 1.8 million Philippine drug users;  4.8 million Filipinos reported to using illegal drugs at least once in their lives;  More than three-quarters of these drug users are adults (91%), and a higher percentage were males (87%), and have reached high school (80%);  More than two-thirds (67%) of drug users are employed;  Methamphetamine, locally called shabu or the “poor man’s cocaine,” is regarded as the most commonly used drug in the Philippines;  The United Nations in a 2012 report found that the Philippines had the highest rate of methamphetamine abuse in countries in East Asia;  About 2.2% of Filipinos between the ages 16–64 years were methamphetamine users.  Upon assuming office on June 30, 2016, Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte and his cabinet launched a campaign that focused on combating illegal drugs “OPLAN TOKHANG”. Drug Courier The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) recognizes the drug courier as a “huge challenge” to law enforcement. Over many years, it is becoming a trend to utilize drug couriers in transporting illegal drugs and has become a worldwide concern. It poses serious threats to health, violates human rights, and cultivates illegal activities and other crimes such as human trafficking and prostitution. 16 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Drug mules or “drug couriers” https://pdea.gov.ph/drug-trends/drug-courier are persons who transport illegal drugs in exchange for getting paid a huge amount of money, usually determined by the amount of drugs to be delivered and the route/distance to be traveled. The anti- illegal drug authority adds that women are typically targeted by syndicates “since they typically generate mild suspicion from authorities,” and because there are “more cavities” in the female body to possibly insert the drugs in, women pose less of a detection risk. Factors Contributing to the Drug Courier Problem Female Filipinos are enticed to enter as drug couriers by the syndicates because they were promised either money, a relationship, or marriage; as have been the case with several arrests made by PDEA. Many people, whether men or women, enter into being drug couriers out of the promise of the opportunity to travel, a comfortable life, and an ‘easy,’ high-paying job, according to a study by the PDEA. These are the following factors that give rise to the drug courier problem:  Prevalent poverty  Lack of education  The promise of easy money  Unemployment  Traveling opportunities Anti-Drug Campaigns and Advocacies of the Government  “Barkada Kontra Droga” or “Peer Group Against Drugs” program launched by the Dangerous Drugs Board aims to tap teen-peers in advocating for preventive education to counter the ill effects of drug abuse;  Several policies have been mandated by the Duterte administration including: 17 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao o the establishment of community-based treatment and rehabilitation programs and services; o institutionalizing the Drug-Free Workplace Policy; and o Conducting authorized drug testing for elective local officials and appointive public officers.  In July 2016 “Oplan Tokhang,” a combination of the Bisayan words for knock (toktok) and plead (hangyo) was launched which involves officers going door- to- door in communities to root out drug-related offenders;  On September 19, 2016, the DDB approved Board Regulation No. 4, Series of 2016, entitled “OPLAN SAGIP”, which provided guidelines on the voluntary surrender of drug users and dependents, as well as mandating a monitoring mechanism for barangays in their Anti-Drug Abuse campaigns. Republic Act No. 9165 Also known as the Philippine Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, it is enshrined in the law that it will be responsibility of our government to “safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth,” and one of the ways they aim to do that is to keep its citizens away from the awful effects of illegal drugs on their overall well-being. Article II – Unlawful Acts and Penalties. Under this article of RA 9165, the various illegal acts related to the creation, sale, and distribution of drugs are detailed. Section 5 – Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. This section stipulates that anyone caught selling or distributing dangerous drugs will be faced with the penalty of life imprisonment to death, as well as a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) Section 6 - Maintenance of a Den, Dive, or Resort. Those who are running a drug den, or allowing the use of dangerous drugs in resorts and other facilities face life imprisonment to until death as well as a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00). Section 7 - Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. Those knowingly employed at the stated facilities in Section 6 also face a penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day, to twenty (20) years and a fine 18 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) Section 10 - Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. Making and delivering equipment used to consume dangerous drugs can get you a penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years along with a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) Section 11 - Possession of Dangerous Drugs. Having on one’s person any type of dangerous drug warrants the penalty of life imprisonment to death, as well as a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) Section 12 - Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs. Owning any equipment intended for the consumption of dangerous drugs warrants a penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day, to four (4) years as well as a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) Section 13 - Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings. Anyone who possesses any dangerous drug during a party, social gathering or meeting, or in the company of at least two (2) persons, will face the maximum penalties provided for in Section 11 of this Act, regardless of how much and how pure the quality of the dangerous drugs in their possession. Section 14 - Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings. The maximum penalty stated in Section 12 of this Act is also imposed upon any person who possesses or have under his/her control any equipment intended for using any dangerous drug during parties, social gatherings or meetings, or as long as they are in company of at least two (2) persons. Section 15 - Use of Dangerous Drugs. This section determines the possible sanctions after one is found using dangerous drugs: After a confirmatory test, the person found positive of illegal substance use will face a penalty of staying in a government rehab center for a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation for the first offense, and if caught using any dangerous drug for a second time, they shall be penalized with imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) 19 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao Section 16 - Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof. This sections states that anyone found growing and cultivating plants included in the classification as dangerous drugs will face a penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) Source: Official Gazette Article IV - Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers and School Authorities in the Enforcement of this Act. The government is not the sole actor in implementing the prevention of citizens in making, selling, and distributing illegal substances. The various stakeholders of society have a part to play as well in ensuring that society avoids the ills of illegal drugs. Section 41 - Involvement of the Family. This section states that the family, being the most basic unit of society is the one most responsible in educating and providing awareness among its members on the ill effects of dangerous drugs, and closely monitor family members who may be prone to drug abuse. Section 42 - Student Councils and Campus Organizations. This section mandates that all levels of education: elementary, secondary and tertiary schools’ student councils and campus organizations should include in its program of activities one that advocates for the prevention dangerous drugs use, and referral for treatment and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence as well. Section 43 - School Curricula. This section states that all levels of instruction in public and private schools will integrate drug abuse prevention and control. Source: Official Gazette 20 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Application 1. Why do you think it is important to implement measures such as laws and programs as regards to drug abuse problem in the country? 2. In your capacity as an NSTP student, how can you help the government in its “War Against Drugs” Program? Congratulations! You have reached the end of this lesson. Great job! It is expected that you have gained insights and meaningful learning in defining dangerous drugs and drug abuse. Now, you are already prepared to move to Lesson 2 of this module, which is about the role of the youth in drug abuse prevention. 21 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  The Role of the Youth in Lesson Drug Abuse Prevention 2 Objectives:  Identify how the youth can participate in drug detection and prevention;  Have a better sense of appreciation for the role of the youth in society building; and  Put into daily practice their positive influence over their peers, especially when it comes to avoiding the drug menace. Introduction Under the context of UNODC’s program of work in drug prevention, there are several measures that support and complement youth participation. These measures aim to correct the misconception that young people have limited capabilities to contribute to substance use prevention. The word ‘prevention’ is confusing for many young people today. Some would even think that they are not influenced by prevention, and some might not think about it at all. However, most young people are actively working hard to avoid the initiation of drug abuse both within the individual and the peer level. The fact is that prevention may not often be seen by our youth, not because it still provides a lot of gray areas, but because it is too broad and deeply rooted in their lives. Activity _________________ _______________ _______________ _______________ As an N.S.T.P. student, prepare a letter of __________________ appeal addressed to ________________________________________________ concerned authorities in ______________________________________________________ the attempt to look for ______________________________________________________ possible solutions in _________________________________________. combating the drug ________________________________________________ problem in our country as member of a youth ______________________________________________________ organization. Please ____________________________________________. refer to the letter format provided for the said purpose. Sincerely, __________________ 22 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Analysis 1. Does the youth organization in your community participate in activities that promotes drug prevention? What do they do? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 2. Did you involve yourself in those activities? If not, what hinder you to do so? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 3. If your answer is “yes”, would you like to do it again? Why? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 4. Were there instances that your efforts as a group were rejected by the community? How do you feel about it? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 5. In what else way did you think that you can show your group’s potential to contribute to the drug prevention program of your community? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. Abstraction WHO notes that drugs affect young people in every part of the world. They may use drugs, be involved in the cultivation or production of drugs, or are used as couriers. Factors such as the personal, micro level (influence of the family, 23 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao school, or peers), and macro level (their socioeconomic and physical environment) interplay may cause young people to be more vulnerable to substance use. A large body of research has suggested that early (12–14 years old) to late (15–17 years old) adolescence is a “critical risk period” at which adolescents may engage in substance abuse, before it peaks at around 18 – 25 years old. Quite a number of young people dabble in drugs to try and be able to cope with social and psychological challenges during the different phases of their development. Others have far more tragic reasons, such as using drugs or other regulated substances like nicotine or alcohol as a way to cope with physical or sexual abuse. The immediate sense of euphoria from substances that are usually readily available and at a low price, only serves to push more youth into using and abusing these items. Engaging the Youth in Drug Prevention The International Youth Foundation espouses that “Young people are not problems to be solved, but problem solvers themselves,” which is a claim that rings true, because the young people of society are integral voices in helping shape our culture, government, and society at large. There are many reasons why youth’s participation in development programmes are vital. Their unique skills and innovative ideas to communicate and reach-out to people can be of extreme help to communities such as but not limited to disseminating information through media. Participation provides young people with a sense of purpose and direction, giving them the feeling of being more connected to the activities and taking accountability of the programme’s mission (UNODCCP, 2002). In a study entitled “Youth Participation in Drug Prevention Programmes,” Poole, stated that the “unique experiences, viewpoints and vitality,” of young people make them capable of making extremely important contributions to their immediate communities and society as a whole. Encouraging the participation of young people in drug prevention programs and allowing them to communicate their message in their own unique way is an example of recognizing the “vast potential” of young people for productiveness and responsibility (Poole et. Al., 2005). The Value of the Youth in Participating the Drug Prevention 24 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao Poole in her study notes the following advantages of engaging the youth sector in drug prevention: 1. Morals and character are developed The youth are empowered to question what is happening around them, and gain confidence in themselves to think critically, especially when they support each other. 2. The youth listen to their fellows Young people are some of the most effective teachers, reliable messengers, and successful recruiters who can convince their peers to join any cause. There is no one better at knowing youth attitudes and behaviors than the people living these experiences. 3. A foundation for a good adult life Deliberately keeping young people uninformed and making them unable to contribute only leads to future problems that can be avoided. 4. A direct reflection of what young people want and need Young people have a lot to say and contribute. Young people understand that drug prevention is a crucial issue, and they also know they are great sources of information. They realize the importance of drug prevention because it is better to help youth avoid drugs rather than try to stop them after addiction. T.E.N. (10) WAYS TO SAY "NO" TO DRUGS 1. Use your voice, just say "NO" and mean it! 2. Show them an image of clean living for yourself. 3. Get into sports. 4. Choose your friends and influence them positively. 5. Get involved in community-based projects. 6. Join organizations (church, school, community, or social) or youth clubs. 7. Learn how to manage stress. https://www.change.org/p/group-say-no- to-drug 8. Join seminars on anti-drug abuse prevention. 9. Talk to your family, listen to the problems of your brothers and sisters. 10. Enhance your talents or skills by taking part in workshops, training or seminars. 25 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao To be involved in drug prevention and control requires a S.T.R.O.N.G. group: S – Steadfast personality T – Trustworthy in words and deeds R – Respectable in relating to others O – Open-minded in facing situations N – Noble character G – Gusty actions and ideas Nobody, especially a teenager, likes to be lectured about what they can or cannot do. Thus, we shall provide the facts that allow a person to make an informed decision on their own to remain drug-free. The light that will shed success to this plan would be student participation. 26 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  I. Since we are in a generation where most of us spend our time online, you are all encouraged to upload an awareness slogan about drugs that gives out enlightenment about its effects. You shall take a Application screenshot of your post online and submit it to your teacher. II.. Being aware of the nature and ill effects of drugs to humans and communities, make your personal oath on how you will remain drug-free by writing it in a diary. This will serve as your guide in your daily activity which you may turn as reminders from time to time. Congratulations! You have reached the end of our module. It is expected that you have gained important insights that you can apply to daily living; and making informed, responsible decisions regarding illegal drugs and drug abuse. 27 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao  Module Summary Looking back to our discussion, there were several topics presented such as the Nature of Drugs and Drug Abuse. We were made to understand on the different concepts pertaining to legal and illegal drugs, when do we tell that you are actually abusing drugs and the types of drugs being abused. We were also made to see how drugs affects us physiologically, socially, legally, economically and how drugs have corrupted the morals of the political system of our country. This module was also an eye opener to us by looking into the situations presented in the global and national arena. We were made to discover some of the facts and figures upon how drug menace has affected the youth being the hope and resources of our motherland. Programs and measures undertaken by the government were also presented which gave us a glance on how the government agencies are sincere in pursuing anti-drug advocacies. We were also presented pertinent laws that govern the use of drugs in its many forms which serve as deterrence measures to people who are into or are just planning to get into illegal drug activities. The last section of the module highlighted the ways in which youth can contribute to drug prevention and control programs. There were activities introduced particularly in this portion that spurs you critical thinking and creativity on how you can take part in your communities. You were also encouraged to express your personal commitment on how to remain drug-free by writing your oath in one of the module’s activity. Let us all remember, that the solution to drug abuse problem does not only lie upon the turf of the law enforcement group of our government. Everyone in the country has the sole responsibility to keep our community safe and secured from any forms of criminality. Together let us help our government in its War Against Drugs! Let us make this country a livable and peaceful place to live for the next generations! There are so much more to do after we can tell that the problem on drug abuse has deteriorated. But when we do it all together, truly we can tell that the problem will be near to its end. As Helen Keller said, "Alone we can do so little, but together we can do so much”. 28 National Service Training Program 1 | University of Mindanao References Australian Government Department of Health (2019). What Are Drugs? Retrieved from: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/drugs/about-drugs/what-are-drugs Retrieved on October 20, 2020 Casarella, J. (2020) What is Drug Addiction? WebMD. Retrieved from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/drug-abuse-addiction#3 Retrieved on October 25, 2020 Ciocchini, P. (2019). 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