BIOL 312 Lecture 9: Ctenophora & Introduction to Bilateria PDF
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These lecture notes cover the topic of Ctenophora and Bilateria, including anatomical features, nutrition, reproduction, and invasive species examples. The notes are organized with headings for each section, making it easy to navigate and access specific information.
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### **BIOL 312 Lecture 9: Ctenophora & Introduction to Bilateria** #### **Phylum Ctenophora ("Comb Bearer")** - - - - - - - #### **Anatomical Features** - - - - - - #### **Nutrition** - - - - - #### **Reproduction** - - - #### **Invasive Species...
### **BIOL 312 Lecture 9: Ctenophora & Introduction to Bilateria** #### **Phylum Ctenophora ("Comb Bearer")** - - - - - - - #### **Anatomical Features** - - - - - - #### **Nutrition** - - - - - #### **Reproduction** - - - #### **Invasive Species Example** - - ### **BIOL 312: Introduction to Bilateria** #### **Eumetazoa** - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### **Morphology-Based Phylogeny** - - - - ### **Characteristics of Bilateria** - - #### **Nervous System** - - - ### **Body Organization** 1. - 2. - - - - - 3. - - - ### **Functions of Body Organization** - - - - ### **BIOL 312: Introduction to Bilateria** #### **Circulatory Systems (Fluid-Transport Systems)** - - - - - - - - - - - #### **Blood-Vascular (Hemal) System** - - ### **Excretory Organ Types** - - - - - - - - - #### **Metanephridial System** 1. 2. 3. #### **Protonephridial System** - - ### **Digestive System** - - - - ### **Embryology** - - - ### **Germ Layer Formation** - - - - - #### **Modes of Mesoderm Formation** 1. 2. ### **Fate of the Blastopore** - - ### **Germ Layer Derivatives** - - - ### **Introduction to Bilateria** #### **Bilateral Cleavage** - - - - - #### **Three Germ Layers** - - - - ### **Major Modes of Mesoderm Formation** 1. - - - 2. - - - - ### **Fate of the Blastopore** - - ### **Germ Layer Derivatives** - - - ### **P-Xenacoelomorpha** #### **Overview** - - - - ### **Key Taxa** 1. 2. ### **Molecular and Morphological Characteristics** - - - ### **Locomotion** - - ### **Nutrition and Digestion** - - ### **Nervous System** - - - ### **Excretion** - ### **Reproduction** - - - - - ### **Deuterostome Characteristics** #### **General Features** - - - - #### **Mesoderm Formation** - ### **Phylum Hemichordata ("Half Notochord")** #### **General Characteristics** - - - - - - - - - - - ### **Class Enteropneusta ("Intestine Breathers")** - - - - - - ### **Body Structure** - - - - ### **Coelomic Organization** - - - - - ### **Musculature and Body Wall** - - - - - - - ### **Circulatory System** - - - ### **Excretory System** - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. ### **Nervous System in Hemichordata (Class Enteropneusta)** - - - - - ### **Nutrition** - - - - - - - - ### **Reproductive Strategies** - - - - - - - - - ### **Class Pterobranchia ("Wing Gill")** - - - - - - - - ### **Vascular and Excretory Systems** - - - - ### **Phylum Echinodermata ("Spiny Skin")** #### **Basic Characteristics** - - - - - #### **Coelomic Organization** - - - - - - - - - #### **Larval Organization** - - - #### **Metamorphosis** - - - - ### **Phylum Echinodermata: Overview** #### **Body Structure** - - - - #### **Coelomic Organization** - - ### **Water Vascular System (WVS)** - - - - - - - - - ### **Nervous System** - - - - ### **Nutrition and Feeding** - - - - ### **Reproduction** - - - - ### **Key Classes** - - - ### **Class Asteroidea (Sea Stars)** - - - - - - - - ### **Class Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars, Sea Biscuits)** - - - - - - - - - ### **Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)** - - - - - - - - - - - ### **Ecological Roles and Adaptations** - - ### **Deuterostomia: Chordata - Tunicata (Urochordata)** **General Characteristics**: - - - - **Classes within Tunicata**: 1. - - ### **Feeding Mechanism** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - ### **Anatomy and Physiology** - - - - - - - - ### **Ecological and Medical Importance** - - - ### **Additional Notes** - -
