Nursing Informatics Lecture | PDF

NURSING IN FORMATICS LECTURE LICEL ANITA ANTIPATIA-DISTRITO Lecturer 1  Nursing Informatics? Why study NI? 10 Module I : Computer and Nursing Lesson 1: Concepts, Principles & Theories 11 What is Nursing Informatics? - a title that evolved from French word “Informatique” -...

NURSING IN FORMATICS LECTURE LICEL ANITA ANTIPATIA-DISTRITO Lecturer 1  Nursing Informatics? Why study NI? 10 Module I : Computer and Nursing Lesson 1: Concepts, Principles & Theories 11 What is Nursing Informatics? - a title that evolved from French word “Informatique” - a specialty that integrates Nursing Science, Computer Science and Information Science - referred to the field of applied computer science - concerned with the processing of information such as nursing information Related Terms - Nursing - Informatics - Electronic Health Record - Telehealth - Computer Literacy - Information System - Internet  Systems Theory - is largely accredited to the Austrian biologist, Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy. - The theory looks at interacting parts within boundaries, and can be seen with the use of technology and the body systems of patients. * - The underlying principles of Systems Theory should seem largely intuitive to healthcare professionals. ** Cognitive Theory - One of the basic building blocks to help understand informatics. * - can be related to input, output, and processing.** - It helps understand the information processed by our brains.*** - It includes: Problem solving Decision Making User centered interface Development and use of terminologies  Change Theory - Kurt Lewin, (1890 – 1947) a Gestalt social psychologist, has been acknowledged as the “father of change theories” * - is applied in looking at the dynamic processes that are incorporated with nursing informatics. - It involves an action of planning and fact gathering before proceeding on to the next phase of action. - Lewin’s change theory is a ‘planned change’ guide that consists of three distinct and vital stages: Unfreezing Stage Moving to a New Level or Change Stage Refreezing.Stage** The Nelson Data to Wisdom Continuum 3 States of Data 1. Data at rest 2. Data in use 3. Data in motion* Databases - organized collection of related data - the possibility of finding databases depends on the following factors 1. data naming (indexing) and organizational schemes 2. size and complexity of the database 3. type of data within the database 4. database search methodology** Types of Data* 2 primary approaches to classify data in a database system 1. conceptual data type 2. computer-based data type - how the users will use the - numbers, letters or data combination - financial, patient or human - to build the physical resource data database within the - has major impact on how computer system the designer indexes the - identifies the number of data spaces and specific functions that the system can perform - numeric data perform numeric functions - logic data are limited Database Management System (DBMS) - computer programs that are used to input, store, modify, process, and access data in a database* - 3 interacting parts of a functioning DBMS 1. the data 2. The designed database 3. The query language that is used to access data Database Management System (DBMS) - examples of DBMS in everyday life 1. computerized library system 2. automated teller machines 3. flight reservation system - advantages of automated DBMS 1. decreased data redundancy 2. increased data consistency 3. improved access to all data* - functions 1. store the data 2. update the records 3. provide easy retrieval of the data 4. permit report generation Database Management System (DBMS) Data to Information Common Database Operations a. Data Input Operations - input new data - update data - change or modify data b. Data Processing Processes - the purpose is to extract information - discover new meanings - reorder data c. Data Output Operations - online and written reports - processed data as charts and graphs Data Warehouses - a large collection of data imported from several different systems into one database* - data marts are smaller collections of data** - purposes a. spares users from the need to learn several different applications b. makes it possible to separate the analytical and operational processing c. provides an architectural design for the data warehouse that supports decisional information needs d. the user can slice ad dice the data from different angles and at different levels of detail Data Warehouses - Functions a. must be able to extract data from the various computer systems and import those data into the data warehouse b. must function as a database to store and process the data in the database c. must be able to deliver data in the warehouse back to the users in the form of information  Prelim Lecture Activity 2 Choose a clinical scenario from your recent experience and analyze it using the foundation of knowledge model. How did you acquire knowledge? How did you process knowledge? How did you disseminate knowledge? How did you use feedback? Data/Information to Knowledge Data Mining - to find previously unknown patterns and trends that will assist in providing quality care, predicting best treatment choices and utilizing health resources in a cost-effective manner Data/Information to Knowledge Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) - the process of extracting information and knowledge from large scale databases - 7-step process: task analysis, data collection, data cleaning, data transformation, data mining, pattern interpretation and evaluation, and deployment - 3-step process by Bagga and Singh: pre-processing, data mining and post- processing* Wisdom Knowledge Application - decision support systems produce knowledge from information - expert systems use the knowledge from information and transform it to produce wisdom - a proposed theory of nursing knowledge/wisdom uses the formula NKW(IB)=P Wisdom Expert Support/ Systems - represent the present and future vanguard of nursing informatics - aim to help make the nurse more intelligent in providing quality care based on evidence - use artificial intelligence (AI) to model the decisions an expert nurse would make* Wisdom Advantages of Expert Support/ Systems - provide a solution more quickly than humans - reduce waste and cut costs - improve patient care by sharing the knowledge and wisdom of human experts 4 Main Components* - Natural Language - Knowledge Base - Database - Inference Engine Grave’s and Corcoran’s Model Grave’s and Corcoran’s Model - Nursing informatics as Linear* - Progression from Data, Information to Knowledge - Management Processing is integrated in each elements depicting Nursing informatics as the proper management of Knowledge, from data as it is converted to knowledge and information.** Schwirian’s Model Schwirian’s Model - NI activity was depicted as an interface between the computer hardware and software, raw nursing related information, and the user within the context of their profession or organization. All of these elements led to a common goal or objective.* Turley’s Model Turley’s Model - Nursing Informatics is the interaction between the discipline specific science / Nursing Science and Areas of Informatics.* - Core Components of Informatics: Cognitive Science Information Science Computer Science  Werley and Grier Model - *Their model integrated community data, institutional data, interpersonal data, and patient data into a hierarchical framework. - It was suggested that these information sets were needed to assist nurses in making decisions at various levels of functioning** Nurse—Computer Interaction Nurse—Computer Interaction -model made by Stagger’s and Park* - Framework which has been used to help understand interactions between nurses, computers, and enabling elements that optimize the ability of nurses to process information via computerized systems. ** Benner Novice to expert Model Benner Novice to expert Model - Every nurse must be able to continuously exhibit the capability to acquire skills and then demonstrate specific skills beginning with the very first student experience. - According BENNER, there are 5 levels of expertise: Novice Advanced Beginner Competent Proficient Expert. Philippine Healthcare Ecosystem Model Intel’s Shift Left Model  Patient Medical Record Information Model: Basis of EHR - The type and pattern of documentation in the patient record will be dependent on 3 interacting dimensions of health care: - Personal Health Dimension - Health Care Provider Dimension - Population Health Dimension