Module 1 - Introduction to Construction and Testing.pdf
Transcript
INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING CE 206 – CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING Prepared by: Engr. A. Lagrada 1 2 3 INTENDED LEARNiNG fundamental Categorize Apply t...
INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING CE 206 – CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING Prepared by: Engr. A. Lagrada 1 2 3 INTENDED LEARNiNG fundamental Categorize Apply testing Analyze the techniques to implications of construction assess the OUTCOMES material, using different properties characteristics of construction and applications in construction materials and the industry; materials; and testing methods. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Materials engineers are responsible for the selection, specification, and quality control of materials to be used in a job. These materials must meet certain classes of criteria or materials properties (Ashby and Jones, 2011). CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Economic Factors Mechanical Properties Non-mechanical Properties Production/Construction Considerations Aesthetic Properties CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Material testing pertains to the evaluation of materials (any kind of building materials) that affects or impacts the ongoing project. Another importance of this process is that it can help avoid back jobs or expensive renovations to correct the errors and alleviate risks to other people or property. TypES Of TESTiNG Commercial Testing – Determine if these materials comply with the given technical specifications and will fall within the required parameters Scientific Testing - Determine how it can be advantageous in building a certain structure. Materials Research - Researches are being conducted for existing equipment to have better understanding of its usage. ExpERiMENTATiON vS TESTiNG Experimentation Testing This is when the result is uncertain This is more defined procedure which that new insight are to be gained. are the limits and results are clear. DESTRUCTivE TESTiNG Materials are being tested up to its breaking point or until the material fails. It is said that this testing procedure is much easier to conduct because it results to more information regarding the material properties. NON-DESTRUCTivE TESTiNG This is the exact opposite of destructive testing. It is commonly used when the materials to be tested are still in service. SpECifiCATiONS It is a precise statement of a set of requirements, to be satisfied by a material, product, system or service. It is desirable that the requirements, together with their limits, should be expressed numerically in appropriate units. STANDARDiziNG AGENCiES AND RELEvANT STANDARDS Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards Organization (ISO) European Committee for Standardization (CEN) TESTiNG EqUipMENT Compression Machine This equipment is used to test the behavior of a concrete sample while compressive loads are being applied on it. Some of the results obtained are its compressive strength, yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic limit, etc. TESTiNG EqUipMENT Slump Test Equipment This equipment is used to measure the consistency of the concrete before it sets. The workability of the concrete can also be determined through this test. An improperly mixed batch can be known with this procedure. TESTiNG EqUipMENT Sieve Shaker This equipment is used to analyze the particles of sample aggregates as it is sifted according to its sizes. phySiCAL pROpERTiES Any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system. Bulk Density Absorption and Surface Moisture Porosity Fire and Weathering Resistance Durability Permeability Bulk Unit Weight and Voids Specific Gravity Particle Shape and Surface Texture phySiCAL pROpERTiES Bulk Density – It is the ratio of the mass to the volume of the material in its natural state that is including voids and pores. BUILDING MATERIAL BULK DENSITY (kg/m3) Steel 1450 – 1650 Sand 7850 Heavy Concrete 1800 – 2500 Light Concrete 500 – 1800 Porosity – It is the ratio of volume of pores to the volume of material. Durability – The property of a material to withstand against the combined action of atmospheric and other factors. phySiCAL pROpERTiES Bulk Unit Weight and Voids – It pertains to the weight of aggregate required to fill a specific amount of volume. Specific Gravity - It is the weight of the material divided by the weight of an equal volume of water. MATERIAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY Steel 7.82 Cement 3.15 Water 1.00 phySiCAL pROpERTiES Particle Shape and Surface Texture - It is the appearance of an aggregate-like shape and texture determines how well it will contain into a dense formation and determines the movement of it in mixture. Absorption and Moisture – When used in concrete, it is said that the amount of water absorbed by the aggregates is important in the design of Portland Cement Concrete. When used in asphalt, the more absorption the aggregates get, the greater amount of asphalt binder will be required. phySiCAL pROpERTiES Fire and Weathering Resistance – The ability to withstand against fire without changing its shape and other properties and the property of a material to withstand against all atmospheric actions without losing its strength and shape. Permeability – The ability of material to permit water through it. ChEMiCAL pROpERTiES The raw materials for cement production are limestone (calcium), sand or clay (silicon), bauxite (aluminum) and iron ore, and may include shells, chalk, marl, shale, clay, blast furnace slag, slate. Chemical analysis of cement raw materials provides insight into the chemical properties of cement. Silica fume is added to cement concrete to improve a variety of properties, especially compressive strength, abrasion resistance and bond strength. MEChANiCAL pROpERTiES These are physical properties that a material exhibits upon the application of forces. Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Tensile Strength Shrinkage Shear Strength STRESS-STRAiN DiAGRAM qUESTiONS? ThANk yOU.
