Purposive Communication (COMM 101) Course Pack PDF

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE Revision Number Sta. A...

Document Number HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 HOLY CROSS OF DAVAO COLLEGE Revision Number Sta. Ana Avenue corner C. De Guzman Street 00 Barangay 14-B, Davao City Philippines Effectivity Date October 3, 2023 Course Pack in PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (COMM 101) This is a property of Holy Cross of Davao College. No part of this course pack may be reproduced or photocopied without a written consent from authorized school administrators. Jonah O. Badilles and Romelyn Luzon HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Course Information 3-6 Lesson 1: Language and Communication 7 - 10 Lesson 2: Types of Communication 11 - 19 Lesson 3: Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics 20 - 24 Lesson 4: Modes of Communication 25 - 29 Lesson 5: Intercultural Communication: Communication and Globalization 30 - 33 Lesson 6: Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings 34 - 36 Lesson 7: Coping with the Challenges of the Intercultural Communication 37 - 40 Lesson 8: Varieties and Register of Spoken and Written Language 41 - 47 Lesson 9: Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures 48 - 51 Lesson 10: The Importance of Business Communication Lesson 11: Principles of Written Communication Lesson 12: Cs of Business Writing Lesson 13: Developing Memos Lesson 14: Parts of Business Letter Lesson 15 and 16: Parts of Business Letter HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  COURSE INFORMATION Course Code: COMM 101 Units: 3 UNITS Course Prerequisites: NONE Number of Hours: 3 HOURS/WEEK Course Description: Purposive Communication is a three-unit course that prepares students to communicate effectively and appropriately in multimodal tasks to a multicultural audience in a local or global setting. It provides students with tools for evaluating various texts critically. It emphasizes the importance of conveying messages responsibly by emphasizing the power of language and the impact of images. This course's knowledge, skills, and insights can be applied to students' other academic endeavors, chosen disciplines, and future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual, and/or web-based output for a variety of purposes. Course Outline: PRELIMINARY I. Lesson 1: Language and Communication 1. Nature of language 2. Definition of language II. Lesson 2 1. Definition of Communication 2. Types of communication − Mode − Context − Purpose and Style III. Lesson 3: Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics 1. Communication models 2. General principles of effective communication 3. Principles of effective oral communication 4. Principles of effective written communication: The 7Cs 5. Ethics of communication IV. Lesson 4: Modes of Communication 1. Forms of communication Page 3 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  2. Communication modes 3. Communication and technology 4. Communication in social media MIDTERM V. Lesson 5: Intercultural Communication: Communication and Globalization 1. The Globalization Phenomenon 2. The impact of Globalization on Communication VI. Lesson 6: Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings 1. Communicating Across Culture VII. Lesson 7: Coping with the Challenges of the Intercultural Communication 1. Challenges of Intercultural Communication 2. Sources of Misunderstanding 3. Approaches to studying Intercultural Communication SEMI-FINAL VIII. Lesson 8: Varieties and Register of Spoken and Written Language 1. Varieties of English 2. Language Registers of English IX. Lesson 9: Exploring Texts Reflecting Different Cultures 1. Cultural Texts 2. Formal and Informal Language X. Lesson 10: The Importance of Business Communication XI. Lesson 11: Principles of Written Communication XII. Lesson 12: Cs of Business Writing FINAL XIII. Lesson 13: Developing Memos XIV. Lesson 14: Parts of Business Letter XV. Lesson 15 and 16: Parts of Business Letter Learning Outcome: Students should be able to perform the following tasks. by the end of the course: Page 4 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  a. Cognitive 1. Describe the nature, components, and functions of verbal and nonverbal communication in a variety of multicultural settings. 2. Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication. 3. Determine culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images. 4. Evaluate multimodal texts critically to enhance skills of receptivity (listening, reading, viewing). 5. Summarize the principles of academic text structure. a. Psychomotor 1. Use appropriate registers to convey ideas to various target audiences in local and global settings via oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentations. 2. Create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials. 3. Use appropriate language registers, tone, facial expressions, and gestures to present ideas persuasively. 4. Write and present academic papers using appropriate tone, style, conventions, and reference styles. b. Affective 1. Use cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in your idea communication. 2. Recognize the distinctions between spoken and written language. 3. When presenting ideas, keep the audience and context in mind. 4. Recognize the importance of communication in society and the world. Course Output: Quizzes and Exams Recitation Reflection/Reaction Paper Projects Academic Papers: Research/ Concept Paper Grading System: Prelim Grade Quizzes, Assignment, Outputs 50% Prelim Exam 25% Midterm Exam 25% Page 5 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  100% Tentative Final Grade Quizzes, Assignment, Outputs 50% Semi-Final Exam 25% Final Exam 25% 100% Midterm Grade + Tentative Final Grade 2 Guidelines: 1. Students can take this course either online or offline. Online and offline students are given the Google classroom code upon enrollment. 2. Online classes are synchronous and asynchronous. 3. Synchronous classes are held one hour per week through Google Meet. The rest of the week is allotted for asynchronous instruction. 4. Those who opted for offline instruction are required to enroll in the Google classroom to meet their instructor and for more specific instructions. 5. Offline students are required to take the major examinations online together with the online students as scheduled. Lesson 1 Language and Communication Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. show that you understand the fundamental concepts of language and communication and 2. relate your personal experience to the information provided. Page 6 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Welcome! As a future linguist, you need to possess knowledge and skills about language and communication. This is the module's first lesson in which you will learn about the connections between language and communication and how language is used in communication. So let’s start and explore exciting topics on the matter. Activity 1 Answer the following activity in 2 - 3 sentences only. What do these quotes mean in relation to communication? “To speak and to speak well are two different things.” b y Ben Johnson “We listen a book a day, we speak a week, read the equivalent of the book a month, and write the equivalent of the book a year.” by Walter Loban Input Both humans and animals can communicate. But only humans are capable of language. WHAT IS LANGUAGE? Page 7 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  According to linguists, a form of communication can only be called a language if it has three criteria: 1. Grammar: a system of rules 2. Phonology: a system of sound 3. Lexicon: a system of vocabulary A monkey will produce sounds and gestures to signal to its partner that it is sharing food, but only humans use language to do the same. IMPORTANT TERMS TO KNOW: 1. Speech Community “A speech community is a group of people who share rules for conducting and interpreting at least one variety of a language or dialect. The term can be applied to a neighborhood, a city, a region or a nation. We all belong to at least one speech community. The earliest speech community we belong to is the one we share with our primary caregivers (usually our parents) and is the basis for some of the most intimate and long term relationships we form across our life.” (https://edtechbooks.org) 2. Language Acquisition “Language acquisition refers to the process of acquiring a language, usually due to immersion (i.e. hearing the language often and in everyday contexts). Most of us acquire our native language just from being around others such as our parents.” (https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/) 3. Mother Tongue The language we acquire from our speech community during our growing-up years. It also called the FIRST LANGUAGE. 4. Second Language The languages we learned later on in life. We choose to learn them because we discover they are needed for various reasons. 5. Language Learning Page 8 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  “Language learning is the result of direct formal or informal instruction in the rules of language. It is an age-appropriate activity for very young children as learning presupposes that learners have a conscious knowledge of the new language and can talk about that knowledge.” (https://utesinternationallounge.com) “What is the difference between language acquisition and language learning? Language learning (LL) is the process of actively trying to learn and understand a language. LL happens more consciously and is more likely the result of formal teaching. Perhaps, like how a second language is learned. On the other hand, language acquisition is the process of gaining language knowledge naturally. This happens subconsciously and is similar to how a child picks up their first language.” (https://beelinguapp.com) 6. Language Contact “Language contact is the social and linguistic phenomenon by which speakers of different languages (or different dialects of the same language) interact with one another, leading to a transfer of linguistic features.” (https://www.thoughtco.com) 7. Language Change “Language change is the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the features and the use of a language over time. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. Types of language change include sound changes, lexical changes, semantic changes, and syntactic changes.” (https://www.thoughtco.com) Activity 2 The students will view a video of citizens from London, UK, who are talking about what item they would never lend to other people. Click this link, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjEkotGQxzA, to watch the video. With a partner, answer the following questions: 1. What answers do the interviewees provide about the question? Page 9 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  2. What were their reasons for their answers? 3. How would you describe the way they speak? 4. While listening to them, were you able to understand them? Why? LESSON 2 Types of Communication Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. identify the types of communication mode, context, purposes, and style, 2. distinguish between verbal, nonverbal, and visual communication, as well as their sub- forms, in terms of communication modes, 3. in relation to the communication context, assess the differences between intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, and intercultural communication, 4. explain the differences in purpose and style between formal and informal communication, and 5. discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various communication styles in various communication settings. Welcome to our second lesson, where we will explore the Different types of Communication according to mode, context, purpose, and style. But first, let us complete the activity listed below. Activity 1 “TEST YOURSELF” Page 10 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Direction: Circle the letter of your answer. 1. It is defined as the transfer of knowledge and understanding from one person to another. a. Communication b. Speaker c. Process d. Purpose 2. It is a type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages. a. Non-verbal b. Verbal c. Visual d. Intrapersonal 3. It is also defined as communication with one’s self, and that may include self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall and memory. a. Verbal b. Intrapersonal c. Interpersonal d. Non-verbal Input DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION Communication is defined broadly as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and points of view between or among two or more people. In communication, various contexts come into play. Context is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place Circumstances could include: ◼ the actual or physical setting, ◼ a speaker's or listener's value positions, ◼ the relevance or appropriateness of the message Circumstance focuses on certain communication processes and even groupings of people that constitute a communication situation. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE 1. VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL Page 11 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Verbal communication is a communication that uses oral or written language. Non-verbal communication uses gestures, facial expressions, body movements, actions, and others. Effective communication requires the blending of these two types. Examples: ◼ a salesman must have a welcoming smile and a friendly, happy, and pleasant disposition, ◼ meeting a person for the first time must be with an amiable, congenial disposition, a smiling face, and a warm and firm handshake. 2. VISUAL COMMUNICATION This uses visuals to convey information or messages. Example of these visuals are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings, illustrations, and electronic communication symbols. Examples of electronic communication symbols are emojis, emoticons, animations, and others. A crucial issue on visuals is how should they be interpreted. The message's recipient should be able to correctly decode the meaning of the symbols by contextualizing the information received. The advantages of visual communication are the following: ▪ important in any work environment ◼ transfers data into digestible information ◼ catches the attention of the audience ◼ makes it easy to recall information ◼ makes the presentation more interesting ◼ leaves a powerful effect on the audience Hereunder are the considerations when using visuals: ◼ Be careful with wrong and irrelevant information. It may lead to miscommunication. ◼ Position, color, size, shape, and orientation of graphic elements are critical. ◼ Audience size must be considered. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT 1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Page 12 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  The Latin prefix INTRA means “within or inside." Intrapersonal communication then means TALKING TO ONESELF. Other terms for this type are self or inner talk, inner monologue, inner dialogue, self-verbalization, and self-statement Is it normal to talk to yourself? The gauge rests on the frequency of the occurrence and how you handle such. For instance, if you find yourself talking to yourself, there is really no need for you to answer back. People talk to themselves for various reasons. Examples are to boost confidence, to apprise themselves, or to self-console. The advantages of intrapersonal communication are the following: ◼ enables you to practice what you need to say when you lack motivation and confidence, ◼ gives you positive reinforcement, ◼ verbalizes your thoughts and feelings (self-expression), ◼ improves decision-making, and ◼ enhances your self-worth as a person. 2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Inter is a Latin prefix that means "between, among, and together." Interpersonal communication is intended to establish or strengthen one's relationship with others. It is less serious and less formal. However, if the objective of the conversation is to achieve something in the end, it becomes transactional. This aims to accomplish or resolve something at the end of the conversation. It is more serious and more formal. Analyze the following situations: Situation 1 Speaker A: Good day! My name is Kaeselle Ramos. What about you? Speaker B: My name is Venice Mendoza. I'm delighted to meet you. What is your relationship to the bride? Speaker A: She is my cousin. My mother and her mother are sisters. So, how about you? Speaker B: She was a classmate of mine in high school. I had no idea about her personal life, so we were taken aback when she sent us the invitation. She is, as usual, very private. Page 13 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Speaker A: Yes, I see. That's exactly how she is. Since we were children, she has always been a very quiet person. Situation 2 Speaker A: Please excuse me. Do you know how to get to the nearest shopping center? Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you can walk there or simply take a jeepney. It will take you about 20 minutes to walk there. Simply exit through the gate near the hospital, turn left, and walk straight ahead. Because of the large sign, you won't miss it. Jeepneys take the same route, and even with traffic, it should take no more than 10 minutes. Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take public transportation as I am running out of time. You have been helpful. Thanks again. 3. EXTENDED COMMUNICATION Extended communication involves the use of electronic media. Examples of these electronic media are television, radio, conferencing (tele, audio, video, phone), Skype calls, and others. The advantages of this mode of communication are: ◼ people who are far apart can participate in a meeting or a conference, ◼ speakers can reach a wider group of listeners, and ◼ messages are transmitted quickly. These are the things to consider when using electronic media: ◼ because extended communication is done in public, speakers are expected to be prepared, which makes their language more formal, ◼ extended communication allows others to influence your thinking, behavior, and attitude, and you may be persuaded to accept the viewpoints you hear, and ▪ it is critical that you weigh what you hear and compare it to your own beliefs in order to avoid being influenced by the convictions of others. 4. Organizational Communication The emphasis in this type is on the role of communication in organizational contexts. Be aware that each organization has expectations that you, as a communication professional, may someday meet or establish as a future owner. Page 14 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  A communication system should be put in place for an organization to be successful. A set of communication protocol rules or standards should be established so that interaction patterns can be established. Individually, you should be equipped with the necessary oral and written communication skills that the organization expects of you. There are two types of organizational structure: formal and informal. Formal: The formal structure allows for communication between positions in the organization to take place through designated channels of message flow. This can be accomplished through four methods: downward communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, and crosswise communication. Each of these communication methods has advantages and disadvantages. Kinds of formal structures: a. Downward communication When information flows from higher to lower positions, such as from a president to a manager or supervisor, or from a manager to an ordinary staff, this is referred to as downward communication. The flow of communication is top-down, or from a superior to a subordinate, with specific individuals being asked to perform a specific task. b. Upward communication Message transmission in upward communication is bottom-up in which subordinates send communication to their superiors/bosses expressing their opinions/feedback on organizational policies, job-related issues, and the like. Page 15 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  c. Horizontal communication Horizontal communication is lateral in approach because it occurs among people on the same level but from different departments or units to facilitate task performance through proper coordination. d. Crosswise communication The crosswise approach is diagonal in nature as employees from different units or departments working at various levels communicate with each other. Informal: Informal communication stems from unofficial message channels. Also known as “grapevine.” Messages come from the different levels of the organization. This is due to employee dissatisfaction accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors favoritism and unfavorable or unacceptable company rules and regulations. Some employees even resort to baseless gossip and rumors, which they spread like wildfire. Page 16 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  The origins of are nearly impossible to trace a rumor. In fact, when confronted, some people become defensive. put the blame on others so they can get out of the mess quickly. What is “organizational culture?” An organization develops its own core values, vision and mission statements, goals, and objectives based on its history and development. Organizational culture is critical because it dictates the type of behavior that employees should exhibit as well as the level of commitment that the organization expects from them. They all share the organization's values, practices, vision, and mission. "Company cultures are like country cultures," says Peter Drucker. Never attempt to change one. Instead, try to make do with what you've got." He means that company culture is within the control of the entrepreneur or company owner. If you cannot adapt to the company’s culture, you look for another job or place of employment where you will be happy and in harmony with your superiors and coworkers. 5. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION This is communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. Gender influences communication as well. Individuals of various orientations communicate and interpret messages in different ways. This is especially true of nonverbal communication. Non-verbal differences: For example, Australians value eye contact in determining a person's sincerity, whereas Indians believe that staring someone in the eyes while talking is inappropriate. This does not imply that they are dishonest or insincere. Another example: Indians interpret the waving of hands from side to side as NO or GO AWAY, while it means HELLO among Westerners. Page 17 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Another example: for Filipinos, twitching of lips means to refer to something or someone. When someone inquires, "Where is my book?" Instead of responding, "there it is," twitching or puckering lips may be used. When people from other cultures see such facial expressions, they may interpret them as "seduction." It is therefore critical not to pass judgment or jump to conclusions, as cultures can vary greatly. Linguistic differences: With the introduction of World Englishes, different cultures develop lexicons that are unique to the speech community. Philippine English, a local variety of English developed in the Philippines, has introduced lexical innovation not found or used in other varieties. Examples in vocabulary: thrice, batchmates, CR (comfort room), solons, barangay captain, and high blood. Examples in pronunciation: THESE supposedly pronounced with a hard /th/are pronounced instead with a /d/ by the average Filipino since the hard /th/ is not part of the Filipino phonology. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE In terms of purpose and style, there are two types of communication: FORMAL AND INFORMAL. Rather than focusing on the transmission of a message and message flow, as in the case of Organizational Communication, the focus here is on the communication setting and mode of delivery. Formal: This uses formal language delivered orally or in writing. Among other things, lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and business letters are all considered formal situations and writings. While lectures are delivered orally, the texts have been thought out carefully and written well before they are delivered. The objectives for formal communication according to purpose and style are : to inform, entertain, and persuade Informal: This does not employ formal language. Involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family, or acquaintances about anything and everything. The mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary, or everyday talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail Page 18 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The purpose is simply to socialize and enhance relationships Activity 2 Choose two cultures from the ASEAN region and distinguish some of their nonverbal messages. Collaborate with a partner to identify at least three differences in their nonverbal codes. Lesson 3 Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. determine the communication process's variables, 2. discuss the importance of communication in improving personal and professional relationships, 3. determine the fundamentals of effective oral and written communication, 4. draw attention to the ethical issues involved in communication, and 5. recognize the significance of an ethical code in communication. Welcome again. This week we will be getting into more exciting stuff as we explore the different communication models, the principles of effective oral and written communication as well as communication ethics. But first, please allow us to do the activity below. Page 19 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 Activity 1 The art and process of creating and sharing ideas is known as communication. Communication that works depends on the richness of those ideas. Question: How do we communicate effectively? Input COMMUNICATION MODELS Why is it important to understand communication models? You will recognize their significance because they will assist you in comprehending how a communication process works. It is only by knowing the flow of communication that you will be able to make the communication process effective. 1. ARISTOTLE’S COMMUNICATION MODEL Classic rhetoric dates back to ancient Greece during the time of Plato, Aristotle, and the Greek sophists, who were great rhetoricians. The speaker variable is extremely important. There will be no speech if the speaker is not present. Depending on the profile of the audience, the speaker adjusts his speech. Page 20 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Age, gender, background, culture, race, religion, gender, social and economic status, and political orientation or inclination are some audience demographics to consider. Beliefs, views, and attitudes also play an important role when talking about audience consideration since oftentimes, and the audience brings these with them when they decode a message in any given situation. 2. LASWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell defined communication as centered on the following Ws: Who says What to Whom, Through Which Channel, and With What Effect. The entire communication process begins with the communicator (who) sending a message (what) through a medium (which channel) for a recipient (to whom) to experience an effect (with what effect) afterward. The process can be examined through the content sent, the medium used, and the effect on the message's recipient. This model is similar to Aristotle's in that both are linear and contain the same components, Laswell’s also differs in that there is five variable involved, with the addition of two: medium and effect. 3. SHANNON-WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION MODEL For Bell Laboratories, Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver's communication model was introduced in 1949, a year after Laswell's. Originally conceived for the operation of radio and television as a model for technical communication, it was later adopted in the field of communication. Other components such as noise, reception, destination, and feedback have been identified in this model. New terms were introduced, such as information source for the sender, transmitter for the encoder, decoder (reception), and receiver (destination). Page 21 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 4. BERLO’S COMMUNICATION MODEL David Berlo's model, developed in 1960, is most likely the most well-known of the communication models. Initially, Berlo’s model was called SMCR, which stands for SENDER of the MESSAGE, sent through a CHANNEL or medium to a RECEIVER. However, it was modified later on to include noise, hence the acronym SMCRN. The major variables involved in the communication process are the source, message, channel, and receiver. As source being the originator of the message, acts as the encoder. As such, the encoder should practice communication skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. His attitude towards the audience or the subject, as well as his knowledge about the topic on hand, likewise counts along with the social system that he is in, which includes values, beliefs and practices, and culture. The second variable, which is the Messages consist of (1) content; (2) elements such as language and gestures; (3) treatment or the manner in which the message is transmitted; and (4) structure, which refers to the arrangement of parts or the flow of the message. The code shows how the message is sent: that is, the language (verbal code) used and the accompanying gestures (nonverbal code) is used. Keep in mind that there should be no discrepancy between the verbal and nonverbal codes. The third variable, which is channel refers to the different senses: seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching. Finally, the fourth variable is the receiver, the one who decodes the message. Note that the components of this last variable are similar to the first because both the source and the receiver must be present for communication to be effective and must have good communication skills. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Know your purpose in communicating. 2. Understand your target audience. Page 22 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  3. Understand your subject. 4. Adjust your speech or writing to fit the situation. 5. Work on the suggestions made to you. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION 1. Be clear with your purpose. 2. Be complete with the message you deliver. 3. Be concise. 4. Be natural with your delivery. 5. Be specific and timely with your feedback. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: THE 7 C’S 1. Be clear. 2. Be concise. 3. Be concrete. 4. Be correct. 5. Be coherent. 6. Be complete. 7. Be courteous. COMMUNICATION ETHICS Communication ethics emphasizes the role of morals in influencing the behavior of an individual group or organization, thereby influencing communication. It is critical to remember that honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity, and moral uprightness should govern one's behavior. Be guided by the following to achieve ethical communication: 1. Establish an effective value system that will pave the way for the development of your integrity as a person. 2. Provide complete and accurate information. 3. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately. What can communication ethics do? Adhering to a code of ethics is critical because it distinguishes between proper and desirable behavior and that which is displeasing and offensive. A code of ethics establishes the standards to be followed by an individual or a company in order to build a good reputation or a positive image not only for the individual but also for the organization. Page 23 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  As a result, it will pave the way for the achievement of the desired results, resulting in the success of an individual or the entire company. Decision-making success will have an impact on the company's reputation. Activity 2 View on YouTube the speech entitled “LEARNING A LANGUAGE? SPEAK IT LIKE YOU’RE PLAYING A VIDEO GAME” by Marianna Pascal at the TEDxPenangRoad. Click the link to the speech, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge7c7otG2mk, and answer the following questions: 1. Do you believe the five effective oral communication principles were followed? Which ones were they? Which one wasn't? What is your reasoning? 2. What advice would you give to make the speaker more effective? LESSON 4 Modes of communication Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you can: 1. recognize the various communication modes and how they aid in the expression of communication intent, 2. use the appropriate communication modes based on the context of the communication situation, 3. determine the positive and negative aspects of using technology in communication, and 4. convey an idea or deliver a message to a variety of audiences using the most appropriate technological tool. Page 24 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01 In the previous lesson, you explored the different types of communication models, principles of effective communication, and communication ethics. Now, you will study the modes of communication that attempt to enhance your skills and abilities in communicating. Activity 1 View a video conference from YouTube titled “A video conference call in real life” by Tripp and Tyler (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMOOG7rWTPg&t=9s). Then, answer the following questions: a. What was the topic of the video conference? b. Who were the participants? Where were they from? c. How was the flow of the video conference? d. Were there some technical glitches encountered? Were they resolved immediately? e. After viewing the sample video conference, what do you think are some of the constraints of this communication mode? Input COMMUNICATION MODES Communication modes are forms of communication that are channeled through which one expresses his intention to communicate. It is the means by which one communicates his ideas. Views or feelings can be communicated through face-to-face interaction, video or audio, and text-based. 1. Face-to-face Page 25 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  This is an informal or causal conversation between two or more people. The purpose of which is to establish relationships or maintain them. In building relationships, it is critical to consider how to speak, what to speak, when to speak, and to whom one speaks. How do you initiate a conversation? o Remember that first impression last. o Create a positive image of yourself. o Take note of visual cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and movements, objects, etc. o Be brave enough to start a conversation. (Dau Voire) What kind of topics matter to a stranger you're getting together for the very first time? At a social gathering, such as a wedding, you do not discuss topics that are never-ending in nature. Do not discuss politics and religion, because these are sensitive topics that may have an impact depending on one's beliefs and practices. Instead, start a conversation focusing on what you experience at the moment—ambience, music, food, relationship with the bride or groom. These are topics that are sufficient until the reception ends. Note that one topic may lead to another. Hold the conversation without offending the opposing party. In other words, after topic initiation, there should be topic maintenance, topic shift, and topic closure. "Every social change starts with a conversation" (Margaret Wheatley). One single and simple conversation may blossom into closer contact. You and your newfound friend may eventually find yourselves enjoying each other's company, sharing similar interests, and deciding to collaborate on some significant projects. All of this will eventually result in changes with far- reaching social consequences. 2. Video In this mode, web cameras are used so that two or more people who cannot interact face-to- face can communicate. A very effective mode, especially for people separated by distance. You can clearly hear your beloved's voice and see his or her face up close. Video conferencing can also be used in more formal settings. The disadvantage is the time zone difference between countries from where the people you're conversing with live. 3. Audio Audio means transmitted sound. Examples of these are telephone, answering machine, online, voice message or mail, etc. Only the speaker's voice can be heard. The obvious downside is not being able to see the body language or cues of the person you are talking to. Page 26 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  It's especially difficult when you're listening to people with different accents. For example, some Filipinos are not able to distinguish the sound of /I/ and /i/ in English words, as in the examples of sin and seen. Some people cannot produce the sounds of hard and soft /th/ and must instead use /d/, as in the examples THOSE and DOZE and THING and TING. Some also interchange /v/ with /b/ and /f/ with /p/. 3. Text-based Examples of this are e-mail, facsimile, text messaging, instant messaging, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. It does not originally provide video and audio benefits. It has a larger reach and can quickly disseminate information to a larger audience. Communication and Technology PINOYS ARE TOP SOCIAL MEDIA USERS, ACCORDING TO A STUDY (by Miguel R. Camus, 2017) Filipinos spend more time than anyone else on social media sites, averaging four hours and 17 minutes per day. Filipinos spend the majority of their online time on social media platforms such as Facebook, Snapchat, and Twitter. Brazilians and Argentinians followed closely behind, spending three hours and 43 minutes and three hours and 32 minutes on social media. The United States, where many of these social media players were founded, is among the bottom half, with Americans spending an average of just two hours and six seconds per day. The least active were the Japanese, who log on an average of just 40 minutes daily. Ramon Isberto, PLDT and Smart spokesperson: “It's most likely due to the same cultural dynamics that have made us the world's text messaging capital…Filipinos like to keep in touch.” The Philippines' use of social media contrasted sharply with its internet speed. Fixed broadband speeds in Asia Pacific are among the slowest, while mobile connections are among the fastest. A link appeared to exist between slow fixed-broadband speeds and time spent on social media. The Philippines, Brazil, and Argentina have average fixed-line broadband speeds of 4.2, 5.5, and 5 megabits per second, respectively. South Korea had the fastest connection, with 26.3 Mbps, and its citizens spend only about 1 hour and 11 minutes per day on social media. Internet and social media users in the Philippines increased by more than 25%, increasing by 13 million and 12 million, respectively, over the previous year. Mobile was also a rapidly growing platform, accounting for 38% of all Web traffic in the country, an increase of nearly a third from 2016. The Philippines, so far, has had a social media penetration rate of 58%, higher than the average of 47% in Southeast Asia. Page 27 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01  Global internet users increased by 10%, or 354 million people, while active social media users increased by 21%, or 482 million people. The number of global active netizens using mobile phones and other devices increased by 30%, or by 581 million people. The overall internet penetration rate was 50% or 3.77 billion people. Simon Kemp, consultant at We Are Social: "Half of the world's population is now online, demonstrating how quickly digital connectivity is improving people's lives. The increase in internet users in developing economies is particularly encouraging." Activity 2 1. Assume you've just won the top prize in a prestigious international competition. You wish to express your emotions and thoughts about this major event. Share your thoughts and feelings using one of the communication methods listed below (20 points). Paste a copy of your work into the box. Option 1: A handwritten letter to your parents or teachers Option 2: An e-mail message to your parents or teachers Option 3: A public Facebook post Option 4: A public Twitter post; and a text message to your parents or teachers 2. Form yourselves into groups of three members. Role-play any of the following situations and show how you can initiate a conversation with a stranger or strangers. a. You are a new student in the class. You noticed two of your female classmates talking outside the school building after dismissal. You wanted to know about the classes you missed and how you could improve your grades. When you approached them, they turned and whispered to each other. How will you start a conversation with them without expressing your outrage at their actions? b. It was your first time flying. It took about eight hours to travel to a foreign country. You wanted to know how to get from the airport to your destination. You were lucky to be seated next to a foreign national. He doesn't speak English very well, and his accent is difficult to understand. How are you going to strike up a conversation with him? c. You have a job interview scheduled. There was a long line of applicants when you arrived at the location. You were the tenth person interviewed, and you wanted to know what questions were asked. To alleviate your anxiety, you decided to speak with the applicants who came before you. How will you begin the discussion? Page 28 of 28 HCDC-VAA-WI-05.01